Bvisa mutsara wekodhi yerufu

Tsime rehudiki hwaHerodotus, Ovid's Cuman Sibyl, ngano yaGilgamesh - pfungwa yekusafa yakadzika midzi mukuziva kwekusika kwevanhu kubva pakutanga. Mazuva ano, nokuda kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runofambira mberi, pwere isingafi ingakurumidza kubuda munyika yengano ndokupinda muchokwadi.

Mutsivi wechiroto ichi uye ngano, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Movement 2045, yakavambwa muna 2011 neRussian billionaire Dmitry Ichkov. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuita kuti munhu asafa nenzira dzehunyanzvi - kutaura zvazviri, nekuendesa pfungwa nepfungwa kune zvakatipoteredza zviri nani kupfuura muviri wemunhu.

Kune nzira ina huru idzo sangano rinofamba mukuedza kuwana kusafa.

Yekutanga, yaanodaidza kuti Avatar A, yakagadzirirwa kupa kudzora kure kwehuropi hwemunhu nerobhoti yehunoid kuburikidza nekushandisa brain-computer interface (BKI). Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zvave zvichibvira kudzora marobhoti nesimba rekufunga kwemakore mazhinji.

Avatar B, panzvimbo yekudzora kure kure nemuviri, inotsvaga kuiswa kweuropi mumuviri mutsva. Iko kune kunyange nekambani yeNectome inopa kuunganidza uye kuchengetwa kwehuropi kuitira kuti ivamutsire mune ramangwana mune zvitsva zvekuputira, biological kana muchina, kunyange ichi chatova danho rinotevera, iro rinonzi. kusajairika.

Avatar C inopa zvizere otomatiki muviriumo uropi (kana zviri mukati-zvakarekodhwa mukati) zvinogona kutakurwa.

Iyo 2045 movement inotaurawo nezve Avatar D, asi iyo ipfungwa isina kujeka.pfungwa dzisina nyaya"Zvichida chimwe chinhu chakafanana nehologram.

2045 gore (1), senguva yekutanga kwenzira ye "kusafa panguva imwechete", inobva pakufunga kweakakurumbira futurist Ray Kurzweil (2), izvo zvatakataura kanopfuura kamwe muMT. Hakusi kungofungidzira here? Zvichida, asi izvi hazvitisununguri kubva kumibvunzo - chii chatinoda uye izvi zvinorevei kune mumwe nomumwe uye nemarudzi ose ehomo sapiens?

Cuman Sybilla, anozivikanwa semuenzaniso. kubva kumabasa aOvid, akakumbira hupenyu hurefu, asi kwete hudiki, izvo zvakazoita kuti atuke kusingaperi kwake sezvaaikura uye akagomara. Mune zviono zvemberi zvehumwe, kana paine kubatanidzwa kwevanhu-muchina, zvingave zvisina basa, asi kuedza kwazvino kwekuwedzera hupenyu, zvichibva pabiotechnology, kutenderera kune dambudziko rekuchembera uye kuedza kudzosera maitiro aya..

Silicon Valley haidi kufa

Mabhirioni eSilicon Valley, anowana mari yekutsvagisa nzira uye matanho ekurwisa kuchembera nekufa, anoita seanobata iri dambudziko rehunyanzvi serimwe dambudziko rinogona kugadzirwa uye kurongwa kuti ribudirire kuwana mhinduro.

Zvisinei, kutsunga kwavo kunoshorwa zvikuru. Sean Parker, muvambi weNapster ane nharo uye ipapo mutungamiri wekutanga we Facebook, akanyevera makore maviri apfuura kuti kana zviroto zvemabhiriyoni zvekusafa zvikazadzika, kusiyana kwemari uye kuwana nzira dzekuwedzera hupenyu zvinogona kutungamirira mukudzikamisa kusaenzana uye kubuda kwe "chikoro chisingafi". izvozvo zvingatorera vanhu vazhinji, vasingagoni kuwana kusafa.

Co-muvambi weGoogle Sergey Brin, Oracle CEO Larry Ellison Oraz Elon Musk zvisinei, ivo vari kugara vachiisa mari mumapurojekiti ane chinangwa chekuwedzera avhareji yehupenyu hwevanhu kusvika ku120 uye dzimwe nguva makore XNUMX. Kuti vabvume kuti vachafa kubvuma kukundwa.

"Pandinonzwa vese vanoti kufa ndekwechisikigo uye chikamu chehupenyu, ndinofunga kuti hapana chingave kure kubva kuchokwadi," PayPal co-muvambi uye investor akadaro muna 2012. Peter Thiel (3) paBusiness Insider webhusaiti.

Kwaari, uye kune vakawanda vakaita saiye, silicon yakapfuma, "rufu idambudziko rinogona kugadziriswa."

Muna 2013, Google yakatanga kambani yayo yeCalico (California Life Company) nemupiro wemadhora bhiriyoni. Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezvezviitwa zvekambani. Isu tinoziva kuti inoteedzera hupenyu hwemakonzo erabhoritari kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pakufa, ichiedza kuona "biomarkers" emakemikari ane chekuita nekukwegura. Ari kuedzawo kugadzira zvinodhaka, kusanganisira. kurwisa chirwere cheAlzheimer.

