Kupisa chaiko kwekutsva kweparafini

Iyo huru thermophysical maitiro eparafini

Kerosene ndiyo distillate yepakati pepetroleum refine process, inotsanangurwa sechikamu chemafuta asina kukora anovira pakati pe145 ne300°C. Kerosene inogona kuwanikwa kubva pakunyungudutswa kwemafuta asina kuchena (parafini yakatwasuka) kana kubva pakatsemuka hova dzemafuta anorema (parafini yakatsemuka).

Crude parafini ine zvimiro zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kusanganiswa neakasiyana ekuwedzera ekuwedzera ayo anotarisisa mashandisiro ayo mumhando dzakasiyana dzekutengesa, kusanganisira mafuta ekufambisa. Kerosene musanganiswa wakaoma wemapazi uye wakatwasuka cheni makomisheni ayo anogona kazhinji kukamurwa kuita makirasi matatu: parafini (55,2% nehuremu), naphthenes (40,9%) uye aromatics (3,9%).

Kuti zvishande, mhando dzese dzeparafini dzinofanirwa kuve nekupisa kwakanyanya kunobvira kwekupisa uye chaiyo yekupisa huwandu, uye zvakare inoratidzwa neyakasiyana siyana yetembiricha yekubatidza. Kumapoka akasiyana-siyana eparafini, zviratidzo izvi ndezvi:

• Kupisa chaiko kwekupisa, kJ/kg - 43000±1000.
• autoignition tembiricha, ⁰C, kwete pasi - 215.
• Kunyanya kupisa simba reparafini pane tembiricha yekamuri, J / kg K - 2000 ... 2020.

Hazvibviri kunyatsoona yakawanda ye thermophysical parameters yeparafini, sezvo chigadzirwa pachacho hachina makemikari anogara aripo uye anotarirwa nemaitiro emafuta epakutanga. Mukuwedzera, kuwanda uye viscosity yeparafini zvinoenderana nekupisa kwekunze. Zvinongozivikanwa kuti sezvo tembiricha inosvika munzvimbo yekupisa kwakagadzikana kwechigadzirwa chemafuta, iyo chaiyo yekupisa simba reparafini inowedzera zvakanyanya: pa200.⁰Nayo yatova 2900 J / kg K, uye pa270⁰C - 3260 J/kg K. Saizvozvo, iyo kinematic viscosity inoderera. Iko kusanganiswa kweaya ma paramita anotaridza kunaka uye kwakagadzikana kupisa kweparafini.

Kutevedzana kwekuona kupisa chaiko kwekupisa

Iyo chaiyo calorific kukosha kweparafini inogadzirisa mamiriro ekubatidza kwayo mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana - kubva kune injini kuenda kumashini ekucheka parafini. Muchiitiko chekutanga, iyo yakanyanya kusanganiswa ye thermophysical parameters inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvinowanzoiswa kune imwe neimwe yemasanganiswa emafuta. Aya machati anogona kushandiswa kuongorora:

1. Iyo yakakwana chiyero chemusanganiswa wezvigadzirwa zvinopisa.
2. Iyo adiabatic tembiricha yemoto unopisa.
3. Avhareji yema molecular huremu hwezvigadzirwa zvinopisa.
4. Yakananga kupisa chiyero chezvigadzirwa zvinopisa.

Iyi data inodiwa kuti uone kumhanya kwemagasi ekupedza anoburitswa kubva mujini, iyo inotaridza kumhanyisa kweinjini.

Iyo yakakwana yehutsi musanganiswa reshiyo inopa yakanyanya kusimba simba rekusimudzira uye ibasa rekumanikidza uko injini inoshanda. Injini ine high combustion chamber pressure uye yakaderera exhaust pressure ichava nepamusoro-soro musanganiswa reshiyo. Zvakare, kudzvanywa mukamuri yekupisa uye kusimba kwesimba remafuta eparafini zvinoenderana neiyo yakakwana musanganiswa ratio.

Mumagadzirirwo mazhinji einjini dzinoshandisa parafini sehuni, kutariswa kwakanyanya kunobhadharwa kune mamiriro eadiabatic compression, apo kudzvanywa uye vhoriyamu inobatwa nemusanganiswa unopisa zviri muhukama hwenguva dzose - izvi zvinokanganisa kusimba kwezvinhu zveinjini. Muchiitiko ichi, sezvinozivikanwa, hapana kunze kwekupisa kwekupisa, iyo inosarudza kushanda kwakanyanya.

Kupisa chaiko kweparafini huwandu hwekupisa hunodiwa kukwidza tembiricha yegiramu rimwe chete rechinhu nedhigirii celsius. Iyo chaiyo yekupisa coefficient ndiyo reshiyo yekupisa chaiko pakumanikidza kunogara kune chaiyo kupisa pahuwandu hwehuwandu. Iyo yakakwana reshiyo inoiswa pane yakafanotemerwa mafuta kudzvanywa mukamuri yekupisa.

Izvo chaizvo zviratidzo zvekupisa panguva yekupisa kweparafini kazhinji hazvigadzirwe, sezvo ichi chigadzirwa chemafuta chiri musanganiswa wema hydrocarbons mana: dodecane (C).₁₂H₂₆), tridecane (C₁₃H₂₈), tetradecane (C₁₄H₃₀) uye pentadecane (C₁₅H₃₂) Kunyangwe mukati meiyo batch imwechete yemafuta epakutanga, chiyero chechikamu chezvikamu zvakanyorwa hachigari. Naizvozvo, iwo thermophysical maitiro eparafini anogara achiverengerwa neanozivikanwa kurerutsa uye fungidziro.