Heavy tank IS-7
Heavy tank IS-7
Iyo yekumberi chikamu ndeye trihedral, senge IS-3, asi kwete zvakanyanya kuenderera mberi. Sechigadzirwa chemagetsi, chakarongwa kushandisa bhuroka yeV-16 injini dzedhiziri ine huwandu hwese hwe1200 hp. With. Kufambisa kwemagetsi kwakafanana neiyo yakaiswa paIS-6. Iwo matangi emafuta aive mune sub-injini nheyo, uko, nekuda kwemapepa epadivi ehull akarovera mukati, nzvimbo isina chinhu yakaumbwa. Zvombo zve IS-7 tank, iyo yaive ne130-mm S-26 pfuti, matatu. pfuti dzemuchina DT uye maviri 14,5 mm Vladimirov muchina pfuti (KPV), yaive mune yakakandwa flattened turret. Pasinei nehukuru hukuru - matani 65, motokari yakave yakanyatsobatana. Muenzaniso wemapuranga wakazara wetangi wakagadzirwa. Muna 1946, kugadzirwa kweimwe shanduro yakatanga, iyo yaiva nefekitari yakafanana - 260. Muchikamu chechipiri cha1946, maererano nemifananidzo yedhipatimendi rekugadzira tangi yekugadzira matangi, maviri prototypes echinhu 100 akagadzirwa muzvitoro zve Kirov Plant uye bazi rePlant No. 260. Yokutanga yavo yakaunganidzwa musi waSeptember 8 1946, yakapfuura makiromita 1000 pamatambudziko egungwa pakupera kwegore uye, maererano nemigumisiro yavo, yakasangana nehukuru hwetactical uye unyanzvi.
Iyo yakanyanya kumhanya ye60 km / h yakasvikwa, avhareji yekumhanyisa pamugwagwa wakaputsika wecobblestone yaive 32 km / h. Yechipiri sampuli yakaunganidzwa muna Zvita 25, 1946 uye yakapfuura 45 km yekuedzwa kwegungwa. Mukugadzira muchina mutsva, madhirowa anosvika chiuru nemazana mashanu akagadzirwa, mhinduro dzinopfuura makumi maviri neshanu dzakaunzwa mupurojekiti, iyo yanga isati yambosangana nayo. tangi kuvaka, masangano anopfuura makumi maviri uye masangano esainzi akabatanidzwa mukusimudzira uye kubvunzana. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwe20 hp injini. pamwe. yaifanira kuisa muIS-1200 mapatya ekuisa maviri V-7 dizeli injini kubva kumiti nhamba 16. Panguva imwecheteyo, Ministry of Transport Engineering yeUSSR (Mintransmash) yakarayira chirimwa nhamba 77 kuti ibudise injini inodiwa. . Chimiro chacho hachina kuzadzisa basa racho, uye mapatya echigadzirwa Nhamba 77 yakanonoka nenguva dzakagamuchirwa neHurumende yekutakura. Mukuwedzera, haisati yaedzwa uye yakaedzwa nemuiti. Miedzo uye kunyatsogadzirisa zvakaitwa nebazi remiti Nhamba 100 uye yakaratidza kusakwana kwayo kwakakwana kunovaka. Pasina injini inodiwa, asi ichiedza kuzadzisa basa rehurumende nenguva, chirimwa cheKirovsky, pamwe chete nechirimwa Nha. . Nekuda kweizvozvo, injini dzeTD-500 dzakaiswa pamasamples maviri ekutanga eIS-30, ayo airatidza kukodzera kwavo panguva yekuedzwa, asi nekuda kwekusangana kwakashata vaida kunyatsogadziriswa. Munguva yebasa rekugadzira magetsi, hutsva huzhinji hwakaunzwa zvishoma, uye hwakayedzwa zvishoma mumamiriro emurabhoritari: matangi emafuta erabha akapfava ane huwandu hwe300 litres, midziyo yekudzivirira moto ine otomatiki yekudziya switch yakashanda pakudziya kwe7. ° -30 ° C, ejection injini yekutonhora system. Kutapurirana kwetangi kwakagadzirwa mumhando mbiri.
