Carrier Killers Vol. Poshi
Missile cruiser Moskva (yaimbova Slava), iyo mureza weBlack Sea Fleet yeRussian Federation, maonero azvino. Zviyero zvechikwata, uye kunyanya "mabhatiri" eBazalt rocket launcher, anofadza vasiri nyanzvi, asi hazvisi chakavanzika kune ani zvake kuti chikepe uye zvombo zvayo zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa muzvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose kupfuura zvemazuva ano. Nemasisitimu edziviriro emhepo emazuva ano, vafambisi veProjekti 1164 uye chombo chavo chikuru nhasi vanongori "mapepa etiger".
Mauto emugungwa eRussian Federation ave mumvuri weaimbova simba reSoviet Navy. Pasinei nekuedza kweindasitiri yekuvaka ngarava nevagadziri vezvombo zvemugungwa, Moscow ikozvino inokwanisa kukwanisa kuwanda kwekuvaka kwema corvettes, kunyangwe isiri iyo inonyanya kushanda. Economic zvirango, kuchekwa-kubviswa kubva kune vanobatana uye kukanganiswa kweiyo yaichimbova Soviet republics - kunyanya Ukraine, yakarasika ruzivo rwemagadzirirwo emahofisi, kushaikwa kwezvikepe zvine hwaro hwakakodzera hwehunyanzvi, kana, pakupedzisira, kushaikwa kwemari. kumanikidza zviremera zveKremlin kuti zvitarisire zvikepe izvi zvakakura zvenguva yakapfuura, zvichirarama nenzira inoshamisa parizvino.
Zvikepe zvemazuva ano zvakabva pazvikepe zvecruiser-class. Kunyangwe iyo US Navy yakabvisa mamwe eTiconderoga-class mauniti, ayo achiri akaderera muhukuru kune azvino Arleigh Burke-kirasi muparadzi akasiyana. Zvimwe "zvisina kurongeka" zvitatu zvakakura 16 toni Zumwalt-class vaparadzi vangadai vakanzi sevafambisi vengarava, asi izvi hazvina kuitika. Nhamba dzake dzinongosimbisa thesis pakuvira kwezuva kwemauto makuru ehondo (hatisi kutaura nezvevatakuri vendege, nekuti hapana).
Panyaya yeRussia, iyo inochengeta zvikamu zvekare zvekirasi iyi, iyo nyukireya-powered Project 1144 Orlan, kana gasi turbine yavo ine diki kutamiswa, Project 1164 Atlant zvikepe zvehukuru hwakafanana, zvakanakira kushanda kwegungwa uye kubhururuka kwemureza. Nokudaro, hukuru hwemazuva ano hwe "Admiral Nakhimov" (ex-Kalinin) huri kuitwa maererano neprojekti 11442M, iyo inotungamirirwa nekugadziridza kunodiwa kwekufamba kwechikwata pachayo ... Zvechokwadi, zvitsva zvitsva. yezvombo uye zvemagetsi, kusanganisira yakanyanya "media" missile system 3K14 "Caliber-NK". Kune rimwe divi, matatu eProjekti 1164 cruisers ari muchimiro chiri nani uye, achichipa kushanda nekuchengetedza, achiri kukwezva kutarisisa kwevanogona kupikisa, asi nechekare nekuda kwehukuru hwavo, uye kwete yavo chaiyo yekurwa kukosha.
Kuonekwa muNavy yevafambisi vezvombo zveSoviet Union, vakapakata zvombo zvinokandwa zvinokandwa, zvakabatanidzwa nekudikanwa kwekuzadzisa rimwe remabasa ayo makuru - kudiwa kwekuparadza vatakuri vendege uye zvimwe zvikepe zvakakura zvepasi "anogona muvengi. "Nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kana kuine hondo izwi rinoshandiswa kurondedzera United States nevabatsiri vayo veNATO.
