Chishandiso, marudzi uye musimboti wekushanda kwechidhiraivho

Iyo rack rack ndiyo hwaro hwekutungamira kwemotokari, iyo iyo mutyairi anotungamira mavhiri emota munzira yaunoda. Kunyangwe iwe usiri kuzogadzirisa mota yako iwe pachako, saka kunzwisisa kuti chidhiraivho chinoshanda sei uye kuti iyi dhizaini inoshanda sei, nekuti kuziva simba rayo uye kushaya simba, iwe uchakwanisa kutyaira mota inotakura vanhu kana jeep zvakanyatsonaka, uchiwedzera. hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi kusvika pakugadzirisa.

Injini ndiyo mwoyo wemotokari, asi ndiyo inotungamira iyo inosarudza kwainoenda. Nokudaro, mutyairi wese anofanira kunge anzwisisa kuti chidhiraivho chemotokari yake chakarongwa sei uye kuti chinangwa chayo chii.

Kubva padhiza kuenda kune rack - shanduko yekutungamira

Munguva dzekare, apo munhu akanga achangotanga kuongorora nyika nemvura, asi vhiri rakanga risati rava hwaro hwokufamba kwake, magwa nemagwa zvakava nzira huru yokufambisa zvinhu munzendo refu (kupfuura rwendo rwezuva rimwe). Motokari idzi dzakaramba dziri pamusoro pemvura, dzichifamba nekuda kwemasimba akasiyana-siyana, uye kuti dzivadzore dzakashandisa chigadziriso chekutanga - chikwasvi chakadzikiswa mumvura, chiri kuseri kwechikepe kana chikepe. Kubudirira kwechigadzirwa chakadaro kwaive kwakakwira zvishoma pane zero, uye kwakakosha kusimba kwemuviri uye kutsungirira kwaidiwa kutungamira mhizha munzira kwayo.

Sezvo ukuru uye kutamiswa kwengarava kwaikura, kushanda nechikwasvi chaida simba rakawanda, saka chakatsiviwa nevhiri raitenderedza chidzoreso kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemapulleys, ndiko kuti, ndiyo yaive yekutanga dhiraivha. nhoroondo. Kugadzirwa uye kupararira kwegumbo kwakatungamirira mukusimudzirwa kwekutakura kwenyika, asi simba rayo guru rekutyaira raiva mhuka (mabhiza kana nzombe), saka panzvimbo yenzira yekudzora, kudzidziswa kwakashandiswa, kureva kuti, mhuka dzakashandura nzira yakarurama kune vamwe. chiito chemutyairi.

Kugadzirwa kwemudziyo wekupisa utsi uye injini yekupisa mukati kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kubvisa mhuka dzinodhonza uye kunyatsogadzira mota dzepanyika, mushure mezvo vakatozogadzira chidhiraivho chadzo chinoshanda pane imwe musimboti. Pakutanga, vaishandisa michina yakapfava, ndokusaka kutonga kwemotokari dzekutanga kwaida simba rakakura remuviri, ndokuzochinja zvishoma nezvishoma kune akasiyana mabhokisi egiya, ayo akawedzera simba rekutenderedza mavhiri, asi akamanikidza chidhiraivho kutendeuka zvakanyanya. zvakasimba.

Rimwe dambudziko nemuchina wekutungamirira waifanira kukundwa kudiwa kutenderedza mavhiri pamakona akasiyana. Iyo trajectory yevhiri iri mukati, maererano nekutendeuka kwedivi, inopfuura neine diki radius, zvinoreva kuti inofanira kushandurwa zvine simba kupfuura vhiri riri kunze. Pamotokari dzekutanga, izvi zvakanga zvisina kudaro, ndicho chikonzero mavhiri epamberi aikurumidza kupera kupfuura emashure. Zvadaro paiva nekunzwisisa kwekona yezvigunwe, uyezve, zvaikwanisika kupa iyo uchishandisa musimboti wekutsauka kwekutanga kwemavhiri kubva kune mumwe. Paunenge uchityaira mumutsara wakatwasuka, izvi zvinenge zvisina zvazvinoita parabha, uye kana uchikona, zvinowedzera kugadzikana uye kudzoreka kwemotokari, uye zvakare inoderedza kupfeka kwetai.