Yekutanga, yakagadzirwa uye yakaedzwa muIS-7, yakanga ine giya bhokisi rinomhanya nhanhatu ine kutakura kutakura uye masynchronizers. The rotation mechanism iri mapuraneti, maviri-nhanho. Iyo control yaive ne hydraulic servos. Panguva yekuyedzwa, kutapurirana kwairatidza hunhu hwakanaka hwekudhonza, huchipa kumhanya kwemota. Yechipiri shanduro ye matanhatu-speed manual transmission yakagadzirwa pamwe chete neMoscow State Technical University yakatumidzwa zita reN. E. Bauman. Iko kutapurirana ipuraneti, 4-kumhanya, ine tig ZK inoshandura michina. Tangi kutonga inofambiswa ne hydraulic servo dhiraivha ine inovimbisa giya sarudzo. Munguva yekuvandudzwa kweiyo undercarriage, dhipatimendi redhizaini rakagadzira akati wandei sarudzo dzekumisa, dzakagadzirwa uye dzakaiswa murabhoritari inomhanyisa bvunzo pamatangi e serial uye pane yekutanga kuyedza IS-7. Kubva pane izvi, mifananidzo yekupedzisira yekushanda kwechasisi yose yakagadzirwa. Kekutanga muchivako chetangi repamba, makonye ane rubber-metal hinge, kaviri-acting hydraulic shock absorbers, mavhiri emumugwagwa ane mukati mekunzwa kuvhunduka, achishanda pasi pemitoro inorema, uye matanda ekurovera masimbi akashandiswa. A 130 mm S-26 cannon yakaiswa ine nyowani yakatsvetwa muromo brake. Chiyero chakakwirira chemoto (6 kutenderera paminiti) yakave yakasimbiswa nekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chekutakura.
Iyo IS-7 tank yaive ne7 pfuti dzemuchina: imwe 14,5-mm caliber uye matanhatu 7,62-mm calibers. tekinoroji yekune dzimwe nyika. Muenzaniso wakagadzirwa weturret gomo repfuti dzemuchina we7,62-mm dzakaiswa kumashure kweturret yetangi rekuyedza uye yakaedzwa, kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwakanyanya kwepfuti-pfuti. Pamusoro pemasamples maviri akaunganidzwa paKirov Plant uye achiedzwa mugungwa mukupera kwa1946 - kutanga kwa1947, mamwe maviri ezvombo zvehondo uye maviri turrets akagadzirwa paIzhora Plant. Aya mahull uye turrets akaedzwa nekuputika kubva ku81-mm, 122-mm uye 128-mm caliber pfuti paGABTU Kubinka nzvimbo yekudzidzira. Mhinduro dzebvunzo dzakaumba hwaro hwezvombo zvekupedzisira zvetangi idzva. Muna 1947, basa rakasimba rakanga richiitwa padhizaini Bureau yeKirov Plant kugadzira chirongwa cheshanduro yakavandudzwa yeIS-7. Iyo purojekiti yakachengetedza zvakawanda kubva kune yakatangira, asi panguva imwecheteyo, shanduko dzakawanda dzakakosha dzakaitwa kwairi. Hull yacho yakawedzera kupemha, uye turret yakawedzera kubhenda. Iyo IS-7 yakagashira mativi ehull akakomberedzwa nemugadziri G. N. Moskvin. Zvombo zvakasimbiswa, motokari yakagamuchira cannon itsva 130-mm S-70 ine dhiramu refu ye54 caliber. Iyo projectile yake inorema 33,4 kg yakasiya dhiramu nekumhanya kwekutanga kwe900 m/s. Chinhu chitsva chenguva yayo chaive chirongwa chekudzora moto. Mudziyo wekudzora moto wakave nechokwadi chekuti prism yakagadzikana yakanangwa pane chakanangana zvisinei nepfuti, pfuti yakaunzwa otomatiki kumutsara wakatsiga wekuvavarira payakapfurwa, uye pfuti yakapfurwa yega. Tangi yaive ne8 pfuti, kusanganisira mbiri 14,5 mm KPVs. Imwe hombe-caliber uye maviri RP-46 7,62-mm calibers (yemazuva ano mushure mehondo shanduro yeDT muchina pfuti) yakaiswa mujasi repfuti. Mamwe maviri RP-46s aive pazvivharidzo, mamwe maviri, akadzokera kumashure, akabatanidzwa kunze pamwe nemativi echikamu cheshure cheshongwe. Pfuti dzese dziri kuretu.
