TSU pamotokari - kuisirwa, pinout, kunyoreswa nemapurisa emigwagwa uye zvimwe zvakawanda
Zviri mukati
Izvo zvakanyanya kurongeka kuisa kusarudzwa kweTSU zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemota kune nyanzvi dzenzvimbo yekutengesa iyo yakarongwa kuiswa. Vane makataiti anofunga nezvemisiyano yese mukugadzirwa kwesaiti.
Zvichabatsira kuti vatyairi vazive kuti chii chinonzi tow hitch pamota, ndeapi marudzi aripo, uye ichokwadi here kuti ikozvino neimwe ichangobva kuiswa towbar iwe unofanirwa kuenda kune mvumo kubva kumapurisa emigwagwa.
Chii chinonzi TSU pamotokari
A tow hitch (decoding of a hitch), inowanzonzi towbar neimwe nzira, mudziyo wekusungirira turera pamota. Basa rayo ndere kuendesa inertial yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka mitoro kubva pamutoro unodhonzwa kuenda kutarakita nenzira yekuti inogovaniswa zvakanyanya pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemuchina.
Kuisa hitch pamotokari
Mukuwedzera kune chikamu chemagetsi, kusungirirwa kunosanganisira kutenderera kwemagetsi. Nerubatsiro rwayo, michina yekuvhenekesa yakabatana kune-bhodhi network yemuchina:
- magetsi ekupaka;
- mira uye shandura chiratidzo;
- rezinesi plate mwenje.
Kushandisa turera ine mwenje usingashande kunorambidzwa neMitemo yeMugwagwa.
Imwe yekunze, asi isiri yakajairika kushandiswa kwetowbar ndeyekubatanidza furemu kana chikuva chekutakura mabhasikoro kuenda kwairi. Iyi nzira yekufambisa inonyanya kuwanda kuMadokero, sezvo, kusiyana nepamusoro trunk, hazviiti zvakanyanya kuipa aerodynamics yemotokari.
Mhando dzeTSU
Iyo huru kupatsanurwa kwemidziyo yekudhonza inovapatsanura kuita makirasi maviri: yakamira uye inobviswa. Kudiwa kwekubvisa chirauro kunokonzerwa nemutemo wenyika dzinoverengeka umo inorambidzwa kutyaira pasina turera ine dhizaini yakaiswa pamushini, ichibuda kunze kwezviyero zvemuviri. Chirevo chechirambidzo ichi ndechekuti mukudhumhana kwechimbichimbi nechikamu chekumashure chehull, hunhu hwekukuvara hwakanyanya zvakanyanya maererano nemhedzisiro kana kukanganisa kunowira pachiredzo chekudhonza. Naizvozvo, akati wandei emhando dzemotokari dzakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika dzinobvumira kuisirwa chete matowbars anobviswa, ayo anofanirwa kuverengerwa kana uchiasarudza.
Towbar ine hoko inobviswa
Mhando dzeHitch dzakamisikidzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana uye kuchinjika kwehitch kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri. MuRussia neCustoms Union, chiyero cheGOST R 41.55-2005 chiri kushanda, chinogadzirisa zvinodiwa zveTSU zvemarori, uye GOST 28248-89 yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu. Mhando dzinovaka dzekubatanidza dzinosangana nezviyero zvepasi rose, dzakamisikidzwa nemavara echiLatin kubva kuA kuenda kuL, pamwe neasina-standard marudzi S uye T, akaunzwa. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiwo:
- H - isinga patsanurwe welded kumota (stationary towbar inozivikanwa kune wese munhu);
- A - inobviswa zvine mamiriro pa2 mabhaudhi (kubvisa uchishandisa maturusi emaoko);
- C - inokurumidza-detachable yakatwasuka mhando, yakajairika pamotokari dzekunze kubva kuEurope;
- J - semi-trailer yechishanu vhiri pamarori.
Kune yega yega modhi, vagadziri vakasiyana vanogona kugadzira akati wandei ekubatanidza sarudzo dzakasiyana mukugadzira uye pasipoti mutoro. Hunhu hwekupedzisira hunotariswa nebvunzo dzemurabhoritari uye inokodzera chitupa chekuenderana cheTSU chemotokari dzinotakura vanhu.
Nzira yekusarudza TSU
Izvo zvinodikanwa kusarudza mudziyo wekubatanidza unozoenderana nemumwe muchina zvinoenderana nemusanganiswa wezviratidzo:
- kuenderana kwechimiro munzvimbo dzekunamatira kune muviri uye kureba kwebhora rekudhonza;
- pasipoti yekuongorora data yeyekupedzisira yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka mutoro;
- mugadziri ane zvitupa zvinodiwa kubvumira kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa ichi munharaunda yeCustoms Union nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza.
