Kudzidzira "Falcon jump".
Kuvhara-pedyo kweDutch C-130H-30, iyo inogara iri pamusoro pekutakura ndege dzinobva kune paratroopers.
PaGunyana 9-21, 2019, segore rega rega, iyo Falcon Jump kurovedza yakaitwa muNetherlands. Iwo maekisesaizi akarongwa nechikamu che336 cheRoyal Netherlands Air Force uye 11th airborne brigade yeRoyal Land Forces. Chinangwa chikuru chezviitwa ndechekudzidzisa vashandi vemhepo uye vepasi mukumhara uye kudonha kwemhepo. Maparatroopers akagadzirirawo mhemberero yepagore yeOperation Market Garden. Zvechokwadi, nhamba yeparatroopers vakapinda mukuita uye kupemberera kwekushanda kwakanga kusina kuenzana nenhamba yevaya vakatora zvakananga mazviri. Nekudaro, kunyangwe 1200 vanosvetuka raive dambudziko rakakura, senge gore rega rega.
Mushure mekudzika kweNormandy musi waChikumi 6, 1944, uye kuvandudzwa kweAllied zvinogumbura zvakadzika muFrance, British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery akatanga kuyedza kupaza pamberi peGerman nekukurumidza sezvinobvira pamwero wehunyanzvi. Akatenda kuti mushure mekukundwa kwemauto eGermany muFrance, Germany yakanga yatokundwa. Mukufunga kwake, hondo yaigona kupedzwa nekukurumidza nekupfuura nemuNetherlands uye nekupinda nechisimba nharaunda yeGerman. Pasinei nekusahadzika, Mutungamiriri Mukuru Wemubatanidzwa muEurope, General Dwight Eisenhower, akabvuma kuita Operation Market Garden.
Chinangwa cheiyi yakakura yeAllied airborne operation yaive yekupfuura nenharaunda yeNetherlands, iyo, sezvamunoziva, inotemwa nenzizi dzakaoma uye migero. Naizvozvo, kutanga kwezvose, zvaive zvakafanira kugona mabhiriji mhiri kwezvipingamupinyi zvemvura - panzizi Meuse, Vaal (mutero weRhine) uye paRhine muNetherlands. Chinangwa chekushanda kwaive kusunungura maodzanyemba eNetherlands kubva mukutorwa kweGerman pamberi peKisimusi 1944 uye kuvhura nzira yekuGermany. Kuvhiya kwacho kwaisanganisira chinhu chinofambiswa nemhepo (Musika) kutora mabhiriji uye kurwiswa kwezvombo kubva kuBelgium (Kunosuwisa) vachishandisa mabhiriji ese kutora Rhine bridgehead munharaunda yeGerman.
Urongwa uhwu hwaive neshungu uye nekukasira kuita kwakakosha pakubudirira kwahwo. Basa reXXX British Corps raive rekukunda chinhambwe kubva kumuganhu neBelgium kuenda kuguta reArnhem pamuganhu neGermany mumazuva matatu. Izvi zvaizokwanisika chete kana mabhiriji ese ari munzira asina kukuvara. Iyo US 101st Airborne Division (DPD) yaive yekutora mabhiriji pakati peEindhoven neVegel. Chikamu chechipiri cheAmerica, che82nd DPD, chaifanira kutora mabhiriji pakati peGrave neNijmegen. IBritish 1st DPD nePolish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade vakatarisana nebasa rakaoma kwazvo. Vaifanira kutora mabhiriji matatu munharaunda yevavengi paLower Rhine paArnhem. Dai Operation Market Garden yakabudirira zvakakwana, nzvimbo zhinji dzeNetherlands dzingadai dzakasunungurwa, kucheka mauto eGermany kuchamhembe kwenyika, uye 100-kilomita corridor yakananga kuGermany ingadai yakaparadzwa. Kubva ipapo, kubva kumusoro kwebhiriji kuArnhem, maAllies aifanira kuenda kumabvazuva akananga kuRuhr, nzvimbo yeindasitiri yeGermany.
Kukundikana kwechirongwa
Musi waSeptember 17, 1944, kumhara kwekutanga kwakaitika pasina dambudziko. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvakakomba nezvipingamupinyi zvakabva zvatanga. Nzvimbo yekumhara yeBritish yaive kure kumadokero kweArnhem uye battalion imwe chete ndiyo yakasvika pabhiriji guru. XXX Corps yakamira manheru paValkensvärd nekuti zambuko repaSona rakanga raputiswa nemaGerman. Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira September 19 apo zambuko idzva rechinguvana rakavakwa. VaAmerica vakasvika muGroesbeck havana kubudirira pakarepo kutora bhiriji reNijmegen. Pazuva rimwe chetero, maBritish, akasimbiswa nemamwe masaisai ekumhara, akaedza kupaza kusvika kubhiriji muArnhem, asi akadzorwa nekuchimbidza kupinda mayuniti eGerman. Zvikoroko zvakati wandei zvakarasika uye zvakasara zve1 DPD zvakadzoserwa kuOosterbeek.
Musi waGunyana 20, vanhu vekuAmerica vakayambuka Rwizi rweWaal vari muzvikepe uye zambuko reNijmegen rakatorwa navo. Zvakazoitika, zvisinei, kuti izvi zvakaitika kunonoka, sezvo maGerman akakomberedza battalion pedyo neArnhem uye zambuko rakatorwazve navo. Boka rePolish rakamhara paDriel musi wa 21 Gunyana vaine tarisiro yekuti bhiriji reOosterbeek rinogona kushandiswa seimwe nzira yekuyambuka nepamusoro peLower Rhine, asi izvi zvakazove zvisingaite zvachose. MaBritish akange ave pedyo nekudonha, uye kupihwa kwemauto mukoridhi kubva kuEindhoven kuenda kuArnhem kwakakanganiswa zvakarongeka nekurwiswa kweGerman kubva kumativi. Nokudaro, mugwagwa wemigwagwa miviri Nhamba 69 pakati peEindhoven neArnhem yakatumidzwa zita rekuti "nzira inoenda kugehena".
Musi waGunyana 22, 1944, mauto eGerman akapaza nemukoto wakamanikana wakabatana pedyo nemusha weVegel. Izvi zvakakonzera kukundwa kwemauto eAllied paArnhem, sezvo maGerman akadzora maBritish pakati peArnhem. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Operation Market Garden yakamiswa musi wa24 Gunyana. Pausiku hwe25 / 26 September, mauto ekupedzisira e2000 kubva kuOosterbeek akatamiswa mhiri kwerwizi. Kubudirira uku kwakabvumira maGermany kuzvidzivirira kune imwe mwedzi mitanhatu. Kukundwa uku kwakazotsanangurwa se "bhiriji riri kure kwazvo", mumashoko ane mukurumbira eBritish General Browning.
