Ndedzipi matunhu ane mota dzemagetsi dzakawanda?

Mumakore achangopfuura, motokari dzemagetsi dzave dzakafukidzwa zvakanyanya, kwete nekuda kwekukurumbira kwadzo. MaAmerican mhiri kweUnited States vari kuchinjisa kumotokari dzemagetsi (EVs). Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana zveizvi, asi chikuru chishuwo chekudzikisa kuburitswa kwemafuta uye kutora mukana wekukurudzira kwemari kunopihwa nehurumende nehurumende.

Zvave kuzivikanwa kuti California ndiyo nyika iyo mota dzemagetsi dzinonyanya kufarirwa, ine anopfuura 400,000 mayunitsi akatengeswa pakati pe2008 ne2018. Asi ndedzipi nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekugara muUS kana uine mota yemagetsi? Ndedzipi nyika dzine mutengo wakaderera wekuwedzera mafuta kana zviteshi zvekuchaja zvakanyanya?

Isu takaunganidza huwandu hukuru hwe data kuti tiite imwe neimwe yeUS mamiriro zvichienderana nehuwandu hwakasiyana, uye kuongorora yega yega data data zvakadzama pazasi.

Kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi

Nzvimbo yakanyatsojeka yekutanga ichava nhamba yekutengesa. Nyika dzine varidzi veEV vakawanda vanozokurudzirwa kuvagara nekuvandudza zvivakwa zvavo zveEV, nekudaro zvichiita kuti nyika idzi ive nzvimbo iri nani yekuti varidzi veEV vagare. Nekudaro, iyo nyika dzine huwandu hwepamusoro hwekutengesa, zvisingashamise, nyika dzine huwandu hukuru. Saka takasarudza kutarisa kukura kwekutengesa kwepagore munharaunda yega yega pakati pe2016 ne2017 kuti tione kuti kukura kweEVs kwakakura kupi.

Oklahoma ndiyo yaive nyika ine kukura kukuru kwekutengesa kubva muna 2016 kusvika 2017. Izvi zvinonyanya kufadza sezvo nyika isingape vagari vayo kurudziro kana zororo remutero kuti vatenge mota yemagetsi, sezvazviri mumatunhu mazhinji.

Nyika iyo yakaona kushomeka kwekutengesa pakati pe2016 na2017 yaive Wisconsin, ine 11.4% kudonha, kunyangwe varidzi veEV vakapihwa kiredhiti yemutero uye zvikwereti zvemafuta nemidziyo. Kazhinji, dzimwe nyika dzakaona kudonha kwekutengesa dzaive dziri kure kumaodzanyemba, seGeorgia neTennessee, kana kuchamhembe kure, seAlaska neNorth Dakota.

Sezvineiwo, California iri muchikamu chepasi chechikamu ichi, kunyangwe izvo zvinonzwisisika zvakapihwa kuti kutengesa kweEV kwakatosimbiswa ipapo.

Kuzivikanwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi nehurumende

Musoro wekutengesa wakaita kuti tibvunze kuti ndedzipi mota dzemagetsi dzainyanya kufarirwa mudunhu rega rega. Mushure metsvakiridzo, takaisa mepu pazasi inoratidza EV yakatsvakwa zvakanyanya paGoogle mudunhu rega rega.

Nepo dzimwe dzemotokari dzinoratidzwa pano dziri mota dzemagetsi dzine mutengo wakafanana neChevy Bolt neKia Soul EV, mazhinji acho anodhura kupfuura anogona kutengwa nevanhu vazhinji. Mumwe angatarisira zita rinonyanya kufarirwa kuve Tesla, sezvo yakafanana nemotokari yemagetsi, asi zvinoshamisa, mota yemagetsi inonyanya kufarirwa mumatunhu mazhinji ndeye BMW i8, mota yakasanganiswa yemitambo. Sezvineiwo, ndiyo zvakare mota inodhura zvakanyanya pamepu.

Inonyanya kufarirwa motokari mu2nd uye 3rd vakawanda inoti zvose Tesla mienzaniso kureva Model X uye Model S. Kunyange zvazvo zvose motokari idzi hadzisi kudhura sezvo i8, vachiri kudhura chaizvo.

Ehe, izvi zvabuda zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuti vanhu vazhinji vari kutsvaga idzi mota havasi kuzodzitenga; vanogona kunge vachitsvaga ruzivo pamusoro pavo nekuda kwekuda kuziva.

Mafuta emafuta - magetsi vs. peturu

Chinhu chakakosha pamuridzi wemotokari mutengo wemafuta. Takafunga kuti zvingave zvinonakidza kuenzanisa eGallon (muripo wekufamba chinhambwe chakafanana segaroni repeturu) nepeturu yechinyakare. Nyika inotungamira mune izvi iLouisiana, inobhadharisa masendi makumi masere nemanomwe pagaloni. Sezvineiwo, Louisiana inowanzotambura kubva kune dzimwe nhamba - semuenzaniso, inomira makumi mana nemana mukukura kwekutengesa kwegore uye, sezvatichaona pazasi, ine imwe yeakaderera nhamba yezviteshi zvekuchaja zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika. Saka inogona kunge iri nyika yakanaka yemitengo yeGallon, asi uchafanirwa kutarisira kuti unogara mukati mekutyaira chinhambwe cheimwe yezviteshi zveveruzhinji kana kuti ungapinda mudambudziko.

