Power steering: mhando, kuipa uye zvakanakira

Yakasiyana-siyana magetsi ekufambisa anobatsira kuderedza kuwanda kwesimba rekuita rinodiwa kutenderedza vhiri, zvichiita kuti kutyaira kusanete uye kugadzikana. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekuvapo kwechidhiraivho chemagetsi, maneuverability inovandudzwa, uye kana paine kuputika kwevhiri, zviri nyore kuchengetedza mota munzira uye kudzivirira tsaona.

Kunyangwe mota dzevatyairi dzichigona kuita pasina amplifiers, dzinoiswa pamotokari zhinji dzakagadzirwa munguva yedu. Asi kutyaira rori pasina chidhiraivho chemagetsi kwaizochinja kuva basa rakaoma romuviri.

Power steering types

Sezvatakatonyora, mota dzemazuva ano, kunyangwe mukugadzirisa kwekutanga, dzakashongedzerwa nechinhu chinodiwa chakadai sechidhiraivho chesimba. Kurongeka kweaggregates kunokurukurwa zvakadzama pazasi. Vose vane chimiro chakasiyana, chirongwa, chinangwa, nheyo dzekushanda uye kushandiswa.

Kune marudzi matatu makuru emagetsi ekutungamirira:

• hydraulic (GUR);
• electrohydraulic (EGUR);
• yemagetsi (EUR);
• michina.

Hydraulic simba kudhiraivho

Hydraulics yakatanga kushandiswa mukutungamirira pakati pezana remakore rapfuura uye haisati yarasikirwa nekukosha kwayo. Power steering inogona kuwanikwa pamota zhinji dzemazuvano dzinotakura vanhu.

Mwoyo wekutungamirira simba ipombi, iyo inotungamirirwa nebhanhire kana cheni inotyaira kubva painjini crankshaft. Iyo pombi yekutungamirira simba inogadzira kudzvanywa kwemhepo inosvika zana mune yakavharwa hydraulic system.

Mvura inoshandiswa (mafuta) inoputirwa nepombi inodyiswa kuburikidza nekukodzera kune muparadzi. Basa rayo nderekugovera zvakare mvura zvichienderana nekutendeuka kwevhiri.

Iyo simba hydraulic cylinder ine piston (steering rack) inoshanda sechinhu chinosimudzira.

GUR zvakanakira:

• steering comfort;
• kuderera kwakakosha mukuedza kunodiwa kutenderera chidhiraivho;
• kushandura mavhiri kukona inodiwa, unoda kushandura chidhiraivho zvishoma;
• kana gumbo rakakuvadzwa, zviri nyore kudzivirira kubva panzira;
• muchiitiko chekukundikana kwe hydraulic booster, kutonga kwemotokari kucharamba.

Power Steering Zvakaipa:

• iyo amplifier inoshanda chete kana injini iri kushanda;
• kuvimba nekumhanya kweinjini;
• sezvo pombi inotungamirirwa neinjini, izvi zvinowedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta;
• kubata chidhiraivho mune imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanyisa kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya kwemvura inoshanda uye kukundikana kwezvimwe zvinhu zvehurongwa;
• kazhinji, iyo hydraulic system yakanyanya kuwanda uye inoda nguva nenguva kugadzirisa.

Electro-hydraulic power steering

Nheyo yekushanda kweEGUR yakafanana neyeiyo hydraulic booster. Misiyano ndeyokuti pano pombi inotungamirirwa nemotokari yemagetsi, iyo inoshandiswa nejenereta.

Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uderedze kushandiswa kwemafuta kana uchienzaniswa nekutungamira kwemagetsi.

Iyo yemagetsi control system inogadzirisa simba zvichienderana nekumhanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuve nyore uye kurongeka kwekufambisa kwete chete kumusoro asiwo nekumhanya kwakaderera, izvo zvisingagoneke kana uchishandisa yakajairwa hydraulic booster.

