Nzeve Yepasi mumatongo
Chimwe chezviridzwa zvakakosha uye zvikuru munhoroondo yezvenyeredzi munyika, Arecibo radio telescope muPuerto Rico, yakadhirika mazuva mushure mekuziviswa kwekuparadzwa kwayo. Izvi hazvireve chete kupera kwechimwe chikamu chekutsvagisa nzvimbo, asiwo kutsakatika kwepop tsika icon inozivikanwa kwete chete nebudiriro yesainzi, asi kunyangwe yemafirimu akakurumbira.
Musi waZvita 2020, 6.55 panguva chaiyo 900 maawa 150 maminetsi nguva yeko, XNUMX-tani chikuva chakamiswa pahurefu hwemamita XNUMX pamusoro pechivharo chekutarisa chakadonha. Kutanga, imwe yembiru dzechivakwa (kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero) yakakuvadzwa, semugumisiro wekuti 900-ton platform yakarova canopy ye305-metres telescope (1). Kuwa kwakakuvadzawo shongwe mbiri dzakasara uye zvivakwa zvekuona zvakapoterera. Munguva yenjodzi, imwe cheki yehunyanzvi hwemamiriro ekumisa chimiro chakaitwa, nekuda kwazvaikwanisika kutora nguva ino pavhidhiyo.
Anosarudzika Explorer uye Movie Star
Teresikopu yeredhiyo yanga ichimhanya zvichienderera mberi kubva 1963 Mbudzi 38. Dhishi redhiyo reteresikopu rakagadzirwa uye rakavakwa nenyanzvi kubva kuAmerican Cornell University mune karst funnel kubva pa778 1 2 x XNUMX metres aruminiyamu mapaneru anotsigirwa nesimbi yekusimbisa. Chimiro chayo chakatenderera (kwete parabolic semateresikopu mazhinji eredhiyo). Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenzira iyo teresikopu yeredhiyo inonongedza pachiratidzo: ndiro yakanga yakamira, uye mugamuchiri akafamba. Ndega mugamuchiri akaiswa pa900-ton structure (Chikuva), yakaturikwa pakureba kwemamita zana nemakumi mashanu patambo 150 yakasungirirwa kumakoramu matatu akasimbiswa kongiri. Yaiva nendiro yechipiri neyechitatu, iyo yaitarisa masaisai airatidza pane antenna. Receiver kufamba yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kunangisa teresikopu yeredhiyo kune chero nzvimbo ye40-degree cone yakatenderedza zenith. Kuswedera pedyo ne equator kunobvumirwa Arecibo .
Basa rake rekutanga raive kudzidza nezvechikamu chepamusoro chemhepo yakapoteredza pasi, ionosphere. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yakatanga kushandiswa universal radio observatory kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekutsvakurudza nekucherechedza. nyeredzi inoona zvinhu zviri muchadenga, ichidzidzidza pamaredhiyo.
Mubvunzo mukati masaisai eredhiyo inoratidza huwandu hwezviitiko zve cosmic, semuenzaniso, pulsars - magnetized, kutenderera nyeredzi. Mutariri wakapa humbowo hwekutanga hwakasimba hwekuvapo kwechinhu chakadaro, chakazozivikanwa senyeredzi yenyuturoni. Dzakashandiswawo kuratidza muenzaniso wekutanga webinary pulsar (nyeredzi mbiri dzine magineti neutron dzinotenderera nzvimbo yakajairika yehuremu), kuwanikwa kwakazohwina Mubairo weNobel muFizikisi.
Teresikopu zvakakonzerawo shanduko yenyeredzi muna 1992. Yakashandiswawo kwemakumi emakore kuteerera masaini uye kuteedzera pedyo-Earth asteroids. Mumakore achangopfuura, teresikopu yeredhiyo yakatsigira tsvakiridzo inotungamira kune zvitsva zvinowanikwa zvemasaisai esimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Pamusoro pezvo, kuvonga kwaari, kuona ma organic molecules mune galaxy kure, kure uye kunyoresa yekutanga inodzokorora cyclic radio bursts (FRB).
Teresikopu yeredhiyo yakazovawo nyanzvi yemubhaisikopo. Yakanga iri saiti yeiyo climactic duel muGoldenEye (2), iyo inotevera chikamu cheJames Bond adventure naPierce Brosnan muna 1995. Makore maviri gare gare, muna 1997, akaita nyeredzi mumutambo unozivikanwa wesci-fi Kubata, padivi penyeredzi dzeHollywood dzakadai saJodie Foster naMatthew McConaughey. Akaonekwawo munyaya dzakanzi "Kubva ku X Archive" uye mufirimu inotyisa "Genre".
2. Shot kubva mufirimu "Golden Eye" munzvimbo yeteresikopu yeredhiyo muArecibo.
Zuva iro tambo dzakazoregedza
Mukati meaya makore 57 ekushanda, yakagadziridzwa kanoverengeka. Muna 1974 ganda idzva re canopy rakawedzerwa rine zvirinani zviratidzo zvekuratidzira paramita. Muna 1997, Gregorian parabolic antenna ine zviratidziri zviviri yakaiswa. Nenzira, kusimbisa hurongwa hwekutakura, imwe tambo yekutakura yakawedzerwa, mbiri kune imwe shongwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwakaitwa, uremu hwemidziyo muchimiro chekumisa chepuratifomu chakawedzera nematani anopfuura mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu.
Muna 2017, Hurricane Maria yakadambura imwe yetambo uye yakakuvadza mapepa eganda. Makore matatu gare gare, muna Nyamavhuvhu gore rapfuura, imwe yetambo dzaitsigira chikuva chesimbi pamusoro pedhishi reteresikopu yakaputsika. Tambo, ichityora, yakaparadza chikamu chakakosha cherambi. Yunivhesiti yeCentral Florida, iyo inonyanya kushandisa nzvimbo iyi, yakapa mhinduro yekudzikamisa chimiro. Zvisinei, mukutanga kwaNovember, imwe tambo yakadambuka.