Louisiana nevamwe vese vepamusoro makumi maviri neshanu vane hukama hwepedyo kune mumwe nemumwe - mutsauko pakati pe25 ne25st nzvimbo ingori 1 cents. Zvichakadaro, muzasi 25, mhedzisiro yacho yakapararira…

Iyo nyika ine yakanyanya EV mitengo yemafuta iHawaii, uko mutengo uri $2.91 per galoni. Inenge dhora rinopfuura Alaska (2nd kubva pazasi pane iyi runyorwa), Hawaii inoita kunge isiri pachinzvimbo chepamusoro. Zvakadaro, nyika inopa zvidzikiso uye kuregererwa kwevaridzi vemotokari dzemagetsi: Hawaiian Electric Company inopa nguva-ye-kushandisa mitengo kune vese vatengi vekugara nevekutengesa, uye nyika inopa rusununguko kubva kune imwe mari yekupaka pamwe nekushandisa mahara HOV. nzira.

Iwe unogona zvakare kufarira musiyano wemutengo pakati pepeturu nemotokari dzemagetsi kana uri kufunga kuchinja mota yako. Panyaya iyi, iyo yepamusoro-soro nyika iWashington, ine yakakosha $2.40 mutsauko, iyo, sezvaungafungidzira, ingadai yakachengetedza mari yakawanda nekufamba kwenguva. Pamusoro pekupesana kukuru uku (kunyanya nekuda kwemutengo wakaderera wemafuta emagetsi mudunhu iroro), Washington inopawo mamwe makiredhiti emutero uye kudzoreredzwa kwemadhora mazana mashanu kune vatengi vane majaja eTier 500 akakodzera, zvichiita kuti ive nyika yakanaka kune varidzi vemotokari dzemagetsi.

Nhamba yezviteshi zvekuchaja

Kuwanikwa kwemafuta kwakakoshawo, ndosaka takaisa nyika yega yega nehuwandu hwezviteshi zvekuchaja veruzhinji. Zvakadaro, izvi hazvitarise huwandu hwevanhu - nyika diki inogona kunge iine zviteshi zvishoma pane yakakura, nekuti pane zvishoma zvavanoda muhuwandu. Saka takatora zvawanikwa izvi tikazvipatsanura nefungidziro yehuwandu hwevanhu, zvichiratidza chiyero chehuwandu kune zviteshi zvekuchaja veruzhinji.

Vermont yakamira pekutanga muchikamu ichi nevanhu 3,780 pachiteshi chekuchaja. Pakuwongororazve nyika, yakangotora 42nd maererano nemitengo yemafuta, saka haisi imwe yenzvimbo dzakachipa kugaramo kana uine mota yemagetsi. Kune rimwe divi, Vermont yakaonawo kukura kwakakosha mukutengesa kweEV pakati pa2016 na2017, izvo zvinogona kukurumidza kusimudzira budiriro yakanaka yezvivakwa zveEV zvehurumende. Nokudaro, inogona kunge ichiri mamiriro akanaka ekutevera kukura kwayo.

Nyika ine vanhu vakawanda pane imwe chiteshi chekuchaja iAlaska, izvo hazvishamise nekuti kune zviteshi zvipfumbamwe chete zvekuchaja veruzhinji mudunhu rese! Nzvimbo yeAlaska iri kuramba ichiderera nekuti, sezvambotaurwa, inomira pechipiri maererano nemitengo yemafuta. Yakaisawo 2nd muhuwandu hwekutengesa mota dzemagetsi mugore rechina uye 4th mukukura kwekutengesa pakati pe2017nd ne2. Zviripachena, Alaska haisi iyo yakanakisa nyika kune varidzi vemotokari dzemagetsi.

Huwandu hunotevera hunoratidza chikamu chemusika cheEV chenyika imwe neimwe (nemamwe mazwi, chikamu chemota dzese dzevatakuri dzakatengeswa muna 2017 dzaive maEV). Zvakafanana nehuwandu hwekutengesa kweEV, izvi zvinopa nzwisiso kumatunhu uko maEV anonyanya kufarirwa uye nekudaro anogona kukoshesa budiriro ine chekuita neEV.

Sezvaungatarisira, California ine chikamu chepamusoro chemusika ne5.02%. Izvi zvakapetwa kaviri mugove wemusika weWashington (yechipiri pakukura nyika), izvo zvinoratidza kuti zvakanyanyowanda zvakadii zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika. California inopawo huwandu hukuru hwekukurudzira, zvidzoreso, uye zvidzikiso kune varidzi vemotokari dzemagetsi, saka zvinopera pasina kutaura kuti iyi ingave mamiriro akanaka kune varidzi vemotokari dzemagetsi. Dzimwe nyika dzine musika weEV wepamusoro dzinosanganisira Oregon (2%), Hawaii (2.36%) neVermont (2.33%).