Yekutanga-yakazara-yakazara control element yaive koramu yekutungamidza (gare gare iyi izwi rakashandiswa kwete kubhokisi regiya, asi kune meshini inobata chikamu chepamusoro cheiyo composite steering shaft), asi kuvepo kwebipod imwe chete kwaida yakaoma system kutumira simba rekutenderera kumavhiri ose. Iyo yepamusoro yekushanduka kwemaitiro akadaro yaive mhando nyowani yeyuniti, inonzi "yekutungamirira rack", inoshandawo pamusimboti wegiya bhokisi, ndiko kuti, inowedzera torque, asi, kusiyana nekoramu, inoendesa simba kune ese ari maviri. mavhiri epamberi kamwechete.

General marongerwo

Heano iwo makuru makuru anoumba hwaro hweiyo steering rack dhizaini:

• dhiraivha giya;
• njanji;
• kusimbisa (clamping mechanism);
• dzimba;
• zvisimbiso, makwenzi uye anthers.

Chidhiraivho rack muchikamu

Ichi chirongwa chinowanikwa mumarairi emota chero ipi zvayo. Nokudaro, mhinduro kumubvunzo wekuti "chifambiso chinoshanda sei" chinotanga nerunyoro urwu, nokuti rinoratidza chimiro chechikwata. Mukuwedzera, mapikicha akawanda nemavhidhiyo akaiswa paInternet anoratidza zvose kutaridzika kwechivharo uye mukati maro, izvo zvinosanganiswa mune urongwa.

pinion gear

Ichi chikamu ishaft ine oblique kana mazino akatwasuka akachekwa pairi, akashongedzerwa nemabhengi kumagumo ese. Ichi chigadziriso chinopa chinzvimbo chenguva dzose chinoenderana nemuviri uye rack mune chero chinzvimbo cheiyo vhiri. Iyo shaft ine oblique mazino iri pakona kune njanji, nekuda kwekuti ivo vanobatana zvakajeka nemazino akatwasuka panjanji, shaft ine mazino akatwasuka yakaiswa pamichina ye80s uye 90s yezana ramakore rapfuura, chikamu chakadaro chiri. nyore kugadzira, asi nguva yayo masevhisi ishoma. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti iyo musimboti wekushanda kwe spur uye helical magiya akafanana, iyo yekupedzisira inovimbika uye isingaite jamming, ndosaka yave iyo huru mukutungamira nzira.

Pamotokari dzose dzakagadzirwa kubva pamakore gumi ekupedzisira ezana remakore rapfuura, chete helical shafts inoiswa, izvi zvinoderedza mutoro panzvimbo yekubatana uye inowedzera hupenyu hwemashini yose, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune racks isina kugadzirirwa. hydraulic (simba rinotungamira) kana yemagetsi (EUR) booster. Iyo spur drive gear yaive yakakurumbira muUSSR neRussian Federation, yakaiswa pashanduro dzekutanga dzemagiya ekufambisa emota dzemberi, zvisinei, nekufamba kwenguva, sarudzo iyi yakasiiwa ichifarira giya rehelical, nekuti zvakadaro. giya bhokisi rinovimbika zvakanyanya uye rinoda kushoma kushanda nesimba kutenderedza vhiri.

Iyo dhayamita ye shaft uye nhamba yemeno inosarudzwa kuitira kuti 2,5-4 kutendeuka kwechidhiraivho kunodiwa kushandura zvachose mavhiri kubva kune yakanyanyisa kurudyi kusvika kune yakanyanyisa kuruboshwe chinzvimbo uye zvinopesana. Yakadaro giya reshiyo inopa simba rakakwana pamavhiri, uye zvakare inogadzira mhinduro, ichibvumira mutyairi "kunzwa mota", ndiko kuti, kuomesesa kwemamiriro ekutyaira, iyo yakawanda nhamburiko yaanofanira kuita kutenderedza mavhiri kune inodiwa. angle. Varidzi vemotokari dzine chidhiraivho uye vanosarudza kugadzira mota yavo vari vega vanowanzotumira mishumo yekugadzirisa paInternet, vachivapa mapikicha akadzama, kusanganisira giya rekutyaira.

