Variator kubva A kusvika Z

Iyo CVT-mhando yekufambisa kubva mukamuri yevatakuri yemotokari yakamira inenge isingazivikanwe kubva kumuchina waunoziva. Pano iwe unogona kuona selector lever uye mavara anozivikanwa PNDR, hapana clutch pedal. Iyo inoramba ichichinja CVT kutapurirana inoshanda sei mumotokari dzemazuva ano? Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati petoroidal uye V-belt variator? Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.

CVT - inoramba ichichinja kutapurirana

Pakati pemhando dzekutumira, inomira isina nhanho variator, iyo ine basa rekufambisa torque. Kutanga, zvishoma nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare.

Nhoroondo yeCVT

Kana zvasvika kune kumashure kweiyo variator mudziyo, hunhu hwaLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) hunotaurwa. Mumabasa emuItari muimbi uye sainzi, munhu anogona kuwana tsananguro dzekutanga dzekuenderera kuchinjika kutapurirana kwakachinja zvakanyanya nezana ramakore reXNUMX. Vagayo veMiddle Ages vaizivawo musimboti waiva pamudziyo wacho. Vachishandisa bhandi rinodhiraivha nemakoni, vanogaya nemaoko vaigadzira guyo uye vakachinja kumhanya kwekutenderera kwavo.

Anenge makore 400 akapfuura kusati kwaonekwa kwekutanga patent yezvakagadzirwa. Tiri kutaura nezve toroidal variator patented muna 1886 muEurope. Kubudirira kushandiswa kweCVT kutapurirana pamidhudhudhu yemujaho kwakatungamira kune chokwadi chekuti pakutanga kwezana ramakore reXNUMX kurambidzwa kwekutora chikamu kwemidziyo ine CVTs kwakaunzwa mumakwikwi. Kuchengetedza makwikwi ane hutano, kurambidzwa kwakadaro kwakazviita kuti vanzwe mukati mezana ramakore rapfuura.

Kushandiswa kwekutanga kweautomotor variator kwakatangira muna 1928. Zvadaro, nekuda kwekuedza kwevagadziri vekambani yeBritish Clyno Engineering, motokari ine CVT-type transmission yakawanikwa. Nekuda kwekuderera kwehunyanzvi tekinoroji, muchina uyu hauna kusiyaniswa nekuvimbika uye kugona kwakanyanya.

Nhau itsva yenhoroondo yakaitika muHolland. Muridzi weDAF kunetsekana, Van Dorn, akagadzira uye akashandisa iyo Variomatic dhizaini. Zvigadzirwa zvechirimwa ndiyo yekutanga mutsauko wehuwandu hwekushandisa.

Nhasi, makambani ane mukurumbira pasi rose kubva kuJapan, USA, Germany ari kushingaira kudzidzira kuisirwa kunoramba kuchichinja-chinja kutapurirana pamotokari. Kuti isangane nemamiriro enguva, mudziyo unogara uchivandudzwa.

Chii chinonzi CVT

CVT inomirira kuti Continuous Variable Transmission. Yakashandurwa kubva kuChirungu, izvi zvinoreva "kuramba uchichinja kutapurirana." Muchokwadi, kuenderera mberi kunoratidzwa nekuti shanduko yegiya reshiyo hainzwiki nemutyairi chero nzira (hapana hunhu hunotyisa). Kufambiswa kwe torque kubva kumota kuenda kumavhiri ekutyaira kunoitwa pasina kushandisa nhamba shoma yematanho, saka kutapurirana kunonzi kunoramba kuchichinja. Kana iyo CVT yekumisikidzwa ichiwanikwa mukumaka kwekumisikidzwa kwemotokari, saka tiri kutaura nezve chokwadi chekuti variator inoshandiswa.

Mhando dzevariators

Chinhu chechimiro chine basa rekufambisa torque kubva kune drive shaft kuenda kune inofambiswa shaft inogona kuve V-bhandi, cheni kana roller. Kana iyo yakatsanangurwa dhizaini yakasarudzwa sehwaro hwekugadzika, zvino zvinotevera CVT sarudzo dzichawanikwa:

• V-belt;
• cuneiform;
• toroidal.

Aya marudzi ekufambisa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemotokari, kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvemidziyo inokonzeresa shanduko mugiya regiya.

Sei kutapurirana kusina nhanho kuchidiwa

Nekuda kwekutapurirana kusina nhanho, injini yekupisa yemukati inotumira torque pasina kunonoka chero nguva yekushanda kwayo. Kunonoka kwakadaro kunoitika kana giya reshiyo richichinja. Semuyenzaniso, kana mutyairi achichinja bhuku rekufambisa revhisi kune imwe nzvimbo kana otomatiki kutapurirana kunoita basa rayo. Nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekutapurirana, mota inonyatso kusimudza kumhanya, kugona kwemota kunowedzera, uye humwe hupfumi hwemafuta hunowanikwa.

