Injini nhatu dzemasilinda. Ongorora uye kushandisa

Iyo Fiat 126p yakanga ine injini-cylinder mbiri, uye zvakanga zvakakwana, nokuti maPoles akatora vana vavo kuguta, kuzororo regungwa uye kunyange kuTurkey, Italy kana France! Saka iyo matatu-cylinder vhezheni inoshoropodzwa nevazhinji vashandisi veInternet zvechokwadi kuwanda kwezviroto zvezvakatipoteredza pamusoro pezvinodiwa zvekutyaira kunyaradza?

Matatu-cylinder injini makore mashoma apfuura

Chero ani zvake akawana mukana wekutyaira 1-107 Toyota Aygo, Citroen C2005, kana Peugeot 2014 peturu motokari zvichida anoyeuka tsika ye1,0 matatu-cylinder injini. Kutyaira kure, zvaiita sokuti injini yaizoputsika, kuputika, kuputika. Chete apo injini yekumhanya yakasvika kusvika 2000 rpm ndipo iyo unit yakabuda kusvika pamwero wekuti vatyairi vakawana fungidziro yekuti vaityaira "inotsiva mota" uye kwete "yega mower". Saka ko kana data rehunyanzvi richiratidza simba rinenge 70 litres. cranked engine" yataiva nayo pakurodha. Kubva ipapo, yangu (uye vazhinji vashandisi veInternet ') kuvenga matatu-cylinder injini kwakazvarwa.

Kuderedza inzira yezvakatipoteredza, ine minzwa yakanyanyisa uye inoshungurudza

Kubva pakuwana kuderedzwa kwemafuta emafuta kwave kuve mutemo unotungamirwa nechero mugadziri, iyo nheyo yekudzikisa yakagadziridzwa, i.e. kuderedzwa kweinjini ukuru apo ichiwedzera simba rayo. Chinangwa chemhinduro iyi chaive chekudzikisa kudyiwa kwemafuta, pamwe nekudzikisa kuburitswa kweCO2.

Kuvandudzwa kweiyi sisitimu kwave kuchigoneka neakawanda epamberi masimba emagetsi, uye tekinoroji iyi yakavakirwa pane yakananga mafuta jekiseni uye turbocharger. Jekiseni rehuni rakananga rinowana yunifomu uye chaiyo atomization yemusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta mukamuri yekupisa, nerubatsiro rwekugona, uye nekutenda kune turbocharger, tinowana imwe mutsara wemagetsi curve, pasina kukurumidza kusvetuka.

Sezvineiwo, mamiriro acho akanyanya kuipa neinjini dzisina turbocharger. Kunyangwe iwo matsva ejekiseni masisitimu uye jekiseni uye mamepu ekupisa achibvumira torque ye95 Nm, iyo yatove iripo mune yakaderera rev rev, kumhanya injini kubva pakutanga kusvika 1500-1800 rpm haisati yanyanya kunakidza. Nekudaro, sekuzvirumbidza kwevagadziri, mainjiniya akakwanisa kudzikisa huwandu hunofamba mukugadzirwa kwematanda ekubatanidza achienzaniswa neapfuura matatu-cylinder injini, uye matanda ekubatanidza nemapiston ane ezasi madhairekitori akakwenenzverwa kurema zvekuti pasina kupira kunyaradza, mabharanzi shafts anowanzo shandiswa painjini anogona kubviswa aine masilinda matatu. Zvisinei, iyi idzidziso. Mumakore gumi echipiri ezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, isu tinofanira kucherechedza: injini idzi zvechokwadi dziri nani kupfuura makore makumi maviri apfuura, asi zvakadaro pane gomba chairo pakati pawo neshanduro ina-cylinder.

Neraki, mayuniti asina turbine anowanikwa chete muA-segment mota (kumusoro!, Citigo, C1) uye yakachipa B-segment shanduro, i.e. mhando dzinoshandiswa zvinyoro uye kunyanya muguta.

Kana munhu achida kuva neB-segment mota ine zvirinani kutyaira, zvino munhu anogona kutenga inodhura vhezheni yechikamu ichi, ine turbocharged injini, uye panguva imwechete ine yakakwira injini tsika (semuenzaniso, Nissan Micra Visia. + mutengo neinjini 1.0 71KM - PLN 52 uye 290 turbo 0.9 HP - PLN 90).