Zvakaipa zve EGUR:

• iyo sisitimu inogona kutadza kana vhiri redhiraivha rakabatwa munzvimbo yakanyanyisa kwenguva yakareba nekuda kwekupisa kwemafuta;
• mari yakakwirira kana ichienzaniswa nekutungamirira simba;
• kushamwaridzana kusina kunaka mumagetsi emagetsi kana kusashanda kwechikwata chekutonga kunogona kutungamirira kumisa kushanda kweEGUR. Mamiriro acho pachawo haana kunyanya kuoma, asi kamwe kamwe kuderera kwekutonga kwemotokari paunenge uchityaira kunogona kukonzera kutya mumutyairi asina kugadzirira.

Chii chiri nani GUR kana EGUR?

Sezvatotaurwa, EGUR ine yakaparadzana control module. Dambudziko nderekuti rinosanganiswa kuita imwechete gungano unit ine pombi yemagetsi mota uye yayo hydraulic chikamu. Pamichina yakawanda yezera, kusimba kwakatyoka uye hunyoro kana kunyange oiri pachayo inopinda mumagetsi. Izvi zvinoitika zvisingaoneki, uye kana zvasvika kumatambudziko ari pachena mukushanda kweamplifier, kunonoka kuedza kugadzirisa chimwe chinhu. Zvinhu zvinodhura zvichafanirwa kutsiviwa.

Kune rumwe rutivi, chirongwa chakadaro chine chikwata chayo chekutonga, kusiyana nechekare chekugadzirisa simba, ine zvakakosha pamwe chete - rudzi rwekudzivirira. Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kudonha kwemafuta kwakakura kunoitika kubva muhurongwa, ipapo inodzima pombi pachayo, ichidzivirira kufa kwayo kamwe kamwe nekuda kwekuoma kumhanya. Sezvakaitika kune yekare hydraulic booster, chero kurasikirwa hakurevi kupfeka kwezvinhu munjanji pachayo. Naizvozvo, hapana mhinduro chaiyo kumubvunzo uyu.

Magetsi magetsi ekufambisa

Iwo anorema uye anonetsa hydraulics haasipo zvachose pano. Saizvozvo, hapana chakasikwa simba rekutungamira kukanganisa.

Iyo EUR ine mota yemagetsi uye control unit.

electric power steering inoshanda sei? Iyo sensor inotarisa kona yekutenderera uye kukurumidza kwekutenderera kwevhiri uye inotumira chiratidzo kune yemagetsi control unit. Iyo processor inoongorora ruzivo kubva kune sensor, inoienzanisa nekumhanya kwemota uye inopa chiratidzo chekutonga kune mota yemagetsi. Iyo mota inofambisa rack yekufambisa zvinoenderana.

Zvakanakira EUR:

• compactness;
• profitability;
• mutengo wakaderera weEUR;
• hapana kutsamira pane injini kumhanya;
• kushanda hakutsamiri pane ambient tembiricha;
• nyore kugadzirisa.

Kutenda kune izvi zvakanaka hunhu, iyo EUR iri kuwedzera kuiswa pamotokari dzemazuva ano.

Iyo huru disadvantage IEUR ndiyo simba rayo rakaderera, rinoenderana nesimba rejenareta. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvinetse kushandisa iyo EUR paSUVs, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro pamarori.

Mechanical power steering

Mechanical power steering ine seti yemagiya akasiyana mudzimba. Mhedzisiro yekusimbisa uye kufambisa kutonga uchishandisa nzira yakadai ndeye kushandura giya reshiyo yekutenderera. Parizvino, rudzi urwu haruna kushandiswa nekuda kwekuoma uye kusavimbika kwekugadzira, pamwe chete nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemhere panguva yekushanda.

Matambudziko anogona kuitika nemagetsi ekufambisa

Kazhinji chidhiraivho chemagetsi chinoshanda zvakavimbika uye hachikonzeri dambudziko rakakura kune varidzi vemotokari. Ehe, hapana chisingaperi uye nekukurumidza kana gare gare iyo hydraulic booster zvakare inotadza. Asi matambudziko mazhinji anogona kugadziriswa wega.

