Zviono kwemazana emakore, kwete makumi emakore
Tinofanira kufamba nemuchadenga here? Mhinduro yakanaka ndeyekuti kwete. Nekudaro, tichipihwa zvese zvinotityisidzira isu sevanhu uye budiriro, kungave kusachenjera kusiya kuongorora nzvimbo, kubhururuka nendege uye, pakupedzisira, kutsvaga dzimwe nzvimbo dzekugara kunze kwePasi.
Mwedzi mishoma yapfuura, NASA yakazivisa zvakadzama Chirongwa cheNational Space Explorationkuti vazadzikise zvinangwa zvakakwirira zvakatarwa mugwaro remitemo yemuchadenga raPresident Trump muna Zvita 2017. Zvirongwa zveshungu izvi zvinosanganisira: kuronga kumhara kwemwedzi, kuendeswa kwenguva refu kwevanhu pamwedzi nekutenderera, kusimbisa hutungamiri hweU.S. uye kugadzira nzira yekudzika zvakachengeteka vazivi venyeredzi vekuAmerica pamusoro peMars.
Chero zviziviso zvine chekuita nekuitwa kwekufamba kweMartian panosvika 2030 - sezvakaburitswa mushumo nyowani yeNASA - zviri, zvisinei, zvinochinjika uye zvinogona kuchinja kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika icho masayendisiti haana kuona panguva ino. Naizvozvo, usati wanatsa bhajeti yebasa rinoitwa nevanhu, zvinorongwa, semuenzaniso, kufunga nezvemhedzisiro. Mission Mars 2020, umo imwe rover ichaunganidza uye kuongorora samples kubva pamusoro peRed Planet,
Lunar space port
Nguva yeNASA ichafanirwa kurarama nematambudziko emari anofanana nehutongi hutsva hwemutungamiri weUS. Mainjiniya eNASA paKennedy Space Center muFlorida parizvino vari kuunganidza chitundumuseremusere chichadzosera vanhu kumwedzi uyezve kuMars mumakore mashoma anotevera. Inonzi Orion uye inoratidzika kunge kapisiti yakabhururuka neApollo kumwedzi mumakore angangoita makumi mana apfuura.
Sezvo NASA inopemberera kusvitsa kwayo makore makumi matanhatu, zvinotarisirwa kuti muna 60 kutenderedza Mwedzi, uye muna 2020 nevazivi vemuchadenga vari muchikepe, ichaitumira zvakare munzira yedu satellite.
Mwedzi unofarirwa zvakare. Nepo hutongi hwaTrump kare hwakasarudza kutungamira kweNASA kuMars, chirongwa ndechekutanga kuvaka nzvimbo inotenderera mwedzi, iyo inonzi gedhi kana chiteshi, chimiro chakafanana neInternational Space Station, asi inoshandira ndege kuenda kumusoro kwemwedzi uye, pakupedzisira, kuMars. izvi zviriwo muzvirongwa zvachose base pane yedu yakasikwa satellite. NASA uye hutongi hwemutungamiri wenyika vakaisa chinangwa chekutsigira kuvakwa kweasina munhu robhoti yekutengesa mwedzi lander pasati papera 2020.
The Orion spacecraft yave kusvika pachiteshi mu orbit yemwedzi - kuona
Izvi zvakaziviswa muna Nyamavhuvhu paJohnson Space Center muHouston neMutevedzeri weMutungamiri Mike Pence. Pence ndiye sachigaro wezvichangobva kuvandudzwa National Space Council. Inopfuura hafu yebhajeti yakarongwa yeNASA yemadhora bhiriyoni gumi nepfumbamwe yegore rinouya remari yakapihwa kuongororo yemwedzi, uye Congress inotaridzika kubvumidza matanho aya.
Sangano rakumbira mazano uye magadzirirwo echiteshi chegedhi mu orbit kutenderera mwedzi. Iwo fungidziro anoreva bhiriji renzvimbo probes, kutaurirana relay, uye hwaro hwekuita otomatiki mashandiro emidziyo panzvimbo yemwedzi. Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Airbus, Bigelow Aerospace, Sierra Nevada Corporation, Orbital ATK, Northrop Grumman neNanoracks vakatoendesa dhizaini yavo kuNASA neESA.
NASA neESA vanofanotaura kuti vachange vari muchikepe Lunar space port vazivi vemuchadenga vachakwanisa kugara ikoko kwemazuva anosvika makumi matanhatu. Chinhu chacho chinofanira kunge chakashongedzerwa nemagedhi epasirese ayo anotendera vese vashandi kuti vaende kunze uye kumisa yakavanzika spacecraft inotora chikamu mumigodhi mishoni, kusanganisira, sezvazvinofanira kunzwisiswa, zvekutengesa.
