Turbo kune wese munhu?

Kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kweinenge mota yese? Pamwe. Ingoisa turbocharger.

Mazhinji emazuva ano enjini dzedhiziri ane turbocharger. Uyu ndiwo mhedzisiro yezvinenge zvakanakira zvakafanana kana zvichishandiswa mune yekuzvitsvagisa injini - nyore dhizaini, maitiro ekuita uye nyore kutonga. Turbocharger inowanikwawo mumotokari dzevatyairi dzinopisa, kunyanya idzo dzakagadzirirwa marudzi ese emarally uye mijaho. Kune zvakare kufarira kuri kukura kune vanogadzira serial veinjini dzepeturu, sezvo vasingango wedzera simba reinjini, asi zvakare vanobatsira kuvandudza kuchena kwemagasi emhepo. Naizvozvo, zvinogoneka kuti munguva pfupi iyi michina ichaiswa pane dzimwe mota, kunyanya nekuda kwekuomeswa kwemamiriro ekunze.

Turbocharger chinhu chiri nyore - chine zvinhu zviviri zvikuru - turbine inofambiswa nemagasi emagetsi emagetsi, uye turbine compressor inofambiswa neturbine yakaiswa pane yakajairika shaft. Pamusana pesimba rakawedzerwa rezvinhu zvakashandiswa pakuvaka, ukuru hwema turbochargers hwakaderedzwa, saka vanogona kushandiswa munenge motokari imwe neimwe ine zvigadziridzo zviduku. Dambudziko, zvisinei, nderekushandisa chaiyo mudziyo kune imwe injini.

Sezvo turbocharger ichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwesimba resimba remagetsi (kusvika ka6), zvinogona kuitika kuti injini ye "tuned" haizoshande kwenguva yakareba, kana kuti ichakuvadzwa nekuputika kana mechaniki " kuwedzera” kwezvinoriumba (pistons, bushings, connecting rod). Nokudaro, kuiswa kwe "turbo" hakusi kungosangana kwechigadzirwa chinoenderana, asi kazhinji kuchinjwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvejini, semuenzaniso, camshaft. Iyo turbine pachayo inodhura kubva kune akati wandei kusvika akati wandei zviuru zvezlotys. Zviuru zvishoma zvemamwe mazloty achafanirwa kushandiswa pane yakaringana epositi yakawanda, itsva injini yekudzora chip inodhura 2 zlotys. Kushandiswa kweiyo inonzi intercooler, i.e. intercooler iyo inokutendera kuti udzikise tembiricha yemhepo yakamanikidzwa uye kuwedzera kuwedzera injini simba, iyi ndiyo imwe mari yezviuru zvakati. zloty.

Nepo mune dzidziso turbocharger inogona kuiswa kune chero injini, mamwe mainjini anogona kunge asina ichi kugona. Ese mayuniti asina kuomesesa crank masisitimu (semuenzaniso, muPolonaise kana yekare Skoda) uye isinganyatso nyatso kutonhora uye masisitimu ekuzora anonyanya kukanganiswa munzvimbo ino.

Ngwarira Vakazvarwa patsva

Turbocharger inosvika pakumhanya kwe15 - 60 zviuru. rpm (sporty kunyange kusvika ku200 rpm). Nokudaro, dhizaini yavo inofanira kunge yakanyatsojeka, uye kushanda kwavo kunoda kutevedza mitemo yakakodzera iyo inodzivirira chigadziro kubva pakuparara.

Zvinoitika kuti makambani anopa turbocharger akadaro anovatora kubva kumotokari dzakaparara. Midziyo yakadaro inoshambidzwa, kucheneswa, dzimwe nguva kugadziridzwa uchishandisa zvikamu zvisina kukodzera, uye zvozobatanidzwazve. Izvo zvisingabatsiri munyaya iyi ndeyekusagadzikana kwezvikamu zvinotenderera. Mushure mezvose, mavhiri emotokari anotenderera zvishoma (kuenzaniswa neturbine) kumhanya kwakadzikama, kutaura chinhu che rotor inotenderera nekumhanya kunopfuura 500 revolutions pasekondi. Turbocharger dzakadaro dzinogona kutengwa nemazana mashoma zlotys, asi pane mukana mukuru wekuti ivo vachakurumidza kukundikana.