Iyo giya yedhiraivha yakabatanidzwa kune inotungamira mbiru neyakasanganiswa shaft ine makadhi, inova chinhu chekuchengetedza, chinangwa chayo ndechekudzivirira mutyairi panguva yekudhumhana kubva pakurova chidhiraivho muchipfuva. Munguva yekukanganisa, shaft yakadaro inopeta uye haifambisi simba kune inotakura vanhu, iro raive dambudziko rakakura mumotokari muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rapfuura. Naizvozvo, pamichina yekurudyi nekuruboshwe, giya iri rinowanikwa zvakasiyana, nekuti rack iri pakati, uye giya riri parutivi rwechidhiraivho, ndiko kuti, kumucheto chaiko kwechikwata.

Rail

Iyo rack pachayo isimbi yakatenderedzwa yesimbi yakaoma, kune imwe magumo ayo ane mazino anoenderana negiya rekutyaira. Paavhareji, kureba kwechikamu chegiya masendimita gumi nemashanu, izvo zvinokwana kushandura mavhiri epamberi kubva kurudyi kusvika kune yakanyanyisa kuruboshwe chinzvimbo uye zvinopesana. Kumigumo kana pakati penjanji, maburi ane shinda anoboorwa kuitira kusungirira zvidhiraivho. Kana mutyairi atenderedza vhiri, giya rekutyaira rinofambisa rack munzira yakakodzera, uye, nekuda kwechiyero chakakura chegiya, mutyairi anogona kugadzirisa mafambiro emotokari mukati mezvikamu zvedhigirii.

Gozvo pani

Nekushanda kunobudirira kwechigadzirwa chakadaro, njanji inogadziriswa nesleeve uye chigadziro chekugadzirisa, iyo inobvumira kuti ifambe kuruboshwe uye kurudyi, asi ichidzivirira kubva kune giya rekutyaira.

Clamping mechanism

Paunenge uchityaira panzvimbo isina kuenzana, iyo giya regiya (rack / pinion pair) rinosangana nemitoro inowanzo shandura chinhambwe pakati pezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri. Kugadziriswa kwakasimba kweiyo rack kunogona kutungamirira kumuchato wayo uye kusakwanisa kushandura chidhiraivho, uye naizvozvo, kuita maneuver. Nokudaro, kugadzirisa kwakasimba kunobvumirwa chete kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri weyuniti, kure nemotokari yemotokari, asi hapana kugadzirisa kwakasimba kune rumwe rutivi, uye rack inogona "kutamba" zvishomanana, ichifamba maererano nemotokari yemotokari. Iyi dhizaini inopa kwete chete diki backlash inodzivirira iyo michina kubva pakuroora, asi zvakare inogadzira mhinduro yakasimba, ichibvumira maoko emutyairi kuti anzwe nzira zviri nani.

Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo clamping mechanic ndeiyi inotevera - chitubu chine rimwe simba chinotsikirira rack kurwisa giya, kuve nechokwadi kuti meshing yakasimba yemeno. Simba rinopfuudzwa kubva kumavhiri, iro rinotsikirira rack kune gear, rinotamirwa nyore nyore nezvikamu zviviri, nokuti dzakagadzirwa nesimbi yakaoma. Asi simba rinotungamirirwa kune rimwe divi, ndiko kuti, kufambisa zvinhu zviviri kubva kune mumwe kune mumwe, inobhadharwa nekuoma kwechitubu, saka rack inofamba zvishoma kubva kune giya, asi izvi hazvikanganisi kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zviviri.

