Hungarian medium tank 40M Turán I Rezinesi retangi rakareruka rakawanikwa kubva kuyunifomu yeSweden Landsverk. Kambani imwe cheteyo yakakumbirwa kugadzira tangi riri pakati nepakati. Kambani haina kuita basa iri uye muna August 1940 vaHungary vakarega kuonana naye kwose. Vakaedza kuwana rezinesi muGermany, uko boka remauto eHungary rakaenda ikoko muna April 1939. Muna Zvita, maGerman akatokumbirwa kuti angotengesa 180 T-IV yepakati matangi eHondo Yenyika Yechipiri kune 27 miriyoni mamaki, zvisinei, ivo vakarambwa kunyange kupa kanenge tangi imwe semuenzaniso. Panguva iyoyo, matangi mashoma ePz.Kpfw IV akabudiswa, uye hondo yakanga yatotanga uye "blitzkrieg" yakanga iri mberi muFrance. Nhaurirano neItaly kutengeswa kweM13/40 yepakati tangi yakakwevera uye, kunyange zvazvo prototype yakanga yagadzirira kutumirwa muna August 1940, hurumende yeHungary yakanga yatowana rezinesi kubva kuCzech kambani Skoda. Uyezve, maGermany pachavo vakatumira nyanzvi dzeHungary kumafekitari eCzechoslovakia yakanga yatogarwa. Muna Kukadzi 1940, Mutungamiriri Wepamusoro weWehrmacht Ground Forces (OKH) akabvuma kutengeswa kweane ruzivo. Czech tangi T-21 uye marezinesi ekugadzirwa kwayo. Yepakati tangi T-21 "Turan I". Nhoroondo yekusika. Kare muna 1938, mafemu maviri eCzechoslovak ekuvaka matangi - ČKD muPrague uye Skoda muPilsen akauya nemapurojekiti etangi repakati. Ivo vainzi V-8-H uye S-III, zvichiteerana. Mauto akapa sarudzo kune chirongwa cheCKD, ichipa tangi remangwana zita remauto LT-39. Vagadziri vechirimwa cheŠkoda zvakadaro vakasarudza kukunda makwikwi uye vakatanga kushanda pane imwe itsva S-IIc medium tank, yakazonzi T-21. Yakanga iri kusimudzira kweyakakurumbira 1935 S-IIa (kana LT-35) tangi remwenje. Mauto eHungary akaziva muchina uyu muna Kurume 1939, pavakatora Czechoslovakia pamwe chete nemaGerman. Nokubatana nehutungamiri hweGermany, vaHungary vakapiwa chikamu chekumabvazuva chenyika - Transcarpathia. Ikoko, matangi maviri akakuvadzwa eLT-35 akabatwa. VaHungary vaivafarira zvikuru. Uye iyo Skoda, ikozvino inoshandira maGerman, yakawana yakapotsa yapera sampuli yepakati tank T-35 yakafanana neLT-21 (zvichida maererano nechasi). Mukufarira T-21, nyanzvi kubva kuInstitute of Military Equipment (IVT) dzakataura. Skoda manejimendi akavimbisa kupa prototype kune veHungary pakutanga kwe1940. Tangi LT-35 Hungarian Ministry of Defense yanga ichifunga nezvekutenga 180 matangi kubva kukambani. Asi Skoda panguva iyoyo akanga akabatikana kuzadzisa mirairo kubva Wehrmacht, uye vokuGermany vakanga vasingatombofariri tangi T-21. Muna April 1940, boka remauto rakaenda kuPilsen kunogamuchira kopi yomuenzaniso, iyo pana June 3, 1940 yakatorwa nechitima kubva kuPilsen. Musi waChikumi 10, tangi yakasvika muBudapest paine IWT. Mainjiniya ayo aifarira kushongedza tangi nepfuti yeHungary 40 mm panzvimbo ye47 mm Czech A11 pfuti yaifanirwa kunge iri. Iyo cannon yeHungary yakagadziridzwa kuti iiswe mukati tangi yekuedza V.4... T-21 bvunzo dzakapedzwa muna Chikunguru 10 pamberi peMunyori Mukuru weDziviriro Barty. Yakakurudzirwa kuwedzera kukora kwezvombo kusvika 35 mm, kuisa Hungarian pfuti dzemuchina, shongedza tangi nekapu yemutungamiriri uye kuita mashoma ekuvandudza. Zvinoenderana nemaonero echiGerman, nhengo nhatu dzevashandi dzaifanira kugariswa mutangi turret: mutungamiriri wetangi (akasunungurwa zvachose kubva pakugadzirisa pfuti pamabasa ake akananga: kusarudzwa kwechinangwa uye chiratidzo, kutaurirana neredhiyo, kuraira), pfuti, mutakuri. Iyo shongwe yeCzech tank yakagadzirirwa vanhu vaviri. Tangi iyi yaive yekugamuchira injini yecarbureted sere-cylinder Z-TURAN kubva kuManfred Weiss chirimwa. Musi waChikunguru 11, tangi yakaratidzwa kune vatungamiri nevamiririri vemafekitari aizovaka. Hungarian tank "Turan I" Tinya mufananidzo kuti utarise hombe Chibvumirano chekupedzisira cherezinesi chakasainwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 7. Mbudzi 28 tangi yepakati 40.M. "Turan" yakagamuchirwa. Asi kunyange zvisati zvaitika, munaGunyana 19, Ministry of Defense yakapa murairo wematangi mazana maviri nemakumi matatu kune mafekitori mana akagoverwa nemafekitori: Manfred Weiss uye MV 230 imwe neimwe, MAVAG - 70, Ganz - 40. Maitiro ekuita Hungarian matangi Toldi-1   "Toldi" ini Mwaka wekugadzira 1940 Kurwisa uremu, t 8,5 Boka, vanhu 3 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 4750 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2140 Kureba, mm 1870 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 13 Hull board 13 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Denga uye pasi pehull 6 Hondo   Rifle brand 36.