Chakanga chiri chinhu chekutanga ichi chakagadzwa pakati pemakore ekuma50 apo mutungamiri weSoviet panguva iyoyo Nikita Khrushchev akadana vatakuri vendege vekuAmerica "nhandare dzendege dzechisimba." Sezvo iyo USSR yaisagona, nekuda kwehutera hwayo hwehupfumi uye tekinoroji uye kumashure kwemaindasitiri, kurwisa ivo nerubatsiro rwekubhururuka kwayo, mhinduro yeasymmetric yakasarudzwa muchimiro chekuvandudzwa kwezvikepe zvegungwa zvinokatyamadza uye nzvimbo yavo. uye vatakuri vepasi pemvura.
Varyag (yaimbova Krasnaya Ukraina) inopisa 4K80 P-500 Bazalt anti-mole missile, chombo chikuru che "mhondi dzinotakura ndege". Maererano nekumwe tsvagiridzo, iyo Wariaga yaive yakashongedzerwa neiyo nyowani P-1000 Wulkan system.
Soviet nzira kune missile cruiser
Mamiriro ezvinhu ari pamusoro apa, pamwe nekuregererwa neSoviet mauto-zvematongerwo enyika hutungamiri hwekugona kwezvombo zvezvombo, zvakatungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti vakatanga kugadzirwa zvakanyanya muU.SR muma50-60s. Mahofisi matsva ekugadzira uye mabhizinesi ekugadzira akagadzirwa, akatanga kugadzira masisitimu matsva ane huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, kusanganisira, hongu, yeVMU.
Kunze kwezve midziyo muna 1955 ye artillery cruiser dhizaini 68bis Admiral Nakhimov pasi peprojekiti 67EP muchikepe chekuyedza chakashongedzerwa nekuyedza launcher chinokutendera kuti uvhure KSS missile ndege, yekutanga yeSoviet pamusoro pengarava inotakura anti-missile dziviriro. - muparadzi wepurojekiti yakanga iri chikepe chinotungamirirwa nechikepe chekudzivirira chombo.56
Ngarava iyi yakashandurwa muna 1958 kuita missile unit pasi peprojekti 56E, uyezve 56EM, paShipadhi rakatumidzwa zita iri. 61 Communards muNikolaev. Pakazosvika 1959, zvikepe zvakagamuchira zvimwe zvitatu zvinoparadza zvombo, zvakavakwazve maererano neprojekti yakagadziridzwa zvishoma 56M.
Sezvakaitika kune veBedovs, pfuti yavo huru yaive imwe chete inotenderera yekuvhura SM-59 (SM-59-1) ine truss njanji yekupfura mapfuti anorwisa ngarava 4K32 "Pike" (KSSzcz, "Ship projectile pike") R. -1. iyo Strela system uye chitoro chezvipfuyo zvitanhatu (mumamiriro ekurwa, mamwe maviri anogona kutorwa - imwe yakaiswa mudura, imwe iri pamberi pekutanga KP, ichibvumirana nekudzikira kwekuchengetedza uye mamiriro ekugadzirira zvombo zvinokandwa) .
Mushure mekutumirwa muna 1960-1969 kwevaparadzi vasere veProjekti 57bis, yakavakwa kubva pakutanga sevatakuri vezvombo, vaine maviri SM-59-1 anovhura uye zvakapetwa kaviri kugona kwema missile yeProjekti 56E/EM/56M, Soviet Navy yaive nevaparadzi gumi nevaviri. (kubvira Chivabvu 12, 19 - zvikepe zvakakura zvekupotsera) zvinokwanisa kurova nzvimbo huru dzevavengi kunze kwenzvimbo yekuparadza zvombo zvake zvemoto (zvechokwadi, kunze kwendege).