Matatu macylinders - turbine uye tekinoroji yemazuva ano

Nhamba yakakura kwazvo yeinjini dziripo pamusika nhasi dzine turbocharged. Panyaya yeinjini dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzeboka reVW, aya mayunitsi 1.0 ane hunyanzvi hunotevera: 90 KM, 95 KM, 110 KM uye 115 KM, muOpel idzi injini 1.0 ine 90 KM ne105 KM, uye mu nyaya yeshanduro yeboka rePSA - 1.2 PureTech zvikamu zvine simba re110 uye 130 hp Semuenzaniso wekutsvagisa kutsva, zvakafanira kutaura iyo data yedhizaini yeVW unit:

Iwo mana-vharuvhu humburumbira muinjini wakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy. Mavharuvhu anowanikwa pa21 madhigirii (inlet) kana 22,4 madhigirii (exhaust) uye anoitwa nema roller tappets. Iyo manifold exhaust inosanganisirwa mumusoro wecylinder sezvo dhizaini inobvumira mainjini kuti asvike pakunyanya kupisa tembiricha nekukurumidza. Nekuti maepoust ports anoungana mukati memusoro pakati peflange, inotonhorera inopisa nekukurumidza panguva yekutonhora kunotanga. Zvisinei, panguva yekushanda kwemazuva ose, mhepo inopera gasi inotonhora nokukurumidza, ichibvumira injini kuti dzishande neine optimum mafuta-to-air ratio ye lambda = 1. Somugumisiro, kupera kwemhepo kunoderedzwa uye kushandiswa kwemafuta kunoderedzwa.

Zvinoita sekuti, saka, tekinoroji yakanaka, asi ...

Haisi injini yese inokwana ... mota yese

Nehurombo, iyi mushandirapamwe wezvakatipoteredza wekushandiswa kwe "green standards" yakaita matatu-cylinder injini mushonga wezvose zvinorwara. Munyika dzine tsika dzakakwirira dzezvakatipoteredza kupfuura Poland (uko zvisaririra zvemotokari, zvakashanda nguva yazvo munyika dzebudiriro, zvinounzwa kunze nemaoko akazaruka pasina kudzora), mitemo yokubuda nayo inoshandiswa uye mhando itsva dzezvakatipoteredza dzinosimudzirwa kupfuura shanduro dzine kuwedzera CO2 emissions. . Zvisinei, kazhinji izvi zvinongova "mapepa".

 Onawo: Maitiro ekuchengetedza mafuta?

Ndave nemukana wekuyedza mota dzakawanda dze208-cylinder toddler dzakadai se: Up!, Citigo, Skoda Rapid, Peugeot 3, Opel Corsa, Citroen C3 neC1.0 Aircross, ndinofunga 110-cylinder injini isarudzo yakanaka kwazvo (kunyanya. turbo options). Haisi chete mota dzinonyatsoita mafuta nekupuruzira zvinyoro pane gasi pedal, asiwo kana uchityaira zvine simba, unogona kuwana mabhenefiti eturbocharging uye "kick" panguva yekumhanyisa. Uye zvakare, aya mamodheru anowanzo kutorwa seshanduro dzinoshandiswa muguta uye nekukwira kwevhiki kudiki. Ndine ndangariro dzinonyanya kunakidza dzeSkoda Rapid ine 4,7 100 KM DSG injini, yaive yakanaka nekuda kwehukuru hwemuenzaniso (wakaedzwa muzhizha pandakaisa mabhasikoro mukati), kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kutyaira. (shure kwezvose, iyi imotokari yakakura, uye yakadya 55 l / XNUMX km), uye ... XNUMX-litre mafuta tangi.

Verenga zvakare: Kuedza Mazda 6 ine SKyActiv-G 2.0 165 hp peturu injini

Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweinjini duku yetatu-cylinder mumotokari huru kusanzwisisa kwakakwana. Sezvandakayedza paSkoda Octavia 1.0 115 KM ine DSG gearbox, kutyaira hakusi kufamba kwakatsetseka kwehupfumi, asi kutanga peppy parobhoti rega rega. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neiyo yakaderera pre-turbo torque. Somugumisiro, patinenge tichityaira, tinowedzera gasi kufambisa motokari inorema, hombe uye ... hapana. Saka tinowedzera mamwe gasi, turbine inopinda mukati uye ... tinowana muyero we torque pamavhiri anoita kuti tiputse traction. Izvo zvinoratidzika kuti shanduro ine injini iyi yakanga isisina hupfumi muguta kupfuura mamwe mamodheru, asi mumugwagwa mukuru yakanga isina simba, isinganyanyi kushanduka uye ...