Naizvozvo, yega yega yakagadzirwazve turbocharger inofanirwa kunge iine chitupa chine waranti kadhi. Iko kuvandudzwa kana kugadziriswa kweiyo turbocharger inogona kuitwa neyakagadzirirwa sevhisi sevhisi uye pamwe nemakore ane ruzivo, iyo inovimbisa sevhisi yemhando yepamusoro.

kushandiswa

Chakakosha kukosha kwekushanda kwakaringana kweturbocharger inzira inodzimwa nayo injini mushure mekunge mota yamira. Kana dhiraivha ichimhanya nekumhanya kukuru, mirira mashoma kusvika makumi akati wandei emasekonzi kusvika turbocharger rotor yekumhanyisa yadonha, wobva wadzima kubatidza. Kana iyo ignition ichidzimwa pakakwirira turbocharger kumhanya, pombi inomira kupa mafuta matsva kumabhengi, uye mafuta akasara anoramba achipisa kusvika pakupisa kukuru, kupisa uye kuparadza mabheya.

Zviratidzo zvekutadza kwe turbocharger zvinonyanya kudonha musimba reinjini uye kutaridzika kweutsi dema kana bhuruu kubva papombi yekuburitsa. Ruvara rutema runoratidza kusakwana kwekuzora uye kupiswa kwesoot, uye bhuruu inoratidza kubuda muoiri system. Kumwe kukanganisa kwakakomba kunoratidzwa nekuwedzera ruzha uye kugogodza. Muchiitiko ichi, pakarepo enda kushumiro. Panogona kuva nezvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa ndezvi:

- zvinhu zvekune dzimwe nyika mumhepo inopinza - izvi zvinotungamirira kukuvadzwa kwemashizha uye nekudaro mukurasikirwa kwechiyero che rotor, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukuputsika kwechigadzirwa chose,

- kusvibiswa kwemafuta - kunokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwemabhengi uye shaft magazini, izvo zvinotungamirawo kusaenzana kwezvinhu zvinotenderera,

- kusakwana kuwanda kwemafuta - kunobatsira kukuvadza kune mabhengi, kurasikirwa kwekusimba uye kunyange kuputika kweshaft nekuda kwekuwedzera kukweshana,

- mitumbi yekune dzimwe nyika mumagasi ekupedza (semuenzaniso nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwemavharuvhu ekutungamira, heaters) - maitiro akafanana kune miviri yekune dzimwe nyika mumhepo inotora; kukuvadzwa kune rotor yeturbine inotyaira compressor,

- yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha yemagasi ekupedza - inokonzera kupisa kwakanyanya kweiyo turbocharger, iyo inotungamira kune coking yeoiri, kukuvadzwa kweiyo turbine blades nemabhengi ayo;

- Yakawandisa exhaust pressure - inokonzeresa axial mauto anoshanda pane turbine rotor, iyo inomhanyisa kupfeka kweiyo thrust bearing uye turbocharger o-rings.

Mitengo yematurbocharger matsva inotangira pa2,5 kusvika ku4 zviuru. zloty. Chishandiso cheVolkswagen Passat 1.8 ine injini yepeturu inodhura PLN 2, yeSkoda Octavia 400 l (dhiziri) - PLN 1.9, yeBMW 2 (dhiziri) - PLN 800. Kuiswa kunodhura - kubva pa530 kusvika ku3 zviuru. PLN (mutengo unosanganisira kugadziriswa kweiyo exhaust system). Kuvandudzwa kwekutanga nekiti yekugadzirisa kunodhura PLN 800 - 7, mutengo we turbocharger mushure mekuvandudzwa unobva kuPLN 10 kusvika ku900.