Hungarian light tank 38.M "Toldi" I Mukuwirirana negadziriro dzeTrianon Peace Treaty ya 1919, Hungary, kufanana neGermany, yakarambidzwa kuva nemotokari dzine zvombo. Asi muchirimo cha1920, matangi gumi nemaviri eLKII - Leichte Kampfwagen LK-II - akatorwa muchivande kubva kuGermany kuenda kuHungary. Iwo ma control commission haana kumboawana.. Uye muna 1928, vaHungarian vakatenga pachena matangi maviri eChirungu "Carden-Loyd" Mk VI, mushure memakore matatu - matangi mashanu eItaly chiedza "Fiat-3B" (chiHungarian chinonzi 3000.M), uye mushure memamwe makore matatu - 35 Italian tankettes CV3. / 121 (3. M), kutsiva pfuti dzechiItaly dze35-mm dzeHungarian. Kubva 37 kusvika 8, mugadziri N. Straussler akashanda paV1938 amphibious wheeled-tracked tank ine uremu hwekurwa hwematani gumi nerimwe, asi tariro yakaiswa patangi haina kuitika. Muna 1934, pachirimwa chekambani yeSweden Landsverk AV, mu Landskron, iyo L60 light tank (rimwe zita Strv m / ZZ) yakagadzirwa uye yakaiswa mukugadzirwa. Kugadziridzwa kwemuchina uyu kwakaitwa nemugadziri weGerman Otto Merker, uyo aishanda muSweden panguva iyoyo - nekuti, sezvataurwa pamusoro, Germany yakarambidzwa nemitemo yeVersailles Treaty ye1919 kuve uye kunyange kugadzira mhando dzemotokari dzine zvombo. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, pasi peutungamiriri hweMerker imwechete, vagadziri veLandsverk AV vakagadzira akati wandei sampuli matangi emwenje, ayo, zvisinei, haana kupinda mukugadzirwa. Kunyanya kubudirira kwavo kwaiva L100 tangi (1934), iyo yakashandiswa zvakanyanya zvikamu zvemotokari: injini, gearbox, nezvimwewo. Motokari iyi yaive neruzivo rwakati wandei: mumwe munhu torsion bar kumiswa kwemavhiri emugwagwa; kurongeka kwakarerekera kweuta uye mativi ezvombo mahwendefa uye periscopic zvinoonekwa; yakanyanya simba rakananga - 29 hp / t - yakaita kuti zvikwanise kusimudzira kumhanya kwakanyanya - 60 km / h. Swedish chiedza tangi L-60 Raiva tangi rekuziva, rakanaka kwazvo. Nekudaro, veSweden vakasarudza, vachishandisa iyo yakasimbiswa dhizaini mhinduro, kugadzira inorema "yepasirese" tangi, ndosaka iyo L100 isina kupinda mukugadzirwa. Yakagadzirwa mumakopi ega mune matatu akasiyana zvishoma ekugadzirisa muna 1934-35. Michina yakati wandei yekugadziridzwa kwazvino yakaunzwa kuNorway. Vakanga vane huremu hwematani 4,5, boka revanhu 2, vakanga vakapakatira 20 mm automatic cannon kana pfuti mbiri dzemuchina, uye vaiva ne9 mm nhumbi dzokurwa kumativi ose. Iyi L100 yakashanda semuenzaniso weiyo L60 yakataurwa, kugadzirwa kwayo mumagadzirirwo mashanu (kusanganisira Strv m / 38, m / 39, m / 40), yakaenderera kusvika 1942. Kurongeka kwetangi "Toldi" I: Dzvanya pamufananidzo kuti ukure 1 - 20-mm yekuzvitakura pfuti 36M; 2 - 8 mm pfuti yemuchina 34 / 37M; 3 - periscopic kuona; 4 - anti-ndege muchina pfuti inokwira bracket; 5 - mapofu; 6 - radiator; 7 - injini; 8 - fan; 9 - kupera kwepombi; 10 - chigaro chemupfuri; 11 - cardan shaft; 12 - chigaro chemutyairi; 13 - kutapurirana; 14 - chidhiraivho; 15 - chiedza Pakutanga, uremu hweL60 hwaive matani 7,6, uye zvombo zvaive ne20 mm otomatiki cannon uye pfuti yemuchina mu turret. Iyo yakanyanya kubudirira (uye yakakura munhamba) shanduko yaive m/40 (L60D). Aya matangi aiva nematani gumi nerimwe, boka revanhu 11, zvombo - 3-mm cannon uye maviri pfuti. 37 hp injini inobvumirwa kusvika kumhanya kusvika ku145 km / h (simba rekuchengetedza 45 km). Iyo L200 yaive dhizaini inoshamisa zvechokwadi. Ma rollers ayo aive neayo ega torsion bar suspension (kekutanga mune serial tank chivakwa). Frontal uye turret nhumbi dzokurwa dzinosvika 60 mm mukobvu pane ichangoburwa shanduko yakaiswa nemateru. Imba yekurwira yaifefeterwa zvakanaka. Pakazara, vashoma vavo vakagadzirwa uye vanenge chete veuto ravo (24 zvikamu). Motokari mbiri sesampuli dzakatengeswa kuIreland (Eire - ndiro raiva zita reIreland muna 216-1937), imwe - kuAustria. L1949 matangi akanga ari kushanda neuto reSweden kusvika pakati pemakore makumi mashanu; muna 60 vakaita zvechimanjemanje maererano nezvombo. Tangi "Toldi" I Dzvanya pamufananidzo kuti ukure