Mafuta masisitimu epeturu uye dizeli injini

Simba remagetsi rinopa basa guru rekugadzira magetsi - kuendesa simba kubva mutangi remafuta kusvika kune injini inopisa yemukati (ICE) inoishandura kuita mechanical movement. Zvakakosha kuigadzira kuitira kuti injini nguva dzose igamuchire peturu kana dhiziri muhuwandu hwakakodzera, kwete uye kana zvishoma, mumhando dzose dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushanda. Uye kana zvichibvira, chengetedza ma parameters ako kwenguva yakareba sezvinobvira pasina kurasikirwa nekururama kwebasa.

Chinangwa uye kushanda kwemafuta system

Pamusoro pekuwedzera, mabasa ehurongwa akakamurwa kuita zvekufambisa uye dosing. Zvishandiso zvekutanga zvinosanganisira:

• tangi yemafuta apo kugoverwa kwepeturu kana dizeli mafuta kunochengetwa;
• booster pombi ane akasiyana outlet kumanikidzwa;
• filtration system yekuchenesa uye kucheneswa kwakanaka, ine kana isina kugadzirisa matangi;
• mitsara yemafuta kubva kune inoshanduka uye yakaoma hoses uye mapaipi ane mafittings akakodzera;
• mamwe maturusi ekufemesa, mhute kudzoreredza uye kuchengeteka kana tsaona.

Kudonhedzwa kwehuwandu hunodiwa hwemafuta hunoitwa nemasisitimu emazinga akasiyana ekuomarara, aya anosanganisira:

• carburetors mune injini dzekare;
• injini yekudzora zvikamu zvine system ye sensors uye actuators;
• mafuta majekiseni;
• high pressure pumps ine dosing mabasa;
• mechanical uye hydraulic controls.

Kupihwa kwemafuta kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekupa injini nemhepo, asi zvakadaro aya akasiyana masisitimu, saka kubatana pakati pavo kunoitwa chete kuburikidza nemagetsi controllers uye manifold ekutora.

Sangano rekugovera peturu

Masisitimu maviri akasiyana zvakanyanya ayo anokonzeresa kuumbwa kwakaringana kwemusanganiswa unoshanda - carburetor, uko mwero wekupihwa peturu unotarwa nekumhanya kwekuyerera kwemhepo yakanyudzwa mukati nepistons, uye jekiseni pasi pekumanikidzwa, uko system inongotarisa chete. kuyerera kwemhepo uye injini modes, dosing mafuta pachayo.

Carburetor

Kupihwa kwepeturu nerubatsiro rwecarburetors kwatove kwechinyakare, nekuti hazvibviri kutevedzera zvakatipoteredza zviyero nazvo. Kunyange kushandiswa kwemagetsi kana vacuum systems mu carburetors hazvina kubatsira. Iye zvino michina iyi haisi kushandiswa.

Nheyo yekushanda kwecarburetor yaive yekupfuura nemadiffuser ayo mhepo inoyerera yakananga kune yakawanda yekutora. Special profiled kutetepa kwema diffuser kwakakonzera kudzikira kwekumanikidzwa mujeti yemhepo zvine chekuita nemhepo yemhepo. Nekuda kwekudonha kwakaitika, peturu yakapihwa kubva kumasprayers. Huwandu hwayo hwakanga hwakaganhurirwa nekugadzirwa kwemafuta emulsion mukuumbwa kwakatemwa nekubatanidzwa kwemafuta nemhepo jets.

Iyo carburetor yaidzorwa nekuchinja kudiki mukudzvinyirira zvichienderana nekuyerera kweyero, chete mafuta emafuta mukamuri yekuyangarara aive achigara, ayo aichengetwa nekupomba nekuvhara iyo inlet yekuvhara valve. Paive neakawanda masisitimu mune carburetors, imwe neimwe yaive nebasa reinjini yayo modhi, kubva pakutanga-kumusoro kusvika kune yakayerwa simba. Zvese izvi zvakashanda, asi mhando yedosing yakazove isingagutsi. Zvakanga zvisingabviri kunyatso gadzirisa musanganiswa, izvo zvaive zvakakosha kune inobuda exhaust gas catalytic converters.

Mafuta jekiseni

Fixed pressure injection ine zvakakosha zvakanakira. Iyo inogadzirwa nepombi yemagetsi yakaiswa mutangi ine yakabatanidzwa kana iri kure regulator uye inochengetedzwa nekururama kunodiwa. Kukosha kwayo ndekwekurongeka kwemamiriro ekunze akati wandei.

peturu inopihwa kune injini nemajekiseni, ayo ari solenoid mavharuvhu ane maatomizer. Vanovhura pavanogamuchira chiratidzo kubva kumagetsi enjini yekudzora system (ECM), uye mushure menguva yakaverengerwa vanovhara, vachiburitsa mafuta akawandisa sezvinodiwa kune imwe injini kutenderera.