Pakuisa towbar, zvine musoro kutarisa pamhando yetirailer iyo inofanirwa kushandiswa nayo. Zvinogoneka kuti hitch iri kutengwa, kunyange yakabatanidzwa mune ino rondedzero inobvumidzwa yemota iyi, asi mitoro inodarika yayo inomisa maitiro. Ipapo traffic inova isina kuchengetedzeka.
Kunyoresa zvinodiwa nemapurisa emigwagwa
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mitemo mitsva yekunyoresa shanduko mukugadzirwa kwemotokari nemapurisa emigwagwa yakatanga kushanda muRussia. Naizvozvo, pakati pevaridzi vemotokari, nhaurirano hadzidzike pamusoro pekuti kunyoreswa kwemotokari yekudhonza yemotokari yevafambi kunodiwa muna 2020. Izvi zvinotevera kubva kumagwaro epamutemo kuti kushandura dhizaini yemuchina zvinoreva kuisa imwe mhando yegungano pairi iyo isina kupihwa nemugadziri. Kana dhizaini yechimwe chikamu yakasimbiswa kuti ishandiswe pane imwe modhi, izvi zvakanyorwawo papepa.
Mirayiridzo yemuridzi wemotokari iri nyore:
- Ita shuwa kuti bhuku remugadziri wemuchina rinotaura kuti unogona kudhonza turera. Zvitambi zvemumba zvinoburitswa nhasi zvinowanzova nezvakadai. Uyezve, ese mamodheru eUAZ atove neyakajairwa mota yekudhonza yakaiswa pafekitori, iyo isingade kunyoreswa.
- Tarisa kuti pasipoti yebharu ine chiratidzo chekuenderana kwayo nerudzi rwaunoda rwemota.
- Chitupa cheTSU chemotokari dzinotakura vanhu pakutevedzera Technical Regulations yeCustoms Union.
- Mucherechedzo kana gwaro pakugadzikwa kwehitch mumusangano, uko kuiswa kwehitch pamotokari kunobvumirana nemugadziri.
Kana aya mamiriro akazadzikiswa, kunyoreswa kweTSU yemotokari dzinotakura vanhu nemapurisa emigwagwa hazvizodikanwa. Kana pasina magwaro akadaro kana mukana wekudhonza trailer hauna kutaurwa mupepa re data, iwe uchafanirwa kuongororwa nemapurisa emumigwagwa nekugadziridzwa kwemagwaro. Sezvo maitiro aya achizoda nguva yakati wandei (mavhiki kana mwedzi yakati wandei) uye mari yakawanda, zvingava huchenjeri kubvisa hitch yakatounganidzwa, pane kutenga nekuisa yakasimbiswa.
Kuisa kwakaringana uye pinout
Sezvo kune akawanda emhando dzematowbars zvichienderana nemudziyo uye maficha ekunamatira kumuviri wemotokari, zviri nani kudzidza mirairo yemugadziri uye kuita zvinoenderana nayo. Hitch yakamira zvakanaka inogovera mutoro pamutumbi wemotokari nenzira yakakwana. Mapoinzi ekumisikidza kwayo anofanirwa kuenderana nemasimba emuviri. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekugadzirisa hitch kuburikidza newelding kana kuchera maburi matsva munzvimbo dzisina kupihwa nevagadziri vefekitori.
Dhiyagiramu yegungano
Izvo zvichave zvakafanira kwete chete kuisa ma mechanical zvikamu zvetug, asiwo kuita kuiswa kwevagadziri vemagetsi kuitira kuti usakanganise kushanda kwakajairika kwe-on-board network. Iyo pinout yeTSU yemotokari yevafambi, ndiko kuti, kubatana kwevanobatika nemagetsi ekubatanidza, inoitwa zvinoenderana neyakajairwa 7- kana 13-pini chirongwa kuitira kuti kushanda kwemidziyo yekuvhenekesa yetirakita netirakita. synchronized.
Nzira iri nyore ndeyekubatanidza towbar socket kumotokari ine bhazi remagetsi remazuva ano. Kuti uite izvi, unoda kutenga chigadziro chiri nyore - chikwata chinoenderana (smart connector). Chinangwa chayo chinoonekwa kubva pazita rekuti: kurongedza mitoro yemagetsi kubva kune vamwe vatengi (matrailer mwenje) nemutongi wemagetsi etirakita. Iyo smart connector inoshongedzerwa mapini ane "chips" ezvibatanidza, kuburikidza nazvo zviri nyore kubatanidza zvese kumota pa-board network uye kune socket yemotokari yekudhonza.