Nyika ine yakaderera EV musika share ndeye Mississippi ine chikamu chakazara che0.1%, izvo hazvishamise nekuti 128 EVs chete dzakatengeswa ipapo mu2017. Sezvataona, iyo nyika zvakare ine chiyero chisina kunaka chezviteshi zvekuchaja kune huwandu hwevanhu uye avhareji yegore rekutengesa kukura. Kunyangwe mitengo yemafuta yakadzikira, izvi hazviratidzike semamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kune varidzi veEV.

mhedziso

Saka, pasina imwezve ado, heino kurongeka kwedu kwenzvimbo dzakanakisa dzevaridzi veEV. Kana iwe uchida kuona nzira yedu yekugadzira zviyero, unogona kuzviita pazasi pechinyorwa.

Zvinoshamisa kuti California haina kubuda pamusoro-nzvimbo yekutanga yaive Oklahoma! Kunyange yaive neiyo diki yemusika weEV yematunhu makumi mashanu, yakakwira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudhura kwemafuta uye kugovaniswa kwakanyanya kwezviteshi zvekuchaja zvine chekuita nehuwandu hwevanhu. Oklahoma yakaonawo kukura kwayo kwepamusoro kwekutengesa kubva 1 kusvika 50, ichipa iyo kukunda. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Oklahoma ine mukana mukuru senyika yevaridzi vemotokari dzemagetsi kuti vagare. Ramba uchifunga kuti nyika parizvino haipe chero mabhenefiti kana kukurudzira kune vagari vayo kutenga mota yemagetsi, kunyangwe izvi zvingachinja nekufamba kwenguva.

California iri pachinhanho chechipiri. Kunyangwe kuve neiyo yepamusoro yeEV musika mugove uye imwe yepamusoro yekuchaja chiteshi-kune-huwandu reshiyo, nyika yakatambura neavhareji mutengo wemafuta uye kusakura kwegore negore kwekutengesa muna 2-2016.

Nzvimbo ye3 inoenda kuWashington. Kunyange zvazvo chikamu chayo chemusika weEV chakanga chiri pakati uye kukura kwekutengesa kwegore negore kwakanga kusina kusimba, izvi zvakagadziriswa nehuwandu hwezviteshi zvekuchaja maererano nehuwandu hwevanhu, pamwe chete nekunyanya kuderera kwemafuta. Muchokwadi, kana ukachinja kuenda kumotokari yemagetsi muWashington, unochengeta $2.40 pagaloni, inogona kuenzana nemadhora makumi maviri nemasere kusvika pamadhora makumi matatu nematanhatu patangi, zvichienderana nekukura kwemota. Zvino ngatitarisei nyika dzisina kubudirira ...

Mhedzisiro kune imwe magumo ezviyero hazvisi kunyanya kushamisa. Alaska inomira yekupedzisira iine 5.01 mapoinzi chete. Kunyange zvazvo mari yemafuta ehurumende yaingova pakati, yakashanda zvakashata pane zvimwe zvinhu zvose: yakanga iri pedyo zvikuru nechepasi mumugove wemusika weEV uye kukura kwekutengesa kwegore negore, nepo nzvimbo yayo yaiva pasi pezviyero. zviteshi zvakasimbisa magumo ake.

Mapoka makumi maviri nemashanu evarombo asara akanyatsobatanidzwa. Mazhinji acho ari pakati penzvimbo dzakachipa maererano nemitengo yemafuta, inokwirisa mune izvi. Kwavanowanzo kuwira mune chikamu chemusika (iyo chete inosarudzika kumutemo uyu iHawaii).

Isu takasarudza kutarisa pazvinhu zvishoma zvingakupa iwe pfungwa yekuti ndedzipi nyika dzeUS dzinonyanya kufarira mota dzemagetsi, asi kune zvisingaverengeke zvimwe zvinogona kukanganisa. Mamiriroi ezvinhu anganyanya kukosha kwauri?

Kana iwe uchida kuona rumwe ruzivo nezve data redu, pamwe nekwavanobva, tinya pano.

methodology

Mushure mekuongorora data rese riri pamusoro, isu taida kutsvaga nzira yekubatanidza imwe neimwe yemapoinzi edu edata nemumwe nemumwe kuitira kuti tiedze kugadzira chibodzwa chekupedzisira uye kuona kuti ndeipi nyika yaive yakanakira varidzi veEV. Saka takamisa chinhu chimwe nechimwe muchidzidzo tichishandisa minimax normalization kuti tiwane zvibodzwa kubva pagumi pachinhu chimwe nechimwe. Pazasi ndiyo chaiyo formula:

Mhedzisiro = (x-min(x))/(max(x)-min(x))

Takazopeta maresults kuti tisvike pafinal score ye40 mudunhu rega rega.