Pakutanga, imwe nozzle yakashandiswa, iri panzvimbo ye carburetor. Mutambo wakadaro wainzi central kana single injection. Haasi zvikanganiso zvese zvakabviswa, saka zvimwe zvimiro zvemazuva ano zvine mabhunu akaparadzana ega silinda.

Yakagoverwa uye yakananga (yakananga) majekiseni masisitimu anopatsanurwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenozzles. Muchiitiko chekutanga, majekiseni anopa mafuta kune yakawanda yekutora, pedyo nevhavha. Munharaunda iyi, kutonhora kunowedzera. Uye nzira pfupi yekuenda kukamuri yekupisa haibvumire peturu kudzika, iro raive dambudziko nejekiseni rimwe chete. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakave zvichigoneka kuganhura kuyerera, kuburitsa peturu zvakanyanya panguva iyo vharuvhu yekupinda yeimwe silinda inovhurwa.

Iyo yakananga jekiseni system inoshanda zvakanyanya zvakanyanya. Kana mhuno iri mumisoro uye yakananga mukati mekamuri yekupisa, zvinokwanisika kushandisa nzira dzemazuva ano dzejekiseni rakawanda mune imwechete kana maviri cycle, layered ignition uye yakaoma swirling yemusanganiswa. Izvi zvinowedzera kushanda zvakanaka, asi zvinogadzira matambudziko ekuvimbika anotungamira kumutengo wepamusoro wezvikamu nemagungano. Kunyanya, tinoda pombi yepamusoro-yepamusoro (high pressure fuel pump), mazamu anokosha uye nekuona kuti turakiti rekudya rinocheneswa kubva kune zvakasvibiswa nehurongwa hwekudzokororwa, nokuti ikozvino peturu haisi kupiwa kune iyo inotorwa.

Mafuta emagetsi einjini dzedhiziri

Operation ine compression ignition HFO ine yayo chaiyo yakanangana nekuomerwa kweatomization yakanaka uye yakakwira dizeli compression. Naizvozvo, midziyo yemafuta ine zvishoma zvakafanana neinjini dzepeturu.

Kuparadzanisa pombi yejekiseni uye majekiseni eyuniti

Kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro kunodiwa kune yemhando yepamusoro jekiseni mumhepo inopisa yakadzvanywa inogadzirwa ne-high-pressure fuel pumps. Zvinoenderana neiyo classical scheme, kune ayo plungers, ndiko kuti, piston pairs dzakagadzirwa nediki clearances, mafuta anopihwa ne booster pombi mushure mekunyatsocheneswa. Iyo plungers inofambiswa neinjini kuburikidza necamshaft. Iyo pombi imwechete inoita dosing nekutenderedza plungers kuburikidza negiya rack yakabatana kune pedal, uye nguva yejekiseni inotarwa nekuda kwekuenderana negetsi rekugovera shafts uye kuvapo kweakawedzera otomatiki regulators.

Imwe neimwe plunger pair inobatanidzwa ne-high-pressure fuel line kune majekiseni, ayo ari nyore mavharuvhu anotakurwa muchirimo anotungamirwa mumakamuri ekupisa. Kurerutsa dhizaini, iyo inonzi inonzi pump-injection dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa, iyo inosanganisa mabasa epamusoro-kumanikidza mafuta pombi uye sprayers nekuda kwesimba rekutyaira kubva kumacamshaft cams. Vane mapunger avo uye mavharuvhu.

Main jekiseni mhando Common Rail

Nheyo yemagetsi ekudzora ma nozzles akabatana kune yakajairika high-pressure mutsara yave yakanyanya kukwana. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane electro-hydraulic kana piezoelectric valve inovhura uye inovhara pakuraira kwechikwata chemagetsi. Basa repombi yejekiseni rinoderedzwa chete kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kunodiwa muchitima, iyo, nemusimboti uyu, inogona kuunzwa kusvika ku2000 atmospheres kana kupfuura. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kunyatso kudzora injini uye kuiisa muhutsva hwehupfu.

Kushandiswa kwemitsara yekudzorera mafuta

Mukuwedzera kune kugovera zvakananga kwemafuta kune injini yejini, dzimwe nguva kubuda kwekudzoka kunoshandiswawo kuburikidza nemutsara wakasiyana wekudzoka. Izvi zvine zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakufambisa kudzorwa kwekumanikidza munzvimbo dzakasiyana muhurongwa, kusvika kusangano rekuenderera kutenderera kwemafuta. Munguva ichangopfuura, kudzoka mutangi hakuwanzoshandiswa, kazhinji inongodiwa chete kugadzirisa matambudziko emunharaunda, semuenzaniso, kudzora ma hydraulics ejojo ​​jekiseni rakananga.