Muna Kurume 1938, kambani yeLandsverk AV yakarairwa kopi imwe yetangi reL60B (aka m / 38 kana tangi yetatu akateedzana). Yakakurumidza kusvika muHungary uye yakasangana nemiedzo yekuenzanisa (June 23-28) pamwe chete neGermany WWII TI light tank. Iyo tangi yeSweden yakaratidza zvirinani kurwa uye hunyanzvi hunhu. Akatorwa semuenzaniso wetangi rakagadzirwa neHungary, rainzi 38. M "Toldi" mukukudza murwi ane mukurumbira Toldi Miklos, murume akareba uye ane simba guru remuviri. Komisheni yakaita bvunzo idzi yakakurudzira shanduko dzakati wandei pakugadzirwa kwetangi. The Institute of Military Technology (IWT) yakatumira nyanzvi yayo Sh. Bartholomeides kuLadskrona kuti iongorore mukana wekuita shanduko idzi. VaSweden vakasimbisa mukana wekugadzirisa, tisingabatanidzi shanduko mumidziyo yekutungamirira yetangi uye brake (chimisa) cheshongwe. Pashure pacho, kurukurirano dzakatanga muHungary pamusoro pegadziriro yezvombo yeToldi. Iyo prototype yeSweden yaive yakashongedzerwa ne20mm Madsen otomatiki cannon. Vagadziri veHungary vakaronga kuisa 25-mm otomatiki pfuti "Bofors" kana "Gebauer" (yekupedzisira - Hungarian budiriro) kana kunyange 37-mm uye 40-mm pfuti. Iwo maviri ekupedzisira aida shanduko yakawandisa mushongwe. Vakaramba kutenga rezinesi rekugadzira pfuti dzeMadsen nekuda kwekudhura kwayo. Kugadzirwa kwe20-mm pfuti kunogona kutorwa neDanuvia plant (Budapest), asi nenguva yakareba kwazvo yekuendesa. Uye pakupedzisira yakagamuchirwa sarudzo yekumisa tangi ne20mm yekuzvitakura inodzivirira tank pfuti Kambani yeSwitzerland "Solothurn", yakagadzirwa muHungary pasi perezinesi pasi pezita rechiratidzo 36.M. Kudyisa pfuti kubva mumagazini mashanu. Iko kushanda kwemoto kwaive 15-20 kutenderera paminiti. Chombo chakawedzerwa ne8-mm muchina pfuti yemhando ye34./37.M ine bhandi feed. Yaive nerezinesi Czech muchina pfuti. Maitiro ekuita ematangi eHungary ehondo yechipiri yenyika Toldi-1   "Toldi" ini Mwaka wekugadzira 1940 Kurwisa uremu, t 8,5 Boka, vanhu 3 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 4750 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2140 Kureba, mm 1870 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 13 Hull board 13 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Denga uye pasi pehull 6 Hondo   Rifle brand 36.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 20/82 Zvombo, pfuti   Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 1-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Simba reinjini, h.p. 155 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 50 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 253 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 220 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,62 Toldi-2   "Toldi" II Mwaka wekugadzira 1941 Kurwisa uremu, t 9,3 Boka, vanhu 3 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 4750 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2140 Kureba, mm 1870 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 23-33 Hull board 13 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Denga uye pasi pehull 6-10 Hondo   Rifle brand 42.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 40/45 Zvombo, pfuti 54 Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 1-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Simba reinjini, h.p. 155 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 47 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 253 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 220 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,68 Turan-1   "Turan" I Mwaka wekugadzira 1942 Kurwisa uremu, t 18,2 Boka, vanhu 5 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 5500 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2440 Kureba, mm 2390 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 50 (60) Hull board 25 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse) 50 (60) Denga uye pasi pehull 8-25 Hondo   Rifle brand 41.