Zvombo zvaisanganisira makumi matatu ekurodha akaparadzana, mazana mana ematenderedzwa e30 mm uye 400 e14,5 mm. Kune yekutanga samples yeIS-2500, pamwe neResearch Institute yeArtillery Weapons, kekutanga muchivako chetangi repamba, ejector akagadzirwa nemapuleti ezvombo akashandiswa. Uyezve, mhando shanu dzakasiyana dzeejector dzakaitwa bvunzo dzekutanga pazvimire. Iyo inertial yakaoma jira sefa yemhepo yakaiswa nematanho maviri ekuchenesa uye otomatiki kubviswa kweguruva kubva muhopi uchishandisa simba remagasi emhepo. Kugona kwematangi emafuta anochinjika, akagadzirwa nejira rakakosha uye anoshingirira kumanikidza kusvika 7,62 atm., Yakawedzerwa kusvika 7 malita. Shanduro yekufambisa yakaiswa, yakagadzirwa muna 1946 pamwe chete neMVTU im. Bauman. Iyo yepasi pengoro yaisanganisira mavhiri emugwagwa mahombe faramita manomwe padivi uye yakanga isina ma roller ekutsigira. Maroller acho aive akapetwa kaviri, aine mukati mecushion. Kuti uvandudze kutsetseka kwekufamba, kaviri-acting hydraulic shock absorbers yakashandiswa, iyo piston yaive mukati meiyo yekumisa balancer. Izvo zvinotyisa zvakagadziriswa neboka remainjiniya pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaL. 3. Schenker. Mboro yakafara 710 mm yakanga yakakanda bhokisi-chikamu chetrack links ine hinge yesimbi yerabha. Kushandiswa kwavo kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera kusimba uye kuderedza ruzha rwekutyaira, asi panguva imwechete dzakaoma kugadzira.
Iyo otomatiki yekudzima moto sisitimu yakagadzirwa neM.G.Shelemin yaive nemasensa uye zvekudzimisa moto zvakaiswa muinjini-yekutumira compartment, uye yakagadzirirwa kuchinjika katatu kana moto. Muzhizha ra1948, chirimwa cheKirovsky chakagadzira ina IS-7s, iyo, mushure mekuedzwa kwefekitari, yakaendeswa kuhurumende. Iyo tangi yakaita simba rakasimba kune nhengo dzekomiti yekusarudza: nehukuru hwematani makumi matanhatu nesere, motokari yakasvika nyore kumhanya ye68 km / h, uye yakanga ine unyanzvi hwakanaka hwekuyambuka. Dziviriro yake yezvombo panguva iyoyo yakanga isingachinjiki. Zvakwana kutaura kuti IS-60 tangi yakadzivirira kuvharwa kwete chete kubva 7-mm German cannon, asiwo kubva kune yayo 128-mm pfuti. Kunyanguvezvo, bvunzo dzacho dzakanga dzisiri dzechimbichimbi. Saka, panguva yeimwe mabhomba panzvimbo yekupfura, projectile, ichitsvedza parutivi rwakakombama, yakarova chivharo chekumisa, uye icho, sezviri pachena chisina kusimba, chakadonhera pasi pamwe neroller. Munguva yekumhanya kweimwe motokari, injini, iyo yakanga yatoshanda kunze kwewaranti nguva panguva yekuedzwa, yakabata moto. Iyo yekudzima moto system yakapa mazhenje maviri kuti aite moto, asi haana kukwanisa kudzima moto. Vashandi vakasiya motokari uye yakatsva zvachose. Asi, pasinei nekutsoropodza kwakawanda, muna 1949 mauto akapa Kirov Plant murairo