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 20/82 Zvombo, pfuti   Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 1-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Simba reinjini, h.p. 155 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 50 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 253 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 220 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,62 Toldi-2   "Toldi" II Mwaka wekugadzira 1941 Kurwisa uremu, t 9,3 Boka, vanhu 3 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 4750 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2140 Kureba, mm 1870 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 23-33 Hull board 13 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse) 13 + 20 Denga uye pasi pehull 6-10 Hondo   Rifle brand 42.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 40/45 Zvombo, pfuti 54 Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 1-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando carb. "Busing Nag" L8V/36TR Simba reinjini, h.p. 155 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 47 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 253 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 220 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,68 Turan-1   "Turan" I Mwaka wekugadzira 1942 Kurwisa uremu, t 18,2 Boka, vanhu 5 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 5500 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2440 Kureba, mm 2390 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 50 (60) Hull board 25 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse) 50 (60) Denga uye pasi pehull 8-25 Hondo   Rifle brand 41.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 40/51 Zvombo, pfuti 101 Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 2-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando Z-TURAN carb. Z-TURAN Simba reinjini, h.p. 260 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 47 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 265 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 165 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,61 Turan-2   "Turan" II Mwaka wekugadzira 1943 Kurwisa uremu, t 19,2 Boka, vanhu 5 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 5500 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm   Upamhi, mm 2440 Kureba, mm 2430 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 50 Hull board 25 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse)   Denga uye pasi pehull 8-25 Hondo   Rifle brand 41.M Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 75/25 Zvombo, pfuti 56 Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 2-8,0 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges 1800 Injini, mhando, mhando Z-TURAN carb. Z-TURAN Simba reinjini, h.p. 260 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 43 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l 265 Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km 150 Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,69 T-21   T-21 Mwaka wekugadzira 1940 Kurwisa uremu, t 16,7 Boka, vanhu 4 Kureba kwemuviri, mm 5500 Kureba nepfuti mberi, mm 5500 Upamhi, mm 2350 Kureba, mm 2390 Kugadziriswa, mm   Huma yemuviri 30 Hull board 25 Shongwe yehuma (wheelhouse)   Denga uye pasi pehull   Hondo   Rifle brand A-9 Caliber mu mm / mbiya kureba mune calibers 47 Zvombo, pfuti   Nhamba uye caliber (mu mm) yepfuti yemuchina 2-7,92 Anti-ndege muchina pfuti - Zvombo zvepfuti dzemuchina, cartridges   