Mamwe emazano ekuwedzera hupenyu, zvisinei, anonzwika senharo kutaura zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, kwatova nemakambani mazhinji anomhanya kudzidza nezvemigumisiro yokuwedzerwa ropa kubva kune vechidiki, vanhu vane hutano (kunyanya avo vane makore 16-25) kupinda muropa revakwegura vakapfuma. Iye ambotaurwa Peter Thiel sezviri pachena akafarira nzira idzi, achitsigira yekutanga Ambrosia (4) Nguva pfupi mushure mekufarira mune iyi "vampirism", iyo U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yakaburitsa chirevo chekuti nzira idzi "hadzina kiriniki inobatsira" uye "inongokuvadza."

Nekudaro, iyo nomen omen pfungwa haisi kufa. Muna 2014, muongorori weHarvard Amy Wagersakagumisa kuti zvinhu zvine chokuita neropa duku, kunyanya mapuroteni GDF11, ipai mbeva dzakura dzibate zvakasimba uye dzisimudzire pfungwa dzadzo. Izvi zvakasangana nokutsoropodzwa kwakapararira, uye miuyo yakapiwa yakabvunzwa. Iyo kambani Alkahest inozivikanwa zvakare kubva mukuongororwa kweropa, iyo yaitsvaga mapuroteni cocktails muropa replasma yezvirwere zvezera rekukura, senge chirwere cheAlzheimer.

Imwe nharaunda yetsvagiridzo ndeye nhoroondo, iyo yakabatana ne (kwete chokwadi) Iyo Ngano yeFrozen Walt Disney. Muchirevo chekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano pamusoro pemigumisiro yekushisa kwakadzika

Zita raThiel rinobuda zvakare, uye anoda kupa mari kumakambani anoita tsvakiridzo yerudzi urwu. Uye hazvisi zvekutsvaga chete - kwatove nemakambani mazhinji anopa chando service, semuenzaniso, iyo Alcor Life Extension Foundation, iyo Cryonics Institute, Yakamiswa Animation kana KrioRus. Mutengo wesevhisi yakadai yeAlcor Life Extension Foundation ingangoita PLN 300. PLN nemusoro chete kana kupfuura 700 zviuru nokuda kwomuviri wose. 

Kurzweil i Aubrey de Gray (5), Cambridge bioinformatics sainzi uye biogerontologist-theorist, muvambi weSENS Foundation uye co-muvambi weMethuselah Foundation, ane chirongwa chechiitiko chimwechete kana basa rekusafa risingafambire mberi nekukurumidza sezvaunoda. Pavanofa, vanozoomeswa nechando munitrogen yemvura nemirayiridzo yekuvamutsa chete kana sainzi yave kugona kusafa.

Nyama yekusingaperi kana kusafa mumotokari

Masayendisiti anobatanidzwa mukuwedzera kwehupenyu anotenda kuti kuchembera hachisi chinangwa chekushanduka-shanduka kwemarudzi sezvo mhindumupindu isingagadzirise dambudziko iri zvachose. Takaitwa kuti tirarame kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti tipfuure majini edu - uye chii chinotevera chinotevera hazvina basa. Kubva pakuona kwekushanduka-shanduka, kubva pazera remakore makumi matatu kana makumi mana, tiripo pasina chinangwa chaicho.

Vazhinji vanonzi zviratidzo zvembwa anoona kuchembera kwete senzira yehupenyu asi yemuviri, serudzi rwe entropy inoparadza zvinhu, semichina. Uye kana tiri kubata nemhando yemuchina, hazvingaite sekombuta here? Zvichida zvakakwana kuivandudza, kuwedzera mikana, kuvimbika uye nguva yewaranti?

Kutenda kuti chinofanira kunge chiri chinhu chakaita sechirongwa chakaoma kuzunungusa kubva kune algorithmically inofambiswa pfungwa dzeSilicon Valley. Zvinoenderana nepfungwa yavo, zvakakwana kururamisa kana kuwedzera kodhi kuseri kwehupenyu hwedu. Zvakabudirira sevaongorori veColumbia University vakazivisa muna Kurume kuti vaive vanyora komputa yese yekushandisa muDNA network inongosimbisa kutenda uku. Kana DNA richingova dhairekitori hombe remagwaro ose anotsigira upenyu, nei dambudziko rorufu risingagoni kugadziriswa nemitoo inozivikanwa nesayenzi yekombiyuta?

Vasingafi vanowanzowira mumisasa miviri. Wokutanga "nyama" chikamuinotungamirwa neambotaurwa de Grey. Anotenda kuti tinokwanisa kugadzirisa biology yedu uye kugara mumiviri yedu. Bapiro rechipiri ndiro rinonzi Robokopi, inotungamirirwa naKurzweil, ichitarisira kuti pakupedzisira inobatanidza kumashini uye / kana gore.

Kusafa kunoratidzika kuva chiroto chikuru uye chisinganeti uye chishuvo chorudzi rwomunhu. Asi ndizvo chaizvo here?

Gore rakapera geneticist Nir Barzilai yakaratidza gwaro rehupenyu hurefu, uye ndokubvunza mazana matatu evanhu muhoro:

"Muzvisikwa, kurarama kwenguva refu uye kubereka dzimwe nzira," akadaro. - Ungada here kusarudza kuvapo kusingaperi, asi pasina kubereka, kubereka vana, rudo, nezvimwewo, kana sarudzo, semuenzaniso, makore 85, asi muhutano hunogara huripo uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvinoda kusafa?

Chete 10-15 vanhu vakasimudza maoko avo yekutanga sarudzo. Vamwe vose vakanga vasingadi chisingagumi pasina chinhu chiri chose vanhu vazhinji.