Britain muHondo Yenyika II: Chikunguru 1940–Chikumi 1941
Munguva yekurwiswa kweMers El Kébir, ngarava yehondo yeFrance Bretagne (mushure) yakarohwa, zvitoro zvayo zvepfuti munguva pfupi.
rakaputika, zvichiita kuti chikepe chinyure pakarepo. 977 vakuru veFrance nevafambisi vengarava vakafira muchikepe.
Pashure pokuwa kweFrance, Britain yakazviwana imene iri mumugariro wakaoma. Ndiyo chete nyika yakaramba ichirwisana neGermany, iyo yakatora uye inodzora inenge kondinendi yose: France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Poland, Czech Republic, uye Austria. Nyika dzakasara dzaive mubatanidzwa weGermany (Italy neSlovakia) kana kuti vakaramba vasina kwavakarerekera (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Finland neSpain). Portugal, Switzerland neSweden vaive vasina sarudzo kunze kwekutengesa neGermany, sezvo vaigona kubatwa nechisimba cheGerman chero nguva. IUSSR yakatevedzera Chibvumirano CheKusarwa uye Chibvumirano cheMutual Trade, ichitsigira Germany nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa.
Mukati mezhizha rinotyisa ra1940, Great Britain yakakwanisa kuzvidzivirira pachayo pakurwisana nemhepo yeGermany. Kurwisa kwemhepo kwemasikati kwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma muna Gunyana 1940 uye kwakashanduka kuita kushungurudzwa kwehusiku muna Gumiguru 1940. Kunatsiridzwa kwemhepo yekudzivirira kwemhepo kwakatanga kupikisa zvakanyanya kushanda kweusiku kweLuftwaffe. Panguva imwecheteyo, kwaive nekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwezvombo zveBritain, izvo zvichiri kutya kurwiswa kweGerman, uko maGerman akasiya chaizvo munaGunyana, zvishoma nezvishoma vachitarisa kuronga uyezve kugadzirira kuvhozhokera kweSoviet Union muchirimo cha1941.
Great Britain yakatora hondo yenguva refu neGermany kusvika pakukunda kwakakwana, uko nyika isina kumbobvira yakahadzika. Nekudaro, zvaive zvakafanira kusarudza zano rekurwisa maGerman. Zvaive pachena kuti panyika Britain yaisamboenderana neWehrmacht, ndoda kutarisana nevabatsiri vayo veGerman panguva imwe chete. Mamiriro acho aiita seakamira - Germany inotonga kondinendi, asi haikwanise kupinda muGreat Britain, nekuda kwezvirambidzo mumunda wekutakura mauto uye kutsigirwa kwezvinhu, kushaikwa kwekutonga kwemhepo uye mukana weBritish mugungwa.
Kukunda muHondo yeBritain kwakamisa kurwisa kweGerman kuBritish Isles. Asi pakanga paine kugadzikana nekuti Britain haina kana simba rekukunda maGerman nemaItaly pakondinendi. Saka ndoita sei?
MuHondo Yenyika I, Great Britain yakashandisa kuvharika kwemauto egungwa kuita basa guru. Panguva iyoyo, maGermany akanga asina saltpeter, yaicherwa kunyanya muChile neIndia, iyo yakanga yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwepfuti uye propellants, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinoputika. Zvisinei, panguva yeHondo Yenyika I, nzira yeHaber neBosch yekuwana ammonia zvisiri izvo, pasina kudiwa kwe saltpeter, yakagadzirwa muGermany. Kunyange Hondo Yenyika I isati yatanga, nyanzvi yekemisitiri yokuGermany Fritz Hofmann akatangawo nzira yokuwana nayo rabha yakagadzirwa pasina kushandisa rabha inotorwa kubva kuSouth America. Mumakore ekuma20, kugadzirwa kwerabha yekugadzira kwakatangwa pachiyero cheindasitiri, izvo zvakazoita kuti ive yakasununguka kubva kune zverubha. Tungsten yainyanya kutengwa kubva kuPortugal, kunyange zvazvo Great Britain yakaedza kumisa zvinhu izvi, kusanganisira kutenga chikamu chikuru chekugadzirwa kwe tungsten ore nechiPutukezi. Asi kuvharika kwechikepe kuchiri kuita zvine musoro, nekuti dambudziko guru reGermany raive oiri.
Imwe mhinduro ndeyekubhomba kwemuchadenga kunogumbura zvinhu zvakakosha muGermany. Great Britain yaive nyika yechipiri mushure meUnited States uko dzidziso yekushanda kwemhepo yakagadziridzwa nemukuru weItaly Gulio Douhet yaive yakajeka uye nehunyanzvi hwakagadziridzwa. Mutsigiri wekutanga wekugadzira bhomba ndiye murume kumashure kwekuumbwa kweRoyal Air Force muna 1918 - General (RAF Marshal) Hugh M. Trenchard. Maonero ake akapfuuridzirwa naGeneral Edgar R. Ludlow-Hewitt, mukuru weBomber Command muna 1937-1940. Zvikepe zvine simba zvinobhomba zvaiva zvekubvisa indasitiri yemuvengi uye kugadzira mamiriro ekugara akashata munyika ine utsinye zvokuti tsika dzevagari vemo dzaizoparara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vakapererwa vaizotungamira mukupidigura uye kupidigura zviremera zvehurumende, sezvakaitika munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Kwaikarirwa kuti mukati mehondo yaitevera, kurwisa kwebhomba kunoparadza nyika yomuvengi kwaigona zvakare kutungamirira kumamiriro mamwe chetewo.
Nekudaro, kurwisa kweBritish bhomba kwakakura zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 1939 uye muhafu yokutanga ya1940, zvinenge zvisina mabasa akadaro akaitwa, kunze kwekurwisa kusina kubudirira pazvigaro zvehondo zveGermany uye kubudiswa kwemapepa eparaganda. Chikonzero chaive kutya kuti Germany yaizorasikirwa nevagari vemo, izvo zvaigona kutungamira kutsiva kweGerman nenzira yekubhomba maguta eBritish neFrance. VaBritish vakamanikidzwa kufunga nezvekunetseka kweFrench, saka vakarega kugadzira zvizere
bhomba rinogumbura.