wekugadzira boka rematangi makumi mashanu. Murairo uyu hauna kuzadzikiswa nezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi. Iyo Main Armored Directorate yakapomera chirimwa ichi, icho, mukuona kwayo, munzira dzese dzakanonoka kugadzirwa kwemidziyo nemidziyo inodiwa pakugadzirwa kwakawanda. Vashandi vomufekitari vakanongedzera kumauto, ayo “akacheka kusvikira afa” motokari yacho, achida kuderedza uremu kusvika kumatani 50. Chinhu chimwe bedzi chinozivikanwa nokuda kwechokwadi, hapana neimwe yemotokari 50 dzakaodha yakasiya shopu dzefekitari. Maitiro ekuita kweinorema tank IS-7
Kune tangi nyowani, Kirov Plant yakagadzira nzira yekurodha yakafanana neyekumisikidzwa kwemugungwa, yaive nemagetsi dhiraivha uye zvidiki zvidiki, izvo, pamwe nemhedzisiro yekuyedza turret nekukanda uye zvakataurwa neGABTU komisheni, zvakaita kuti zvikwanise gadzira imwe inonzwisisika turret maererano neprojekiti kuramba. Vashandi vacho vaiva vanhu vashanu, vana vaiva mushongwe. Mukuru akanga ari kurudyi kwepfuti, pfuti iri kuruboshwe uye ma loader maviri kumashure. Vanotakura vakadzora pfuti dzemuchina dziri kumashure kweshongwe, pane mafenda uye hombe-caliber muchina pfuti pane anti-ndege pfuti. Sechisimwa chemagetsi pashanduro itsva yeIS-7, serial marine 12-cylinder dizeli injini M-50T ine simba re1050 litres yakashandiswa. With. pa1850 rpm. Akanga asina akaenzana munyika maererano nehuwandu hwezviratidzo zvehondo huru. Iine huremu hwekurwa hwakafanana nehweGerman "King Tiger", iyo IS-7 yaive yakakwirira zvakanyanya kune iyi yakasimba uye inorema tangi yekugadzira yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, yakagadzirwa makore maviri apfuura, zvese maererano nekudzivirira kwezvombo uye. zvombo. Inoramba ichingozvidemba kuti kugadzirwa iyi yakasarudzika mota yekurwa haina kumboiswa. Sources:
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Pakupera kwa1944, dhizaini yedhizaini yeExperimental Plant No. 100 yakatanga kugadzira tangi nyowani inorema. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti muchina uyu waizosanganisira ruzivo rwese rwakawanikwa mukugadzira, kushanda uye kurwisa kushandiswa kwematangi anorema panguva yehondo. Asina kuwana rutsigiro kubva kuPeople's Commissar yeTangi Indasitiri V.A.Malyshev, mutungamiriri uye mukuru mugadziri wechirimwa, Zh. Ya. Kotin, akatendeukira kumukuru weNKVD L.P. Beria kuti abatsirwe.
Pamusoro pedenga reshongwe padanda rakakosha, yechipiri hombe-caliber muchina pfuti yakaiswa, ine synchronous-tracking kure kure yemagetsi kutungamira dhiraivha yakaedzwa patangi rekuyedza rekutanga, iro rakaita kuti zvibvirire kupfura pazvose zviri zviviri mhepo nepasi. pasina kusiya tangi. Kuti vawedzere moto, vagadziri vechirimwa cheKirov pachavo vakagadzira shanduro yakagadzirwa (1x14,5-mm uye 2x7,62-mm) anti-aircraft machine gun gomo.