Nokufamba kwenguva, chitubu chemuchina uyu chinorasikirwa nekusimba kwayo, uye chinoiswa chakagadzirwa nesimbi yakapfava kana chinogara chepurasitiki chinogaya chinopesana nenjanji, izvo zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwehunyanzvi hwekutsikirira rack-gear pair. Kana zvikamu zviri muchimiro chakanaka, saka mamiriro acho anogadziriswa nekusimbisa, kudzvanya chitubu chinopesana nebhara rinofambiswa nenati uye kudzorera iyo chaiyo clamping simba. Nyanzvi dzekugadzirisa mota dzinowanzo tumira mafoto ezviviri zvakakanganisika zveiyi meshini uye mabhureki mumishumo yavo, iyo inozotumirwa pane akasiyana emota portals. Kana kupfeka kwezvikamu kwasvika pamutengo une ngozi, zvino zvinotsiviwa nemitsva, kudzoreredza kushanda kwemaitiro ose.

Housing

Muviri weyuniti wakagadzirwa nealuminium alloy, uye zvakare wakashongedzerwa neakaomesesa, nekuda kwazvaikwanisika kuderedza uremu zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pasina kurasikirwa nesimba uye kusimba. Simba remuviri rakakwana kuve nechokwadi chekuti mitoro inoitika paunenge uchityaira, kunyangwe munzvimbo isina kuenzana, haikuvadzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirongwa chemukati chemukati chemuviri chinovimbisa kushanda kwakanaka kwese kutungamirira nzira. Zvakare, muviri une maburi ekugadzirisa kumutumbi wemotokari, nekuda kwaunounganidza zvese zvinotungamirira zvinhu pamwe chete, kuve nechokwadi chebasa ravo rakarongeka.

Zvisimbiso, bushings uye anthers

Iwo mabhushi akaiswa pakati pemuviri nenjanji ane yakakwirira kupfeka kuramba uye zvakare anopa kufamba kuri nyore kwebhari mukati memuviri. Zvisimbiso zvemafuta zvinodzivirira nzvimbo yakabikwa yemeshini, ndiko kuti, nzvimbo yakatenderedza giya rekutyaira, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwemafuta, uye zvakare kuibvisa kubva kuguruva netsvina. Anthers inodzivirira nzvimbo dzakavhurika dzemuviri umo madhiraivha anopfuura. Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso wemuchina, ivo vakanamatira kumagumo kana pakati pechitima, chero zvakadaro, ndiyo anthers inodzivirira nzvimbo dzakavhurika dzemuviri kubva kuguruva uye tsvina.

Kugadziriswa uye marudzi

Pasinei nenyaya yekuti pakutanga kwekuonekwa kwayo, raki ndiyo yaive yakanakisa mhando yedhiraivha, kuvandudza tekinoroji kwakaita kuti vagadziri vawedzere kugadzirisa chishandiso ichi. Sezvo nzira huru kubva pakuonekwa kwechikwata, pamwe nekugadzirwa uye chirongwa chekushanda kwayo hazvina kuchinja, vagadziri vakatungamirira kuedza kwavo kuwedzera kushanda nekuisa midziyo yakasiyana-siyana yekusimudzira.

Yekutanga yaive hydraulic booster, iyo yakanyanya mukana weiyo yaive nyore dhizaini nekunyanyisa kudiwa kwekushanda kwakakodzera, nekuti masheji ekutungamirira ane simba rekufambisa haana kushivirira kutendeukira kune yakakura kona pakumhanya kweinjini. Iko kusakosha kukuru kwesimba rekutungamira kwaive kutsamira pamota, nekuti ndeye iyo iyo jekiseni pombi yakabatana. Nheyo yekushanda kwechigadzirwa ichi ndechekuti kana chidhiraivho chatendeuka, iyo hydraulic distributor inopa mvura kune imwe yemakamuri maviri, kana mavhiri asvika pakutendeuka kunoenderana, kuyerera kwemvura kunomira. Kutenda kune chirongwa ichi, simba rinodiwa kushandura mavhiri rinoderedzwa pasina kurasikirwa kwemhinduro, ndiko kuti, mutyairi anofambisa zvakanaka uye anonzwa mugwagwa.

Danho rinotevera raiva kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ekufambisa rack (EUR), zvisinei, mienzaniso yekutanga yezvigadziri izvi yakakonzera kushoropodza kwakawanda, nokuti maaramu enhema aiwanzoitika, nekuda kwekuti motokari yakangotendeuka ichityaira. Mushure mezvose, basa remugovera raiitwa ne potentiometer, iyo, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, haina nguva dzose kupa ruzivo rwakarurama. Nokufamba kwenguva, kukanganisa uku kwakange kwave kubviswa zvachose, nekuda kwekuti kuvimbika kwekutonga kweEUR hakuna nzira yakaderera kune simba rekufambisa. Vamwe vanogadzira automaker vari kutoshandisa magetsi emagetsi, ayo anosanganisa zvakanakira magetsi uye hydraulic madivayiri, pamwe chete pasina zvipingamupinyi zvavo.

Naizvozvo, nhasi kupatsanurwa kunotevera mumhando dzemareki ekufambisa kwakagamuchirwa:

• nyore (mechanicha) - inenge isati yamboshandiswa nekuda kwekuderera kwekuita uye kudiwa kwekuedza kukuru kushandura mavhiri panzvimbo;
• ne hydraulic booster (hydraulic) - ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa nekuda kwekugadzira kwavo nyore uye kuchengetedza kwakanyanya, asi iyo booster haishande kana injini yadzimwa;
• ne electric booster (yemagetsi) - ivowo ndivo vanonyanya kufarirwa, zvishoma nezvishoma vachitsiva zvikwata zvine simba rekutungamirira, nokuti vanoshanda kunyange kana injini yadzimwa, kunyange zvazvo dambudziko rekushanda kwemaitiro risati rabviswa zvachose;
• ine electric hydraulic booster, iyo inobatanidza zvakanakira zvemhando mbiri dzakapfuura, ndiko kuti, dzinoshanda kunyangwe injini ichidzimwa uye usa "fadze" mutyairi nemafambiro asina kujairika.

chidhiraivho rack pamwe EUR

Iyi yemhando yemusimboti inobvumira muridzi kana angangove mutengi wemota inotakura vanhu kuti atarise nekukasika zvese zvakanakira uye zvakaipira kutungamira kweimwe modhi.

Kuchinjana

Vagadziri vemotokari vanenge havatombo gadzira rack uye pinion yekufambisa nzira, iyo yakasarudzika yaive AvtoVAZ, asi kunyangwe ipapo basa iri rakaendeswa kune vanobatana, saka, kana paine kukanganisa kwakanyanya muchikamu ichi, kana kugadzirisa kusingabatsiri, zvakakosha kusarudza kwete chete modhi, asiwo mugadziri weiyi michina. Mumwe wevatungamiriri mumusika uyu ndiZF, iyo inonyanya kugadzira marudzi ese emayuniti, kubva kune otomatiki kutapurirana kune inotungamira michina. Panzvimbo peiyo ZF njanji, unogona kutora yakachipa yeChinese analogue, nekuti dunhu ravo uye zviyero zvakafanana, asi hazvigare kwenguva refu, kusiyana neiyo yekutanga mudziyo. Kakawanda, motokari dzine makore anopfuura 10 dzakagadzirirwa njanji kubva kune vamwe vanogadzira, iyo inosimbiswa nemifananidzo yezvinyorwa zvavo zvakatumirwa paInternet.

Kazhinji, mhizha dzegaraji dzinoisa zvidhiraivho kubva kumotokari dzekunze, semuenzaniso, dzakasiyana siyana dzeToyota modhi, pamotokari dzepamba. Kutsiviwa kwakadaro kunoda kuchinjwa kwechikamu chemashure emadziro ejini, asi motokari inogamuchira imwe yakavimbika yakawanda inopfuura zvigadzirwa zveAvtoVAZ mune zvose. Kana njanji kubva kune imwechete "Toyota" yakashongedzerwa nemagetsi kana hydraulic booster, saka kunyange yekare "Nine" kamwe kamwe, maererano nekunyaradza, inosvika zvakanyanya kumotokari dzekunze dzenguva imwe chete.

Kukanganisa kukuru

Chigadziro chekugadzirisa rack ndechokuti iyi nzira ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuvimbika mumotokari, uye zvizhinji zvezvakaipa zvinosanganiswa nekupfeka (kukuvadza) kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa, kana nenjodzi dzemotokari, kureva, tsaona kana tsaona. Kazhinji kacho, vanogadzirisa vanofanira kushandura anthers uye zvisimbiso, pamwe chete nemapuranga akasakara uye magiya ekutyaira, iyo mileage inodarika mazana ezviuru zvemakiromita. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuomesa nguva nenguva iyo clamping mechanism, iyo inokonzerwa nehurongwa hwechidhiraivho, asi chiito ichi hachidi chero kutsiva kwezvikamu. Zvishoma kazhinji, muviri weiyi unit, iyo yakatsemuka nekuda kwetsaona, inoda kutsiviwa, mune izvo zvinogoneka njanji, giya uye clamping michina inoendeswa kumutumbi wevanopa.

Zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekugadzirisa node iyi ndezvi:

• mutambo wekufambisa;
• kugogodza uchityaira kana kutendeuka;
• chiedza chakanyanyisa kana kuti chidhiraivho chakasimba.

Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinosanganiswa nekupfeka kwezvikamu zvikuru zvinoumba rack yekufambisa, saka zvinogonawo kunzi kune zvinoshandiswa.

Ari kupi

Kuti unzwisise kuti chigadziro chekutungamirira chiri kupi uye kuti chinoratidzika sei, isa motokari pane kusimudza kana kupfuura, wozozarura hood uye shandura mavhiri mune chero nzira kusvikira amira. Zvadaro tevera apo matanda ekutungamirira anotungamirira, iyi ndiyo iyo nzira iyi inowanikwa, yakafanana ne ribbed aluminium tube, iyo iyo cardan shaft kubva mucheki inopindirana. Kana iwe usina ruzivo rwekugadzirisa otomatiki uye usingazive kuti iyi node iripi, saka tarisa mafoto nemavhidhiyo apo vanyori vanoratidza nzvimbo yenjanji mumotokari dzavo, pamwe chete nenzira dzakanakisa dzekuiwana: izvi zvinokununura kubva mukukanganisa kwakawanda, kusanganisira nhamba inotungamira mukukuvara.

Verenga zvakare: Steering rack damper - chinangwa uye kumisikidza mitemo

Pasinei nemuenzaniso uye gore rekugadzira, iyi nzira inogara iri pamadziro ekumashure ejinijini, saka inogona kuonekwa kubva kudivi revhiri rakapindurwa. Kuti ugadzirise kana kutsiva, zviri nyore kuti usvike kwairi kubva kumusoro, nekuvhura hood, kana kubva pazasi, nekubvisa injini yekudzivirira, uye kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yekuwana kunoenderana nemuenzaniso uye gadziriro yemotokari.

mhedziso

Iyo rack rack ndiyo hwaro hwekutungamira kwemotokari, iyo iyo mutyairi anotungamira mavhiri emota munzira yaunoda. Kunyangwe iwe usiri kuzogadzirisa mota yako iwe pachako, saka kunzwisisa kuti chidhiraivho chinoshanda sei uye kuti iyi dhizaini inoshanda sei, nekuti kuziva simba rayo uye kushaya simba, iwe uchakwanisa kutyaira mota inotakura vanhu kana jeep zvakanyatsonaka, uchiwedzera. hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi kusvika pakugadzirisa.

Maitiro ekuona kusashanda kweiyo rack rack - vhidhiyo