Chishandiso uye musimboti wekushanda kwevariator

Mibvunzo pamusoro pekuti mudziyo weiyo variator chii uye kuti iyo nheyo yekushanda kwayo ichakurukurwa zvakadzama. Asi kutanga iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ndezvipi zvakakosha zvezvimiro zvinhu.

Main components

Iyo CVT kutapurirana inosanganisira yekutyaira uye inotyairwa pulleys, bhandi (cheni kana roller) inovabatanidza, uye control system. Mapulleys ari pamatanda uye anotaridzika semahafu maviri echimiro checonical, akatarisana nepamusoro pemakoni. Iyo yakasarudzika yemakoni ndeyekuti ivo vanogona kuchinjika uye kusiyanisa mune yakapihwa renji. Kunyanya, koni imwe inofamba, nepo imwe yacho inoramba isingafambi. Kufamba kwemapulleys pamashafts kunodzorwa neiyo control system inogamuchira data kubva kumota pabhodhi komputa.

Zvakare zvikamu zvikuru zveCVT ndezvi:

• torque inoshandura (ine basa rekufambisa torque kubva ku injini kuenda kune yekuisa shaft yekutapurirana);
• muviri wevhavha (inopa mafuta kune inotenderera pulleys);
• mafirita kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwesimbi uye deposits;
• radiators (bvisa kupisa kubva mubhokisi);
• planetary mechanism inopa reverse kufamba kwemota.

V-belt variator

Iyo V-belt variator inomiririrwa neaviri anotsvedza uye anowedzera pulleys akabatanidzwa nesimbi bhandi. Nekudzikisa dhayamita yedhiraivha yedhiraivha, kuwedzera panguva imwe chete muhupamhi hwepulley inofambiswa inoitika, iyo inoratidza giya rekudzikisa. Kuwedzera dhayamita yedhiraivha pulley inopa yakawandisa.

Kuchinja kudzvinyirira kwemvura inoshanda kunokanganisa kufamba kwekoni yedhiraivha pulley. Iyo pulley inotyairwa inoshandura dhayamita yayo nekuda kwebhandi rakamanikidzwa uye chitubu chekudzoka. Kunyangwe kushanduka kudiki kwekumanikidza mukufambiswa kunokanganisa giya reshiyo.

Bhandi mudziyo

Bhandi rakaita bhandi reCVT rine tambo dzesimbi kana mitsetse. Nhamba yavo inogona kusvika kusvika zvidimbu gumi nemaviri. Iyo mitsetse inowanikwa imwe pamusoro peimwe uye yakasungirirwa pamwe chete nesimbi staples. Chimiro chakaoma chemabhuraketi chinobvumira kwete chete kusungira mitsetse, asiwo kupa kushamwaridzana nemapulleys anodiwa pakushanda kwekufambisa.

Kudzivirirwa kubva pakupfeka kwakakurumidza kunopiwa nekuputira. Inodzivirirawo bhandi kuti risatsvedza pamusoro pemapulley panguva yekushanda. Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, hazvibatsiri kushandisa matehwe kana mabhandi esilicone nekuda kwediki diki rechikamu.

V-chain variator

Iyo V-chain variator yakafanana neiyo V-bhandi, chete ketani inobata basa rekutapurirana pakati pedhiraivha uye inofambiswa shafts. Kuguma kweketani, iyo inobata conical pamusoro pemapulleys, inokonzera kutapurirana kwe torque.

Nekuda kwekushanduka kwayo kukuru, V-chain vhezheni yeCVT inoshanda zvakanyanya.

Nheyo yekushanda kwayo yakanyatsofanana neyekutumira nebhandi drive.

Circuit mudziyo

Iyo ketani ine mahwendefa esimbi, imwe neimwe ine mabheti ekubatanidza. Nekuda kwekubatana kunofambiswa pakati pemahwendefa mune dhizaini yeketani, ivo vanopa kuchinjika uye vanochengeta torque pane yakapihwa nhanho. Nekuda kwezvisungo zvakarongwa muchekibhodhi pateni, ketani ine simba rakawanda.

Simba rekuputsika kweketani yakakwirira kudarika yebhanhire. Kuiswa kweLug kunogadzirwa kubva kune alloys anoramba kupfeka nekukurumidza. Vanovharwa nerubatsiro rwekuisa, chimiro chayo chiri semi-cylindrical. Chimiro chekugadzira chetani ndechekuti vanogona kutambanudza. Ichi chokwadi chinokanganisa kushanda kweiyo inoramba ichichinja-chinja kutapurirana, saka, inoda kunyatsotariswa panguva yakarongwa kuchengetedza.

Toroidal variator

Iyo toroidal mhando yeCVT gearbox haina kunyanya kuwanda. Chinhu chinocherechedzwa chemudziyo ndechekuti pachinzvimbo chebhanhire kana cheni, ma roller anotenderera anoshandiswa pano (akatenderedza axis yayo, pendulum mafambiro kubva kudhiraivha pulley kuenda kune inotyairwa).

Nheyo yekushanda ndeyekufamba panguva imwe chete yema rollers pamusoro pehafu yepulleys. Iyo yepamusoro yehafu ine chimiro che toroid, saka zita rekutumira. Kana iyo yekubata nedhisiki yekutyaira ichionekwa pamutsara weiyo radius yakakura, ipapo poindi yekusangana neinofambiswa dhisiki icharara pamutsara weiyo diki radius. Iyi chinzvimbo inoenderana neiyo overdrive mode. Kana ma rollers achienda kune shaft inofambiswa, gear inoderedzwa.

CVT muindasitiri yemotokari

Mabhureki emotokari ari kuvandudza adzo sarudzo dzekuramba dzichichinjika kutapurirana. Chinetso chimwe nechimwe chinodoma budiriro nenzira yayo:

1. Durashift CVT, Ecotronic - American shanduro kubva Ford;
2. Multitronic uye Autotronic - German CVTs kubva Audi uye Mercedes-Benz;
3. Multidrive (Toyota), Lineartronic (Subaru), X-Tronic uye Hyper (Nissan), Multimatic (Honda) - mazita aya anogona kuwanikwa pakati pevagadziri veJapan.

Zvakanakira uye zvakashata zveCVT

Kufanana nemanyorero kana otomatiki kutapurirana, anoramba achichinja-chinja ane zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Zvakanakira ndezvi:

• kufamba kwakasununguka nemotokari (chinzvimbo "D" pane chisarudzo chakaiswa pamberi pekutanga kufamba, injini inomhanyisa uye inononoka mota isina jerks hunhu hwemakanika uye otomatiki);
• yunifomu mutoro painjini, iyo inosanganiswa neiyo chaiyo mashandiro ekutapurirana uye inobatsira kuhupfumi hwemafuta;
• kuderedza kubudiswa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumhepo;
• dynamic acceleration yemotokari;
• kushayikwa kwevhiri kutsvedza, izvo zvinowedzera kuchengetedzeka (kunyanya kana zvasvika pakutyaira mumamiriro echando).

Pamaminusi ekutenderera anoramba achichinjika kutapurirana, kutariswa kunokweverwa kwavari:

• kudziviswa kunovaka pakusanganiswa kweiyo variator ine simba mukati memoto injini (kusvika parizvino tinogona kungotaura nezve mashoma makopi emota dzine tandem yakadaro);
• zviwanikwa zvishoma kunyange nekugadzirisa nguva dzose;
• kugadzirisa kunodhura (kutenga);
• njodzi dzakakwirira kana uchitenga motokari yakashandiswa neCVT (kubva ku "nguruve mupoke" series, sezvo zvisinganyatsozivikanwi kuti muridzi wekare akashanda sei motokari iri kutengeswa);
• nhamba shomanana yezvivako zvebasa umo masters aizotora kugadziriswa kwechigadzirwa (munhu wose anoziva nezveCVTs);
• kurambidzwa kudhonza uye kushandisa turera;
• kutsamira pama sensors ekutarisa (pa-bhodhi komputa kana ikasashanda ichapa data isiriyo yekushanda);
• mafuta anodhura egiya uye chinodiwa chekugara uchitarisisa mwero wayo.

CVT zviwanikwa

Iwo nuances ekushanda (mamiriro emumugwagwa, maitiro ekutyaira) uye kuwanda kwekugadziriswa kweCVT kutapurirana kunokanganisa sosi yechishandiso.

Kana mirairo yemugadziri isingateverwi, kana mitemo yenguva dzose yekuchengetedza ichiputswa, hazvibatsiri kuverenga hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.

Izvo zviwanikwa ndeye 150 zviuru zvemakiromita, kutapurirana, sekutonga, hakurevi zvakanyanya. Pane zviitiko zvega apo CVT yakachinjwa sechikamu chekugadzirisa waranti pamotokari dzisina kupfuura 30 zviuru zvemakiromita. Asi izvi zvinosiyana nemutemo. Chikamu chikuru chinokanganisa hupenyu hwebasa ndiro bhanhire (ketani). Chikamu chinoda kutariswa kwemutyairi, nekuti nekupfeka kwakanyanya, CVT inogona kuputsa zvachose.

zvakawanikwa

Kana zvasvika kumotokari dzinoramba dzichichinja-chinja torque kutapurirana, pane chikonzero chekuongorora kwakashata. Chikonzero ndechekuti node inoda kugara ichigadziriswa, uye sosi yayo idiki. Mubvunzo wekutenga mota neCVT, munhu wese anozvisarudzira ega. Iko kutapurirana kune zvakanakira uye nekuipira. Mukupedzisa, iwe unogona kupa yambiro - kana uchitenga yakashandiswa mota ine CVT, iwe unofanirwa kungwarira zvakanyanya. Muridzi wemotokari yakashandiswa anogona kuvanza maitiro ekushanda, uye CVT munyaya iyi isarudzo yakaoma yekufambisa kwemagetsi.