Injini, mhando, mhando Carb. Skoda V-8 Simba reinjini, h.p. 240 Kumhanya kukuru km/h 50 Kuwanda kwemafuta, l   Range mumugwagwa mukuru, km   Avhareji yepasi kumanikidzwa, kg / cm2 0,58 Kurongeka kwetangi "Turan I" Dzvanya pamufananidzo kuti ukure 1 - kuisirwa kosi muchina pfuti uye optical kuona; 2 - midziyo yekucherechedza; 3 - tangi yemafuta; 4 - injini; 5 - gearbox; 6 - swing mechanism; 7 - lever yemuchina (backup) dhiraivha yemuchina wekuswing; 8 - gear kuchinja lever; 9 - pneumatic cylinder ye tank control system; 10 - lever yekutyaira kweiyo swing mechanism ine pneumatic booster; 11 - pfuti yemashini embrasure; 12 - hatch yekuongorora mutyairi; 13 - accelerator pedal; 14 - brake pedal; 15 - pedal of the main clutch; 16 - turret kutenderera nzira; 17 - pfuti kukumbundira. Turan yakachengeta dhizaini yeT-21. Zvombo, zvombo uye kurongedza kwayo, injini inotonhorera (pamwe chete nejini pachayo) yakashandurwa, zvombo zvakasimbiswa, zviridzwa zvemaziso uye kutaurirana kwakaiswa. Kopola yemukuru yakashandurwa. Iyo Turana 41.M pfuti yakagadzirwa neMAVAG pahwaro hwe 37.M 37.M tangi pfuti yakagadzirirwa V.4 tank, iyo Hungarian anti-tank pfuti (iyo zvakare yaive shanduko yeGerman 37-mm. PAK 35/36 anti-tank pfuti) uye marezinesi eSkoda e40 mm A17 tank gun. KuTuran cannon, zvombo zve40-mm Bofors anti-ndege pfuti zvinogona kushandiswa. Pfuti dzemuchina 34./40.A.M. "Gebauer" kambani "Danuvia" ine air-cooled barrel tepi simba yakaiswa mushongwe uye nechemberi hull ndiro. Madhiramu avo aidzivirirwa nehombodo dzakakora dzezvombo. Mahwendefa ezvombo akanga akabatanidzwa ne rivets kana mabhoti. Dzvanya pamufananidzo wetangi "Turan" kuti uwedzere Tangi "Turan" panguva yekuyambuka. 2nd Panzer Division. Poland, 1944 "Turan I" kubva 2nd Panzer Division. Eastern Front, Kubvumbi 1944 Injini yemasilinda masere yeTuran yakagadzirwa neManfred Weiss chirimwa. Yakapa tangi nekumhanya kwakaringana uye kufamba kwakanaka. Iyo chassis yakachengetedza maficha e "tateguru" ari kure weS-IIa tangi mwenje. Maturu etrack akavharirwa mungoro dzechina (mbiri mbiri pazviyereso zvadzo) ine yakajairwa yakachinjika mashizha chitubu sechinhu elastic. Kutyaira mavhiri - kumashure nzvimbo. The manual transmission had 6 speeds (3 × 2) mberi nekudzoka. Iyo giya bhokisi uye imwe-nhanho yepuraneti inotenderera michina yaidzorwa nepneumatic servo drives. Izvi zvakarerutsa nhamburiko dzomutyairi ndokuderedza kuneta kwake. Paivewo nedhiraivha yakadhindwa (manual) drive. Mabhureki aive ese ari pakutyaira nepamavhiri ekutungamira uye aine maservo drives, akadhindwa nemuchina. Tangi yacho yaive nemichina mitanhatu yekutarisa prismatic (periscopic) padenga reshongwe uye cupola yemutungamiriri uye padenga rekumberi kwehull (yemutyairi uye muchina pfuti). Pamusoro pezvo, mutyairi aivewo nenzvimbo yekuona ine katatu kumadziro akatwasuka, uye mupfuri wemuchina aive nekuona kwemaziso akadzivirirwa nebhokisi rezvombo. Mupfuti aive nekanhu kadiki. Matangi ese aive akaiswa maredhiyo erudzi rweR/5a. Kubva 1944, "Turans" yakagamuchira 8-mm zvidzitiro zvichipesana nemapurojekiti ekuwedzera, akarembera kubva kumativi ehull uye turret. Musiyano weCommander 40.M. "Turan" I R.K. pamutengo wekumwe kudzikiswa kwezvombo zvakagamuchira imwe transceiver R / 4T. Antenna yake yakaiswa kumashure kweshongwe. Matangi ekutanga eTuran I akasiya fekitori yeManfred Weiss muna Kubvumbi 1942. Kusvika muna Chivabvu 1944, 285 matangi eTuran I akagadzirwa, anoti: muna 1942 - 158; muna 1943 - 111; muna 1944 - 16 matangi. Iyo yakakura pamwedzi kugadzirwa yakanyorwa muna Chikunguru naGunyana 1942 - 24 matangi. Nemafekitari, kugoverwa kwemotokari dzakavakwa kwaitaridzika seizvi: "Manfred Weiss" - 70, "Magyar wagon" - 82, "Ganz" - 74, MAVAG - 59 units. Sources: M. B. Baryatinsky. Matangi eHonvedsheg. (Armored Collection Nha. 3 (60) - 2005); I.P. Shmelev. Motokari dzehondo dzeHungary (1940-1945); G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia of World Tanks 1915 - 2000"; George Forty. Hondo Yenyika II matangi; Attila Bonhardt-Gyula-Sárhidai László Winkler: Zvombo zveRoyal Hungarian Army.