Ichi chikumbiro che "madiki egirini mota" sechimiro chezvishuwo zvezvakatipoteredza zvehurumende dzenyika parizvino idenda chairo. Nzira yekutsanangura sei kuti Skoda Octavia modhi inoshandisa 1.0 115K (3-cyl), 1.5 150KM uye 2.0 190KM peturu injini (245 RS inobatanidzwa nekuvakwazve kwakakosha kwezvikamu), uye muOpel Astra 1.0 105KM (3-cyl. cyl), 1.4 125 km, 14 150 km uye 1.6 200 km, nepo Peugeot 3008 SUV ine injini 1.2 130 km (3-humburumbira) uye 1.6 180 km? Kupararira kwakakura kwakadaro mukupihwa kweinjini mhedzisiro yechishuwo chekuwana yakaderera CO2 emissions uye kuwana yakanyanya-yakachipa inopa pamusika kuburikidza nekuderedzwa pane yakaderera (bepa) sarudzo. Ihwo hunhu kuti shanduro dzine isina kusimba 3-cylinder injini dzinowanzova mune zvakachipa zvemidziyo sarudzo.

Maonero emutengi

Parizvino, mhando dzine injini dzemazuva ano matatu-cylinder dzave dziri pamusika kwenguva pfupi kuti vawane maonero akawanda, asi hezvino zvimwe:

Citroen C3 1.2 82 km - Masilinda matatu anonzwika, asi ini pachangu handina hanya. Kumhanyisa ku90/100 kwakanaka uye zvakajairika. Mushure mezvose, aya angori mabhiza makumi masere nemaviri, saka usatarisire mashura. Injini idiki, iri nyore, isina compressor, saka ndinovimba ichagara iwe kwenguva refu ”;

Volkswagen Polo 1.0 75 hp - "Injini yehupfumi, inongochema pakatonhora. Muguta rakabatikana, mumigwagwa isina matambudziko, 140-150 km / h pasina kuchema ";

Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 hp - "Motokari mumugwagwa mukuru inopisa mafuta mashoma, kusiyana nekutyaira muguta, apa mhedzisiro yacho inoodza mwoyo" (zvichida, mushandisi anowanzo kutyaira akanyarara mumugwagwa mukuru - BK);

Skoda Octavia 1.0 115 hp "Inosimuka zvakanaka uye simba rakaderera. Kazhinji ndinofamba ndega, asi ndakafamba nemhuri yangu (vanhu 5) uye ndinogona kuzviita. Ndinotanga kunzwa kushaya simba pamusoro pekumhanya kwe160 km / h. CONS - ane makaro ";

Peugeot 3008 1.2 130 km "Uye iyo quintessential 1.2 Pure tech injini ine otomatiki yakatadza, uye avhareji yemafuta ekutenderera mumadhorobha i11 kusvika 12 malita mukushandiswa kwakajairika. Panjanji pa90 km / h zvinokwanisika kudzika kusvika 7,5 litres. Zvine simba nemunhu mumwe mumotokari ";

Peugeot 3008 1.2 130 km - "Injini: Kana isiri yekupisa, masimba einjini diki akadaro anogutsa."

Ecology

Sezvo motokari dzine matatu-cylinder injini dzichifanira kuva mhinduro kune zvakatipoteredza zvinoda kuderedza utsi, zvakakodzera kuyeuka chokwadi chandakawana pamusangano weIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Zvakazotaurwa kuti pakupisa 1 litre ye peturu, 2370 g yeCO₂ inoumbwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti mota dzinowedzera kushamwaridzana nemhoteredzo kana dzichishandisa mafuta mashoma. Mukuita, muguta, idzi dzichava mahybrids, uye mumugwagwa mukuru, motokari dzine injini huru dzinotyaira dzine zvishoma zvishoma (somuenzaniso, Mazda 3 ine 1.5 100-horsepower injini uye maviri-litre injini 120 hp / 165 hp. ) Nokudaro, matatu-cylinder versions inongova "basa remapepa" rinofanira kuenderana nemitemo, asi chaizvoizvo zvinotarisirwa nemumiriri wemitemo anotora mitemo uye ecology, kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kutyaira kunyaradza kunonzwa nemushandisi zvakasiyana zvikuru.

Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti haisi iyo indasitiri yemotokari ndiyo inoparadza zvakanyanya zvisikwa. Maererano ne IPCC chaiyo fungidziro, zvitubu zve CO₂ emissions munyika ndezvizvi: simba - 25,9%, indasitiri - 19,4%, masango - 17,4%, zvekurima - 13,5%, kutakura - 13,1%, mapurazi - 7,9%. , tsvina - 2,8%. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kukosha kunoratidzwa sekutakura, iyo 13,1%, inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda: motokari (6,0%), njanji, ndege uye kutumira (3,6%), uye marori (3,5%).  

Nokudaro, motokari haisi iyo inonyanya kusvibisa munyika, uye kuiswa kweinjini duku hakuzogadzirisi dambudziko rekubuda kwemhepo. Hongu, zvingava kuedza kuchengetedza imwe mari munyaya yemotokari duku dzinotyaira zvakanyanya kupoteredza guta, asi matatu-cylinder injini mumhando huru yemhuri kusanzwisisa.