Kukakavadzana pasi (kungwarira) kutonga

Tingave tichizvida kana kusazvida, chiitiko chekukwesha chinoperekedza zvese zvinofamba zvemagetsi zvinhu. Mamiriro acho haana kusiyana nejini, kureva nekubatana kwepistoni uye zvindori zvine rutivi rwomukati rwemasilinda, i.e. nehuso hwavo hwakatsetseka. Munzvimbo idzi ndimo umo kurasikirwa kukuru kubva mukukakavadzana kunokuvadza kunoitika, saka vanogadzira madhiraivha emazuva ano vari kuyedza kudzideredza zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita.

Kwete tembiricha chete                                                                                                                        

Kuti unzwisise zvizere mamiriro ezvinhu ari muinjini, zvakakwana kuti uise hutsika mukutenderera kweinjini ye spark, inosvika 2.800 K (inenge 2.527 degrees C), uye dizeli (2.300 K - inenge 2.027 degrees C). . Kupisa kwakanyanya kunokanganisa kuwedzera kwekupisa kweiyo inonzi cylinder-piston boka, rinosanganisira pistons, piston mhete uye masilinda. Iyo yekupedzisira zvakare inoremara nekuda kwekukweshana. Nokudaro, zvinodikanwa kunyatsobvisa kupisa kune inotonhora system, pamwe nekuita kuti simba rakakwana reiyo inonzi mafuta firimu pakati pepistons inoshanda mumasilinda ega.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndeye tightness.    

Ichi chikamu chinonyatsoratidza kukosha kwekushanda kweboka repiston rataurwa pamusoro apa. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti piston uye piston zvindori zvinofamba pamusoro pepamusoro pe cylinder pakukurumidza kusvika 15 m / s! Hazvishamisi ipapo kuti kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunobhadharwa kuve nechokwadi kusimba kwenzvimbo yekushanda yemasilinda. Nei zvichikosha kudaro? Imwe neimwe inodonhedza muhurongwa hwese inotungamira yakananga kukudzikira kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi ejini. Kuwedzera kwepakati pakati pepistoni nemasilinda kunokanganisawo kuora kwemamiriro ekuzora, kusanganisira iyo inonyanya kukosha nyaya, i.e. pachikamu chinowirirana chefirimu yemafuta. Kuti uderedze kukakavara kwakashata (pamwe nekupisa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe), zvinhu zvesimba rinowedzera zvinoshandiswa. Imwe yenzira itsva dziri kushandiswa kudzikisa huremu hwepistoni pachavo, kushanda mumasilinda emagetsi emazuva ano.                                                   

NanoSlide - simbi uye aluminium                                           

Ipapoka, chinangwa chadudzwa pamusoro apa chinogona sei kuwanwa mukuita? Mercedes inoshandisa, semuenzaniso, NanoSlide tekinoroji, iyo inoshandisa simbi pistons pachinzvimbo cheinowanzo shandiswa inonzi yakasimbiswa aruminiyamu. Mapistoni esimbi, achireruka (akadzika kupfuura aruminiyamu neanopfuura 13 mm), anobvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuderedza kuwanda kwe crankshaft counterweights uye kubatsira kuwedzera kusimba kwemabhengi e crankshaft uye piston inotakura pachayo. Iyi mhinduro ikozvino yave kuwedzera kushandiswa mune ese ari maviri spark ignition uye compression ignition injini. Ndeapi mabhenefiti anoshanda eNanoSlide tekinoroji? Ngatitangei kubva pakutanga: mhinduro yakatsanangurwa naMercedes inosanganisira kusanganiswa kwesimbi pistons nealuminium housings (cylinders). Rangarira kuti panguva yakajairika injini yekushanda, tembiricha yekushandisa yepiston yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura pamusoro pecylinder. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo coefficient yekuwedzera kwemutsara wearuminiyamu alloys inenge yakapetwa kaviri iyo yakakandwa iron alloys (mazhinji emasilinda anoshandiswa iye zvino uye cylinder liners anogadzirwa kubva kune yekupedzisira). Iko kushandiswa kwesimbi piston-aluminium imba yekubatanidza kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukwira kubvumidzwa kwepiston mucylinder. Iyo NanoSlide tekinoroji inosanganisirawo, sekureva kunoita zita, iyo inonzi inonzi sputtering. nanocrystalline coating pamusoro pekutakura pamusoro pe cylinder, iyo inoderedza zvakanyanya kuoma kwechiso chayo. Zvisinei, kana ari mapistoni pachawo, anogadzirwa nesimbi yakagadzirwa uye yakakwirira-yakasimba. Nekuda kwekuti ivo vakaderera pane avo aruminiyamu vamwe vavo, ivo vanoratidzirwawo nehuremu hwakaderera. Steel pistons inopa kusimba kuri nani kwenzvimbo yekushanda yecylinder, iyo inowedzera zvakananga kushanda kweinjini nekuwedzera tembiricha yekushanda mukamuri yayo inopisa. Izvi, zvakare, zvinoshandura muhutano huri nani hwemoto pachayo uye nekupisa kwakanyanya kwemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa.