Chii chakaoma?

Mune 11/2019 chinyorwa cheOdhiyo, iyo ATC SCM7 yakaratidzwa muyedzo yevashanu masherufu emabhuku. Chiratidzo chinoremekedzwa kwazvo chinozivikanwa kune vanoda mimhanzi, uye zvakanyanya kune nyanzvi, sezvo akawanda ekurekodha masitudiyo ane vatauri vayo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti titarise zvakanyanya - asi panguva ino isu hatizobata nenhoroondo yayo uye chikumbiro, asi tichishandisa iyo SCM7 semuenzaniso, isu tichakurukura dambudziko rakawanda rinosangana neaudiophiles.

Imwe yeakakosha paramita yeacoustic system ndeye kunyatsoshanda. Icho chiyero chekushanda kwesimba - dhigirii rekuti gudzanzwi (electro-acoustic transducer) inoshandura magetsi anopihwa (kubva kune amplifier) ​​kuita ruzha.

Kubudirira kunoratidzwa pachikero chelogarithmic decibel, apo 3 dB musiyano inoreva kaviri chiyero (kana pasi), 6 dB kusiyana kunoreva kana, zvichingodaro. 3 dB icharidza kaviri.

Zvakakodzera kuwedzera kuti kugona kwevatauri vepakati ishoma muzana - simba rakawanda rinoshandurwa kuita kupisa, kuitira kuti izvi zvisango "kupambadza" kubva pakuona kwezvitauriri, asi zvinowedzera kuipa mamiriro avo ekushanda - sezvo tembiricha yekoiri yegudzanzwi inowedzera, kuramba kwayo kunowedzera, uye kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemagineti hakuna kunaka, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvisiri-mutsara kukanganisa. Nekudaro, kushanda kwakaderera hakuenzane nemhando yakaderera - kune vatauri vazhinji vane hunyanzvi hwakaderera uye ruzha rwakanyanya.

Matambudziko ane mitoro yakaoma

Muenzaniso wakanaka ndewe ATC madhizaini, ayo akaderera kushanda zvakanaka kwakadzika midzi mumhinduro dzakakosha dzinoshandiswa mumashanduri pachawo, uye dzinoshanda ... zvinokatyamadza - kuderedza kukanganisa. Zviri pamusoro iya inonzi short coil in a long gapInofananidzwa neyakajairwa (inoshandiswa muhuwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi ekushandura) sisitimu yekoiri refu mune gap pfupi, inoratidzirwa nekushomeka kwekuita, asi kushoma kukanganiswa (nekuda kwekushanda kwekoiri mune yunifomu yemagineti inowanikwa mumhepo. gap).

Uye zvakare, iyo dhiraivha system inogadzirirwa mutsara wekushanda nekukanganisa kukuru (nokuda kweizvi, gap rinofanira kunge rakareba kupfuura coil), uye mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, kunyangwe iwo makuru magineti masisitimu anoshandiswa neATK haapi hunyanzvi hwepamusoro (akawanda. yegomba, zvisinei nenzvimbo inokoira, haina kuzadzwa nayo).

Zvisinei, panguva ino isu tiri kunyanya kufarira chimwe chinhu. Isu tinotaura kuti SCM7, zvese nekuda kwehukuru hwayo (nzira mbiri ine 15 cm midwoofer, mune imwe nyaya ine vhoriyamu isingasviki 10 litres), uye iyi chaiyo nzira, ine yakaderera zvakanyanya - zvinoenderana nezviyero mu. iyo Audio rabhoritari, chete 79 dB (isu tinobvisa kubva kune data remugadziri achivimbisa kukosha kwepamusoro, uye kubva kune zvikonzero zvekusiyana kwakadaro; isu tinofananidza kugona kwezvimiro zvakayerwa mu "Audio" pasi pemamiriro akafanana).

Sezvatinotoziva, izvi zvinomanikidza iyo SCM7 kutamba neiyo yakataurwa simba. zvakanyanya kunyarara kupfuura zvivako zvizhinji, kunyange hukuru hwakafanana. Saka kuti dziite ruzha rwakafanana, dzinofanira kuiswa simba rakawanda.

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anotungamira akawanda maaudiophiles kumhedziso yakareruka yekuti SCM7 (uye ATC dhizaini zvakajairika) inoda amplifier isina kusimba zvakanyanya sekunge paine yakaoma kuona maparamita, anokwanisa "kutyaira", "kudhonza", kudzora, "kutyaira." ” sezvingave “mutoro unorema” kureva SCM7. Nekudaro, iyo yakanyanya kudzika chirevo che "mutoro unorema" inoreva paramende yakasiyana zvachose (kupfuura kugona) - kureva. impedance (mutauri).

Zvose zvinoreva "mutoro wakaoma" (zvinechekuita nekushanda kana kukanganisa) zvinoda matanho akasiyana-siyana kuti akunde dambudziko iri, saka kusanganisa kunokonzera kusanzwisisana kwakakomba kwete chete padzidziso asiwo pazvikonzero zvinoshanda - chaizvo pakusarudza iyo amplifier yakakodzera.

Loudspeaker (loudspeaker, column, electro-acoustic transducer) inogashira simba remagetsi, rinofanirwa kunge riine impedance (load) kuti rishandurwe kuita ruzha kana kutopisa. Ipapo simba richasunungurwa pairi (sezvatinotoziva, zvinosuruvarisa, kunyanya mumhando yekupisa) maererano nemaitiro ekutanga anozivikanwa kubva kufizikiki.

Yepamusoro-yekupedzisira transistor amplifiers mune yakatsanangurwa huwandu hweyakakurudzirwa mutoro impedance inoita senge DC voltage masosi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sezvo iyo impedance yemutoro inodzikira pane yakagadziriswa voltage, yakawanda ikozvino inoyerera ichipfuura nepakati pematerminals (inversely proportional nekudzikira kwe impedance).

Uye sezvo iripo mune yemagetsi fomula iri quadratic, kunyangwe iyo impedance inodzikira, iro simba rinowedzera zvakapesana sezvo impedance inoderera. Mazhinji maamplifiers akanaka anozvibata nenzira iyi pazvipingamupinyi zviri pamusoro pe 4 ohms (saka pa 4 ohms simba rinenge rakapetwa kaviri kupfuura pa8 ohms), mamwe kubva ku2 ohms, uye ane simba zvakanyanya kubva ku1 ohm.

Asi yakajairwa amplifier ine impedance pazasi 4 ohms inogona kuve ne "zvinetswa" - iyo inobuda voltage inodonha, yazvino haichayerere zvakapesana sezvo iyo impedance inoderera, uye simba rinowedzera zvishoma kana kuderera. Izvi zvichaitika kwete chete pane imwe nzvimbo yemutongi, asiwo kana uchiongorora iyo yakanyanya (zita) simba reamplifier.

Iyo chaiyo yegudzanzwi impedance haisi kuramba ichipokana, asi inoshanduka frequency mhinduro (kunyangwe iyo yezita impedance inotemerwa nehunhu uhu uye minima yayo), saka zvinonetsa kunyatso kuenzanisa dhigirii rekuomarara - zvinoenderana nekudyidzana kwakapihwa. amplifier.

Mamwe maamplifiers haafarire hombe impedance phase angles (inosanganiswa nekusiyana kwe impedance), kunyanya kana ichiitika mumarenji ane yakaderera impedance modulus. Uyu "mutoro unorema" mune yekirasi (uye yakarurama) pfungwa, uye kubata mutoro wakadaro, unofanirwa kutsvaga amplifier yakakodzera iyo inopikisa kune yakaderera impedances.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, dzimwe nguva inonzi "ikozvino kunyatsoshanda" nekuti zvinototora yazvino (kupfuura yakaderera impedance) kuwana simba repamusoro pane yakaderera impedance. Zvisinei, panewo kusanzwisisana pano kuti vamwe "vanachipangamazano" vanoparadzanisa simba kubva kune ikozvino, vachitenda kuti amplifier inogona kuva yakaderera-simba, chero bedzi iine ngano.

Zvisinei, zvakakwana kuyera simba pane yakaderera impedance kuve nechokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvose zvakarongeka - shure kwezvose, tiri kutaura pamusoro pesimba rinobudiswa nemutauri, uye kwete ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nemutauri pachake.

ATX SCM7s yakaderera-inoshanda (iyo saka "yakaomarara" kubva pamaonero iwayo) uye ine zita rekuti impedance ye8 ohms (uye nekuda kweichi chikonzero chakakosha ivo "chiedza"). Nekudaro, maaudiophiles mazhinji haazosiyanise pakati penyaya idzi uye anozogumisa kuti uyu "unorema" mutoro - nekuda kwekuti SCM7 ichatamba chinyararire.

Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanozonzwika zvakanyanya kunyarara (pane imwe nzvimbo yekudzora vhoriyamu) kupfuura vamwe vatauri, kwete chete nekuda kwekushomeka kwekuita, asiwo yakakwirira impedance - vazhinji vatauri pamusika vane 4-ohm. Uye sezvatinotoziva, ine 4 ohm mutoro, yakawanda yazvino ichayerera kubva kune akawanda amplifiers uye simba rakawanda richagadzirwa.

Nokudaro, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pekushanda uye unyoro, zvisinei, kusanganisa izvi paramita zvakare kukanganisa kwakajairika kwevagadziri uye vashandisi. Kubudirira kunotsanangurwa sehutsigiro hwezwi uri chinhambwe che 1 m kubva pagudzanzwi kana simba re 1 W rinoshandiswa. Sensitivity - paunenge uchishandisa voltage ye 2,83 V. Pasinei

load impedance. Izvi zvinoreva "zvinoshamisa" zvinobvepi? 2,83 V kupinda 8 ohms inongova 1 W; saka, kune iyo impedance yakadaro, kugona uye sensitivity kukosha kwakafanana. Asi vazhinji vatauri vemazuva ano vane 4 ohms (uye sezvo vagadziri kazhinji uye vachivaratidza zvenhema se8 ohms, ndiyo imwe nyaya).

A voltage ye 2,83V inobva yaita kuti 2W iendeswe, iyo inopeta kaviri simba, iyo inoratidzwa mukuwedzera kwe 3dB mukudzvinyirirwa kwezwi. Kuyera kugona kwe4 ohm gudzanzwi, voltage inoda kudzikiswa kusvika pa2V, asi…

Kunyanya nekuti iyo SCM7, semamwe 8 ohm loudspeakers, iri "chiedza" impedance mutoro, inoratidzika kune vakawanda vashandisi - vanotonga "kuoma" muchidimbu, kureva. kuburikidza neprism yevhoriyamu yakagamuchirwa mune imwe nzvimbo. regulator (uye iyo voltage yakabatana nayo) "yakaoma" mutoro.

Uye ivo vanogona kunzwika kunyarara nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose (kana nekuda kwekubatana kwavo) - gudzanzwi rinogona kuita kushoma, asi rinopedza simba shoma. Kuti unzwisise rudzi rwemamiriro ezvinhu atiri kubata nawo, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive iwo akakosha paramita, uye kwete kungoenzanisa vhoriyamu inowanikwa kubva kune vaviri vatauri vakasiyana vakabatana kune imwechete amplifier ine imwechete yekudzora chinzvimbo.

Zvinoonekwa neamplifier

Mushandisi weSCM7 anonzwa gudzanzwi richirira zvinyoro nyoro uye zvine mutsindo anonzwisisa kuti amplifier inofanira kunge "yakaneta". Muchiitiko ichi, iyo amplifier "inoona" chete iyo impedance mhinduro - munyaya iyi yakakwirira, uye naizvozvo "chiedza" - uye haina kuneta, uye haina dambudziko nenyaya yokuti gudzanzwi rakashandura simba guru rekupisa. , kwete inzwi. Iyi inyaya "pakati pegudzanzwi nesu"; iyo amplifier "haizive" chero chinhu pamusoro pezvatinoona - ingave yakanyarara kana ruzha.

Ngatimbofungidzira kuti tinobatanidza yakasimba kwazvo 8-ohm resistor kune amplifiers ine simba rewatts akati wandei, makumi akati wandei, mazana akati wandei ... Kune wese wese, uyu mutoro usina dambudziko, munhu wese achapa mawatts akawanda sezvaanogona. kuramba kwakadaro, "vasingazivi kuti simba rose iroro rakashandurwa sei kupisa, kwete inzwi.

Musiyano uripo pakati pesimba rinogona kutorwa neanopikisa uye simba iro amplifier rinogona kuburitsa harina basa kune yekupedzisira, sezvakaita chokwadi chekuti simba remushonga maviri, gumi, kana zana rakapetwa. Anogona kutora zvakawanda, asi haafaniri kudaro.

Pane chero yeaya maamps ane dambudziko "kutyaira" iyo resistor? Uye kushandiswa kwayo kunorevei? Iwe uri kupa iyo yakanyanya simba iyo inogona kudhirowa? Zvinorevei kudzora gudzanzwi? Inongoburitsa simba rakawanda here kana kuti imwe kukosha yakaderera pamusoro iyo mukurukuri anotanga kunzwika zvakanaka? Iri ringava simba rerudzii?

Kana iwe ukafunga nezve "chikumbaridzo" chiri pamusoro apo gudzanzwi rinonzwika nechekare (mune dynamics, kwete frequency requirence), ipapo tsika dzakadzikira, pahurongwa hwe1 W, dzinopinda, kunyangwe nemagudzanzwi asingashande. . Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kukanganiswa kusina mutsara kunounzwa negudzanzwi pachayo kunowedzera (seyemuzana) nesimba rinowedzera kubva kumhando dzakaderera, saka iyo yakanyanya "yakachena" inzwi rinoonekwa patinotamba chinyararire.

Zvisinei, kana zvasvika pakuwana vhoriyamu uye simba rinotipa mwero wakafanira wemanzwiro emumhanzi, mubvunzo unova usingangotarisirwi chete, zvichienderana nezvido zvemunhu, asi kunyangwe kune mumwe muteereri haunzwisisike.

Izvo zvinoenderana nechero chinhambwe chinochipatsanura kubva kune vatauri - mushure mezvose, dzvinyiriro yemutsindo inodonha zvichienderana neskweya yechinhambwe. Tichada simba rakasiyana re "kutyaira" vatauri pa 1 m, uye imwe (kagumi nenhanhatu kupfuura) pa 4 m, kune zvatinoda.

mubvunzo ndewokuti, ndeipi amp icha "zviita"? Mazano akaoma ... Munhu wese ari kumirira mazano akareruka: tenga iyi amplifier, asi usatenga iyi, nokuti "haubudirire" ...

Uchishandisa iyo SCM7 semuenzaniso, inogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi: ivo havadi kugamuchira zana watts kuti vatambe zvinoyevedza uye zvinyararire. Vanofanira kuita kuti vatambe zvakanaka uye zvine ruzha. Nekudaro, ivo havazogamuchire anopfuura 100 watts, nekuti ivo vanoganhurwa nesimba ravo pachavo. Mugadziri anopa iyo yakakurudzirwa simba renji yeamplifier (zvichida zita, uye kwete simba rinofanirwa kupihwa "kazhinji") mukati me100-75 watts.

Zvinoratidzika, zvisinei, kuti 15cm midwoofer, kunyange yakakwirira-yekupedzisira seyo inoshandiswa pano, haingagamuchiri 300W ... Nhasi, vagadziri vanowanzopa miganhu yakakwirira yakadaro pamagetsi anokurudzirwa ekubatanidza amplifiers, anewo zvikonzero zvakasiyana. - inotora simba regudzanzwi guru, asi haimanikidzi kunze kweizvi... harisi simba rakayerwa rinofanirwa kubata gudzanzwi.

Magetsi angave newe here?

Zvinogonawo kufungidzirwa kuti amplifier inofanira kuva nayo power reserve (zvinei nechiyero chesimba regudzanzwi) kuitira kuti isaremerwe mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu (nenjodzi yekukuvadza gudzanzwi). Izvi, zvisinei, hazvina chokuita ne "kuoma" kwekushanda nemukurukuri.

Hazvina musoro kusiyanisa pakati pezvitaurisa "zvinoda" huwandu uhu hwemusoro kubva kune amplifier neavo vasingade. Zvinoita kune mumwe munhu kuti simba rekuchengetedza yeamplifier neimwe nzira inonzwa nemutauri, mukurukuri anodzorera iyi chengetedzo, uye zviri nyore kuti amplifier ishande ... , inogona "kugona" ine simba rakawanda mukuchengetedza kana kuputika kwenguva pfupi ...

Panewo dambudziko rezvinonzi damping factorzvinoenderana nekubuda impedance yeamplifier. Asi zvakawanda pamusoro pazvo munyaya inotevera.