Mainjiniya vanga vachidzidza dhizaini kubva mutsaona yekutanga muna Nyamavhuvhu. Zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwekunetseka kunobata patambo yechipiri, vakagumisa kuti tambo dzakasara dzingangove dzisina kusimba pane zvaimbofungwa, uye pakanga paine njodzi yekudonha kwese kunotsigira chimiro. Zvakaonekwa kuti zvimisikidzo zvakakura zvaisagona kugadziriswa pasina kugadzira njodzi inouraya kune vashandi vanobatanidzwa mukuvhiya kwakadaro. Vakuru vePuerto Rican vakabva vazivisa redhiyo teresikopu disassembly kutya kuchengetedzwa.
Mavhiki mashoma mushure mekunge sarudzo idzi dzaitwa, chimiro chepuratifomu chepamusoro chakadonha, chakanyorwa pamavhidhiyo akarekodhwa kubva munzvimbo mbiri - kamuri munzvimbo yekudzora yekutarisa uye kubva. Dronevaibhururuka pamusoro penzvimbo yekucherechedza, vachitarisa tambo neshongwe.
Mainjiniya akaongorora kukuvadzwa uye akagumisa kuti shongwe dzese nhatu dzetsigiro dzeteresikopu dzakanga dzaputsika, zvichiita kuti 900-ton platform iwire mucanopy pazasi. Vakawirawo pandiro tambo dzekutakura dzeteresikopu yeredhiyo. Nzvimbo yesainzi yenzvimbo iyi yakakuvadzwawo zvakanyanya netambo dzakadonha.
American National Science Foundation (NSF), iyo inotarisira chinhu, mushure meNovember inoshuma pamusoro pehutano hwemamiriro ezvinhu echinhu, pasinei nekudiwa kwekuparara kwayo, yakaronga kuchengetedza zvakanyanya zvekucherechedza sezvinobvira kuitira kuti mune ramangwana chinhu chacho chishande senzvimbo yesayenzi uye yedzidzo. , uye mune ramangwana zvingave zvichibvira kudzorera chekucherechedza mune yapfuura mode. Izvo zvicharamba zvichionekwa kuti kuparara kwaZvita kuchakanganisa sei zvirongwa izvi uye kana hwaro huchakwanisa kufambisa data rese rekuchengetedza rakaunganidzwa neteresikopu kumaseva asiri-saiti.
China ine mbiya hombe
Masayendisiti ari kunetsekana nezve mapurojekiti akaitwa nekutora chikamu kwe Arecibo radio telescopeuye wozvikanzura zvakare kucherechedza inoderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekupihwa kwePasi nebudiriro yevanhu. Ndezvekutarisa izvo zvinonzi zvinhu zviri pedyo nenyika (NEO) umo mudziyo wakatora chikamu.
Muna Mbudzi, NASA yakaburitsa chirevo umo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, tinoverenga: "Kugona kweArecibo planetary radar inotsigirwa neNASA's Near-Earth Observation (NEO) Chirongwa (...) yakagonesa NASA kuti inyatso ratidza kutenderera chaiko, saizi. , uye maumbirwo emaNEO mazhinji mukati meradar renji, mushure mekuwanikwa kwavo sechikamu chehombe-mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa vachishandisa optical telescopes. Nekudaro, hapana njodzi, nekuti NASA inayo mustock. Goldstone Observatory muCalifornia, iyo inoshandisa chinangwa chimwe chete, asi, sezvaunoziva, maziso maviri (munyaya iyi, zvichida nzeve) anopfuura rimwe.
Kune rimwe divi renyika, akatanga kushanda kutanga kwa2020. teresikopu yeredhiyo yakakura kupfuura Arecibo. ChiChinese XNUMXm spherical aperture telescope (FAST), muGuizhou Province. Parizvino ndiyo teresikopu inonyanya kunzwisiswa paPasi. Muna Ndira 2020, hurumende yeChinese yakazivisa kutanga kwekushanda zviri pamutemo vachishandisa mudziyo.
FAST parizvino ndiyo inonyanya kunzwisiswa neredhiyo teresikopu pasi rose. FAST, zvakaita se teresikopu yeredhiyo muArecibo, ine antenna huru yakamira, asi nekuda kwemawave sensors anofamba pamusoro pegirazi reantenna, ese materesikopu eredhiyo anogona kuona zvinhu zvisiri pa zenith, uku. FAST inogona kudzidza zvinhu zviri kure kure neredhiyo teresikopu yeArecibo.
3. Chinese radio telescope FAST
FAST inoshanda muhuwandu hwe0,7-3 GHz. Chinangwa chetsvakiridzo yeteresikopu yeredhiyo ndeyekuona mapulsars, muGalaxy yedu nekumhiri, kudzidza mamorekuru munzvimbo yepakati penyeredzi, kutsvaga nyeredzi dzakasiyana, uye kutsvaga. hupenyu hwekunze (mukati megadziriro yeSETI chirongwa). Zvinotarisirwa kukwanisa kuona kufambiswa kwemasaini kubva kune dzimwe nyika kune 1000 light-years kure.
Nekudaro, teresikopu hombe yekuChina ichave inowanikwa kune veAmerica nevekunze masayendisiti seArecibo? Zvingaite here kuishandisa kuyedza kunze kweiyo yakarongwa neChina? Izvi hazvisati zvaonekwa. Izvo zvicharamba zvichionekwa kana mutsivi wenzvimbo yakasarudzika yePuerto Rican achaonekwa muArecibo kana kumwewo.