Zvisinei, munguva pfupi - nekuda kwekukurumidza kuchembera kwezvombo zveKSSzcz (zvakakweretwa kubva kuGermany kubudirira munguva yeHondo Yenyika II), mwero wakaderera wemoto, nhamba shomanana yezvombo mu salvo, kukanganisa kukuru kwemidziyo, nezvimwewo. The 57bis series of zvikepe zvakamiswa. Tichifunga nezve budiriro ine simba muUSA uye neNATO nyika dzemazuva ano dzinofambiswa nemhepo dziviriro yemhepo, kusanganisira missile dziviriro, hombe uye yechinyakare KSSzch, inoda kurodhazve kwemaminetsi mapfumbamwe kweanovhura uye kugadzirira kupfura zvakare (pre-launch control. , gungano remapapiro, kuwedzera, kuisa pamutungamiri, nezvimwewo d.), pakanga pasina mukana wekubudirira kurova chinangwa mumamiriro ekurwa.
Imwe nhevedzano yezvikepe zvepamusoro zvakagadzirirwa kurwisa vatakuri vendege vaive Project 58 Grozny missile vaparadzi (kubvira Gunyana 29, 1962 - missile cruisers), vakabata maviri SM-70 P-35 anti-ship missiles quad launchers, zvakare inofambiswa neinjini yemafuta turbojet. , asi inokwanisa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu mumamiriro emafuta. Musoro wehondo waisanganisira zvombo zvinokandwa gumi nenhanhatu, zvisere zvacho zviri muzvombo zvinokandwa, uye zvimwe zvacho muzvitoro (zvina pazvibodzwa).
Paunenge uchipfura mumhepo ine mapfumo masere eR-35, mukana wekurova chimwe chazvo pane chinangwa chikuru muboka rakarwiswa rezvikepe (mutakuri wendege kana imwe ngarava yakakosha) wakawedzera zvakanyanya. Zvakadaro, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwakawanda, kusanganisira iyo isina simba yekudzivirira yeProjekti 58 cruisers, iyo nhevedzano yakaganhurwa kune ina ngarava (kunze kwegumi nematanhatu zvakarongwa pakutanga).
Mauniti emhando dzese idzi akatamburawo kubva kune imwe, asi dhizaini yakakosha - kuzvitonga kwavo kwaive kudiki kwazvo pakutevera kwenguva refu kweboka rekurova nemutakuri wendege panguva yekufamba kwayo, kunyanya kana zvaive zvakakosha kuperekedza mutakuri wendege yenyukireya kune akati wandei. mazuva akatevedzana kuita retreat maneuver. . Izvi zvaive zvakapfuura kugona kwezvikepe zvemuparadzi zvakakura.
Nzvimbo huru yekukwikwidzana pakati pezvikepe zveUSSR neNATO mu60s yaive Gungwa reMedithera, uko 14th Operational Squadron yeVMP (Mediterranean) yakashanda kubva muna Chikunguru 1967, 5, yaisanganisira 70-80 ngarava kubva pakati. zvikepe zveGungwa Dzvuku, Baltic neNorthern fleets. Pakati peizvi, anenge makumi matatu ezvikepe zvehondo: 30-4 nyukireya dzepasi pemvura uye anosvika gumi emagetsi edhiziri epasi pemvura, 5-10 ngarava inorova mapoka (kana mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera kana kupfuura), boka re trawl, vamwe vese vaive vemauto ekuchengetedza. (wekishopu, matangi, zvekukweva gungwa, nezvimwewo) .
Hondo yeUnited States yaisanganisira 6th Fleet muGungwa reMediterranean, yakagadzirwa munaJune 1948. Mu70-80s. inosanganisira 30-40 zvikepe zvehondo: zvikepe zviviri zvendege, helikopta, zvikepe zviviri zvinokandwa, 18-20 zvikepe zvekuperekedza zvakasiyana-siyana, 1-2 ngarava dzepasi rose uye dzinosvika matanhatu-chinangwa ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Kazhinji, rimwe boka revanotakura raishanda munzvimbo yeNaples, uye rimwe muHaifa. Kana zvichidiwa, maAmerica akatamisa zvikepe kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemitambo kuenda kuMediterranean. Mukuwedzera kwavari, kwaivawo nezvikepe zvehondo (kusanganisira vatakuri vendege uye nyukireya dzepasi pemvura), pamwe chete nendege dzepasi kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzeNATO, kusanganisira Great Britain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany neNetherlands. kushanda nesimba munzvimbo iyi.