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 40/51 Zvombo, pfuti 101 Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 2-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando Z-TURAN carb. Z-TURAN Simba reinjini, h.p. 260 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 47 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 265 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 165 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,61 Turan-2   "Turan" II Mwaka wekugadzira 1943 Kurwisa uremu, t 19,2 Boka, vanhu 5 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 5500 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2440 Kureba, mm 2430 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 50 Hull board 25 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse)   Denga uye pasi pehull 8-25 Hondo   Rifle brand 41.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 75/25 Zvombo, pfuti 56 Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 2-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges 1800 Injini, mhando, mhando Z-TURAN carb. Z-TURAN Simba reinjini, h.p. 260 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 43 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 265 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 150 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,69 Zrinyi-2   Zrinyi II Mwaka wekugadzira 1943 Kurwisa uremu, t 21,5 Boka, vanhu 4 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 5500 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm 5900 Upamhi, mm 2890 Kureba, mm 1900 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 75 Hull board 25 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse) 13 Denga uye pasi pehull   Hondo   Rifle brand 40 / 43.М Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 105/20,5 Zvombo, pfuti 52 Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina - Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando carb. Z-TURAN Simba reinjini, h.p. 260 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 40 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 445 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 220 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,75 Iyo hull uye chassis yetangi yakangofanana neyeiyo yeSweden prototype. Chete vhiri rekutyaira ndiro rakachinjwa zvishoma. Injini yeToldi yakapihwa kubva kuGermany, zvisinei, pamwe nezviridzwa zvemaziso. Iyo shongwe yakave nekuchinja kudiki, kunyanya, mabheji mumativi uye ekuona slots, pamwe nepfuti uye muchina pfuti mantlet. Mukuru wemauto aive mushongwe yekurudyi uye kapu yemutungamiriri ine hatch uye mitsetse minomwe yekuona ine triplexes yaive yakagadzirirwa iye. Mupfuri akagara kuruboshwe uye aine periscope yekuona mudziyo. Mutyairi wacho aive ari kuruboshwe kumucheto kwehull uye nzvimbo yake yebasa yakanga yakashongedzwa nemhando yehood ine ma slots maviri ekuona.Tangi racho raive negiyabox remagiya eplanetary mashanu, dry friction main clutch uye maclutches ekumativi. Njanji dzacho dzakanga dzakafara 285 mm. Apo hutungamiri hweGeneral Staff hwakatendeukira kuGanz uye MAVAG mafekitari, kusawirirana kwakamuka zvikuru nekuda kwemutengo wetangi imwe neimwe. Kunyange agamuchira odha pana Zvita 28, 1938, mafekitari akairamba nemhaka yemutengo wakaderera waichajwa. Musangano wemauto nevatungamiriri vemafekitari wakaunganidzwa. Pakupedzisira, mapato akasvika pakubvumirana, uye kurongeka kwekupedzisira kwematangi makumi masere, akakamurwa zvakaenzana pakati pemiti, yakabudiswa muna February 80. Fekitori yeGanz yakakurumidza kugadzira prototype yesimbi yakapfava zvinoenderana nemadhirowa akagamuchirwa kubva kuIWT. Matangi maviri ekutanga ekugadzira akasiya chirimwa muna Kubvumbi 1939, 13, uye yekupedzisira ye1940 matangi musi waKurume 80, 14. Hungarian 38M Toldi matangi uye CV-3/35 tankettes Sources: M. B. Baryatinsky. Matangi eHonvedsheg. (Armored Collection Nha. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Motokari dzehondo dzeHungary (1940-1945); Tibor Iván Berend, György Ránki: Kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekugadzira muHungary, 1900-1944; Andrzej Zasieczny: Matangi eHondo Yenyika II.