Masero emafuta mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu atove nepurofiti?
Zviri mukati
Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, tekinoroji yemafuta emafuta yaingowanikwa kune zvisiri zvekutengesa. Yakashandiswa, semuenzaniso, mundege dzemuchadenga, uye mutengo wakakura wekugadzira 1 kW yesimba wakasabvisa kushandiswa kwayo pamwero mukuru. Nekudaro, chigadzirwa, chakagadzirwa naWilliam Grove, chakazowana kushandiswa kwakakura. Verenga nezvemaseru ehydrogen uye ona kana uchikwanisa kutenga mota ine magetsi pack rakadaro!
Chii chinonzi fuel cell?
Iseti yemagetsi maviri (negative anode uye cathode yakanaka) inoparadzaniswa ne polymer membrane. Masero anofanira kugadzira magetsi kubva mumafuta anowaniswa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti, kusiyana nemasero ebheteri echinyakare, haadi kupihwa magetsi pachine nguva, uye sero yemafuta pachayo haidi kubhadharisa. Icho chinangwa ndechekuchipa iyo mafuta, ayo mumidziyo iri kukurukurwa inosanganisira hydrogen uye oxygen.
Fuel Cells - System Dhizaini
Motokari dzemagetsi dzinoda matangi ehydrogen. Inobva kwavari iyo chinhu ichi chinopinda ma electrodes, apo magetsi anogadzirwa. Iyo system inowanzo shongedzerwa nepakati unit ine converter. Inoshandura yakananga ikozvino kuita alternating current, iyo inogona kushandiswa kusimbisa mota yemagetsi. Ndiye iye ari moyo wemotokari, achikwevera simba rayo kubva kumayuniti ezvino.
Mafuta masero uye nheyo yekushanda
Kuti fuel cell igadzire magetsi, kemikari inoitwa inodiwa. Kuti uite izvi, hydrogen neokisijeni mamorekuru kubva mumhepo inopihwa kuma electrode. Iyo hydrogen yakapihwa anode ndiyo inokonzera kusikwa kwemaerekitironi nemapurotoni. Oxygen inobva mumhepo inopinda mu cathode uye inopindirana nemagetsi. Iyo semi-permeable polymer membrane inopa yakanaka hydrogen proton kune cathode. Ikoko vanobatana nemaanioni emaokisi, zvichiita kuti pave nemvura. Kune rimwe divi, maerekitironi aripo pane anode anopfuura nepakati pemagetsi kuti abudise magetsi.
Fuel cell - application
Kunze kweindasitiri yemotokari, iyo mafuta sero ine akawanda maapplication. Inogona kushandiswa sechitubu chemagetsi munzvimbo dzisina kuwana mahara kune mains. Pamusoro pezvo, masero erudzi urwu anoshanda zvakanaka mungarava dzepasi pemvura kana zviteshi zvemuchadenga uko kusingasviki mweya wemuchadenga. Pamusoro pezvo, masero emafuta ane simba robhoti nhare, midziyo yemumba uye masisitimu emagetsi ekukurumidzira.
Masero emafuta - zvakanakira uye zvakaipira tekinoroji
Ndezvipi zvakanakira fuel cell? Inopa simba rakachena risina kukanganisa kune zvakatipoteredza. Kuita kunoburitsa magetsi nemvura (kazhinji muchimiro chemhunga). Uye zvakare, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira, semuenzaniso, panguva yekuputika kana kuvhura tangi, hydrogen, nekuda kwehuremu hwayo hudiki, inopukunyuka yakatwasuka uye ichipisa mune nhete yemoto. Iyo sero yemafuta inomira zvakare maererano nehunyanzvi sezvo inowana mhedzisiro mu40-60%. Iyi inhanho isingasvikike kumakamuri ekupisa, uye ngatiyeukei kuti aya ma paramita anogona achiri kuvandudzwa.
Hydrogen element uye kuipa kwayo
Iye zvino mazwi mashomanana pamusoro pezvikanganiso zvekugadzirisa iyi. Hydrogen ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda paPasi, asi inoumba makomboni nezvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore. Hazvisi nyore kuiwana muchimiro chayo chakachena uye inoda yakakosha tekinoroji maitiro. Uye iyi (zvichida ikozvino) inodhura zvakanyanya. Kana zvasvika kune hydrogen mafuta sero, mutengo, zvinosuruvarisa, haukurudzire. Iwe unogona kutyaira 1 kiromita kunyangwe 5-6 nguva kupfuura pane iyo mota yemagetsi. Dambudziko rechipiri nderekushaikwa kwezvivakwa zvehydrogen refueling.
Fuel cell mota - mienzaniso
Kutaura nezvemotokari, heano mamodheru mashoma anobudirira kumhanya masero emafuta. Imwe yedzinonyanya kufarirwa mota dzemafuta emotokari iToyota Mirai. Uyu muchina une matangi ane simba rinodarika 140 litres. Iyo yakashongedzerwa nemamwe mabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba panguva yekutyaira wakasununguka. Mugadziri anoti iyi Toyota modhi inogona kufamba makiromita 700 pane imwe gasi chiteshi. Mirai ane simba re182 hp.
Dzimwe mota dzemafuta edzimotokari dzinodiwa kugadzira magetsi dzinosanganisira:
- Lexus LF-FC;
- Honda FCX Kujeka;
- Nissan X-Trail FCV (fuel cell car);
- Toyota FCHV (fuel cell hybrid motokari);
- mafuta sero Hyundai ix35;
- Fuel cell yemagetsi bhazi Ursus Guta Smile.
Iyo hydrogen sero ine mukana wekuzviratidza muindasitiri yemotokari? Tekinoroji yekugadzira magetsi kubva kumafuta emafuta haisi itsva. Nekudaro, zvakawoma kuisimudzira pakati pemotokari dzevatyairi pasina yakachipa tekinoroji maitiro ekuwana yakachena hydrogen. Kunyangwe mota dzemafuta edzimotokari dzikatengeswa kune veruzhinji, dzinogona kusarira kumashure maererano nekudhura kwemutyairi wepakati. Naizvozvo, mota dzemagetsi dzechinyakare dzichiri kuita seyakanyanya kunakidza sarudzo.
