Triple V, mugwagwa unomonereka unoenda kune zvikepe zvepasi peUS Navy
Bonita paCharlestown Navy Yard muBoston muna 1927 Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvishoma chikamu chemuviri wechiedza chakasungirirwa. Mufananidzo Boston Public Library, Leslie Jones Collection
Makore gumi chete mushure meUSS Holland (SS 1), ngarava yekutanga yeU.S. Navy, yakasimudzwa mureza, pfungwa yakashinga yezvikepe zvepasi pemvura inogona kushanda pamwe chete neuto remugungwa yakabuda mumakwikwi emugungwa. Zvichienzaniswa nengarava diki dzedziviriro dzemumahombekombe dziri kuvakwa panguva iyoyo, idzi ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzaifanirwa kunge dzakakura zvakanyanya, dzakashongedzerwa zviri nani, dziine huwandu hwakakura uye, pamusoro pezvose, dzinosvika kumhanya kweanopfuura 21 knots kuti ikwanise kufamba. vakasununguka muzvikwata.nezvikepe zvehondo nevafambisi vengarava.
Pakazara, 6 ngarava dzakavakwa maererano nepfungwa iyi muUSA. Kuedza kwakaitwa kukurumidza kukanganwa nezvezvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zveT-type, izvo zvakavakwa kune Hondo Yenyika I isati yasvika. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvitatu zvinotevera V-1, V-2 uye V-3 zvikepe zvinofadza kwatiri, pasinei nekukanganisa kwakawanda, zvakazova chimwe chezviitiko zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvombo zveAmerica pasi pemvura.
Zvakaoma kutanga
Zvikepe zvekutanga zvezvikepe zvepasi pemvura zvakaitwa muna Ndira 1912. Vairatidza ngarava dzine kuchinjika kwepamusoro kweanenge matani 1000, dzakashonga 4 bow torpedo tubes uye dzine huwandu hwe5000 nautical mamaira. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, kumhanya kukuru, zvese zvakabuda uye zvakanyura, zvaifanira kuva 21 knots! Hongu, izvi zvaive zvisingaite pahunyanzvi hwepanguva iyoyo, asi chiono chezvikepe zvezvikepe zvepasi pemvura zvinokurumidza uye zvine zvombo zvakakura zvakanyanya zvekuti mukupera kwegore iro vakaverengerwa mumitambo yegore negore yeNaval War College muNewport. . (Rhode Island). Zvidzidzo zvinodzidzwa mudzidziso zvinokurudzira. Zvakasimbiswa kuti ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzakarongwa, nerubatsiro rwenzvimbo dzezvimbambaira uye torpedoes, dzaizokwanisa kunetesa mauto emuvengi hondo isati yatanga. Kutyisidzirwa kwaibva pasi pemvura kwakamanikidza vatungamiri kuti vaite nokungwarira, kusanganisira. kuwedzera kwechinhambwe pakati pezvikepe, izvo, zvakare, zvakaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuisa moto wezvikamu zvakawanda pane chimwe chinangwa. Zvakaonekwawo kuti kuunganidzwa kweiyo torpedo imwe yakarova mutsara nechikepe chehondo kwakaderedza kufambisa kweboka rose, izvo zvinogona kudarika mafungu. Sezvineiwo, thesis yakaiswawo mberi kuti ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzaizokwanisa kukanganisa zvakanakira varwi vehondo panguva yehondo yegungwa.
Mushure mezvose, vadi vezvombo zvitsva vakafungidzira kuti ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzinokurumidza dzinogona kubudirira kutora mabasa ekuongorora emauto makuru, aimbove akachengeterwa vatyairi vezvikepe (scouts), izvo US Navy yaive semushonga.
Mhedzisiro ye "mafambisi emapepa" yakakurudzira US Navy General Board kuti itumire rimwe basa pane pfungwa yezvikepe zvepasi pemvura. Nekuda kwetsvagiridzo, chimiro cheramangwana rakanaka ngarava ine kusimuka kwepasi kunosvika 1000 tf, yakashongedzerwa ne 4 launchers uye 8 torpedoes, uye rwendo rwekufamba rwe2000 nm nekumhanya kwegumi nemana mapfundo akajeka. inofanira kunge iri 14, 20 kana kunyange 25 inches! Zvinangwa zveshungu izvi - kunyanya chekupedzisira, chakaitwa makore makumi mashanu chete gare gare - zvakasangana nekukahadzika kwakawanda kubva pakutanga neNavy engineering Bureau, kunyanya sezvo injini dzekupisa dziripo dzaikwanisa kusvika masendimita gumi nematanhatu kana pasi.
Sezvo ramangwana rezvikepe zvepasi pepasi pemvura pfungwa yakarembera muchiyero, rubatsiro rwakabva kune akazvimirira. Muchirimo cha1913, Lawrence Y. Speer (1870–1950), muvaki mukuru weElectric Boat Company shipyard muGroton, Connecticut, akatumira madhizaini maviri. Aya aive mayuniti makuru, achibvisa zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzeUS dzekare uye dzinodhura zvakapetwa kaviri. Pasinei nekusahadzika kwakawanda pamusoro pemagadzirirwo esarudzo akaitwa neSpear uye njodzi yese yeprojekiti yese, iyo 20 knot kumhanya yakavimbiswa neElectric Boat pamusoro "yakatengesa purojekiti". Muna 1915, kuvakwa kweiyo prototype kwakabvumidzwa neCongress, uye gore rakatevera mukukudza gamba rehondo yeSpain-America, Winfield Scott Schley (zita rakazoshandurwa kuva AA-52, uyezve kuT-1) . Mugore re1, kuvaka kwakatanga pamapatya maviri, akatanga akasarudzwa AA-1917 (SS 2) uye AA-60 (SS 3), akazotumidzwa zita rekuti T-61 uye T-2.
Zvakakodzera kutaura mazwi mashoma pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwezvikepe zvitatu izvi, izvo mumakore akazotevera zvakanzi T-zvakaumbwa, nokuti izvi zvikepe zvakakanganwa zvaive muenzaniso wekushuva, kwete kukwanisa. Iyo fusiform hull dhizaini ine kureba kwema 82 m uye yakafara 7 m ine displacement yematani 1106 pamusoro uye 1487 matani pane dhizaini. Muuta maive ne4 torpedo tubes e450 mm caliber, 4 mamwe akaiswa amidship pane 2 mabhesi anotenderera. Zvombo zveArtillery zvaisanganisira maviri 2mm L/76 cannoni pamaturrets akavanzika pazasi pedhisiki. Mhosva yakaoma yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu makumi maviri nematatu. Imwe hombe yekurovedza muviri yakatora chikamu cheshumba chehuwandu hwayo. Kushanda kwepamusoro pamusoro pepamusoro kwaifanira kupiwa ne-twin-screw system, apo shaft yega yega yega yakatenderedzwa zvakananga ne-23-cylinder diesel injini (mu tandem) ine simba re5 hp imwe neimwe. chimwe nechimwe. Tarisiro yekukurumidza uye kutenderera pasi pemvura yakanga yakaderera. Mamota maviri emagetsi ane huwandu hwakazara hwe6 hp inofambiswa nemagetsi kubva mumasero 1000 akaiswa mumabhatiri maviri. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzira kukurumidza kwenguva pfupi pasi pemvura kunosvika kupfundo 1350. Mabhatiri aichajwa achishandisa jenareta redhiziri.