Kazhinji kazhinji pane kubuda kwemvura inoshanda. Kazhinji inodonha panzvimbo iyo mapaipi akabatanidzwa kune zvigadzirwa, zvishoma kazhinji mapaipi pachawo anotsemuka.

Kana jolts kana vibration zvichinzwika pakutenderedza vhiri, zvakakodzera kutarisa mamiriro ebhandi repombi drive. Gadzirisa kana kutsiva kana zvichidikanwa.

Chinonyanya kutambura chikamu chekutungamirira simba ndiyo pombi. Kana zvikaitika kuti yakanganisa, dambudziko rinobva ramuka: kugadzirisa kana kutsiva. Kana iwe uine chido, zvishandiso zvinodiwa uye ruzivo mubasa remakanika, unogona kuedza kugadzirisa pombi iwe pachako, kunyange, zvechokwadi, hapana anovimbisa zana zana kubudirira.

Kazhinji kazhinji, kubereka kunokundikana mupombi. Kakawanda, pakuzarura, kukanganisa mu grooves ye rotor uye nzvimbo yemukati ye stator inowanikwa. Vanoda kunyatsoiswa jecha. Chisimbiso chemafuta uye rubber gaskets inofanirawo kutsiviwa.

Kana zvikazoitika kuti mavharuvhu akanganisa, saka anofanirwa kuchinjwa seti, sezvo anofanirwa kuenderana maererano nekubuda.

Kana pasina mukana kana chido chekuvhiringidza nekugadziriswa kwepombi yekutungamirira simba iwe pachako, unogona kubata basa remotokari. Zvakakosha kutanga watsvaga kana paine nyanzvi yehunyanzvi hunodiwa mumusangano wakasarudzwa uye kuti kugadzirisa kuchadhura zvakadii.

Zvingave nani kungotsiva pombi. Itsva inodhura zvakanyanya, saka ingave sarudzo inoshanda kutenga yakagadziridzwa, iyo inodhura zvishoma uye inogara kwenguva yakareba.

Matambudziko anogona kuitika neEUR

Iwe unogona kutarisa kana iyo EUR yakadzimwa zvachose nekuenzanisa kuedza kana uchitenderedza vhiri reinjini yakamira uye ichimhanya. Kana muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri kuedza kwakafanana kunodiwa kutenderera "gumbo", ipapo amplifier haisi kushanda.

Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekutarisa wiring, hutano hwejenereta, kutendeseka kwemafusi, kuvimbika kwevanobata. Wobva watarisa iyo torque sensor uye mabatiro ayo. Kana iyo speedometer isingashande, ipapo sensor yekumhanya inofanira kuongororwa.

Kana zvese zvakarongeka nemabatikirwo ema sensors, zvakakodzera kutsiva iwo ma sensor pachawo. Iyo yemagetsi control unit iri nyore kutsiva wega, asi uchafanirwa kubata nyanzvi dzebasa kuti uzvitarise.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chidhiraivho ESD kusashanda chinogona kuzviratidza sechisingafungidzirwe hunhu hwekufambisa paunenge uchityaira. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanira kumira pakarepo uye kudzima EUR nekubvisa fiyuzi yakakodzera. Uye wozoenda kumotokari yebasa rekuongorora.

mhedziso

Kudhiraivha kunoita basa rakakosha pakutyaira mota. Chero kukanganisa mukushanda kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kufamba uye kudzoreka kwemotokari.

Hazvina mhosva iwe haufaniri kufuratira zviratidzo zvekutadza kwekufambisa, sezvo izvi zvinogona kuchinja kuva njodzi yakakomba. Haisi mari yako chete iri panjodzi. Hupenyu nehutano hwako nevamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa hunogona kunge huri panjodzi.