Kana isiri radiation, saka inouraya weightlessness
Kunyangwe tikavaka zvivakwa izvi, iwo matambudziko akafanana ane chekuita nekufamba kwenguva refu kwevanhu vari muchadenga haasati apera. Mhuka dzedu dzinoramba dzichinetseka nekurema. Spatial orientation maitiro anogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko makuru ehutano uye anonzi. chirwere chemuchadenga.
Iyo iri kure kubva kune yakachengeteka cocoon yemhepo uye Earth's magnetic field, zvakanyanya dambudziko remwaranzi - njodzi yekenza inokura ipapo nezuva rimwe nerimwe rekuwedzera. Mukuwedzera kune kenza, inogonawo kukonzera cataract uye zvichida Chirwere cheAlzheimer. Uyezve, kana maatomu earuminiyamu arova maatomu ezvikepe, zvikamu zvacho zvinodonhedzwa mumwaranzi yechipiri.
Mhinduro yaizova mapurasitiki. Iwo akareruka uye akasimba, azere nemaatomu ehaidrojeni ane nuclei diki haabudise mwaranzi yechipiri. NASA iri kuyedza mapurasitiki anogona kuderedza radiation muspacecraft kana masutu emuchadenga. Imwe pfungwa anti-radiation skrini, semuenzaniso, magineti, kugadzira chinotsiva munda unotidzivirira paNyika. Masayendisiti kuEuropean Space Radiation Superconducting Shield ari kushanda pane magnesium diboride superconductor iyo, nekugadzira magineti, inotaridza masheji akachajiswa kure nechikepe. Iyo nhoo inoshanda pa -263 ° C, iyo isingaratidzike seyakawanda, zvichipihwa kuti yatove kutonhora zvakanyanya muchadenga.
Ongororo nyowani inoratidza kuti solar radiation mazinga ari kukwira 10% nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaimbofungwa, uye kuti nharaunda yemwaranzi munzvimbo ichawedzera nekufamba kwenguva. Ongororo ichangoburwa yedata kubva kuCRaTER chiridzwa chiri paLRO lunar orbiter yakaratidza kuti mamiriro emwaranzi pakati pePasi neZuva adzikira nekufamba kwenguva uye kuti muzivi wemuchadenga asina kudzivirirwa anogona kuwana 20% mamwe madosi emwaranzi kupfuura zvaimbofungwa. Masayendisiti anoratidza kuti yakawanda yeimwe njodzi iyi inobva kune yakaderera-simba cosmic ray particles. Nekudaro, vanofungidzira kuti iyi yekuwedzera gumi muzana inogona kuisa zvirambidzo zvakakomba pakuongorora nzvimbo mune ramangwana.
Kusarema kunoparadza muviri. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, izvi zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri haagoni kuita basa rawo, uye masero matsvuku eropa anofa. Zvinokonzerawo matombo eitsvo uye kuderedza mwoyo. Vazivi venyeredzi paISS vanonetsekana nekuneta kwemhasuru, kuderera kwemoyo, uye kurasikirwa kwebhonzo kunotora maawa maviri kusvika matatu pazuva. Nekudaro, ivo vachiri kurasikirwa nemapfupa emapfupa vachiri muchikepe.
Astronaut Sunita Williams panguva yekurovedza muviri paISS
Mhinduro yaizova Giravhiti yekugadzira. KuMassachusetts Institute of Technology, aimbove mutyairi wemuchadenga Lawrence Young ari kuyedza centrifuge inotiyeuchidza nezvechiratidzo chemufirimu. Vanhu vanorara nedivi ravo, pachikuva, vachisundidzira chimiro cheinertial chinotenderera. Imwe mhinduro inovimbisa ndeye Canadian Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) chirongwa. Iyo mudziyo pachayo inogadzira ballast yakatenderedza chiuno chemunhu, ichigadzira manzwiro ekuremerwa muzasi muviri.
Ngozi yehutano yakajairika paISS zvinhu zvidiki zvinoyangarara mumakabhini. Zvinokanganisa maziso evachadenga uye zvinokonzera mabrasions. Zvisinei, iri harisi dambudziko rakaipisisa remaziso ari kunze. Kusarema kunoshandura chimiro cheziso uye kuchikanganisa kuderera kwekuona. Iri idambudziko rakakura risati ragadziriswa.
Hutano huzhinji hunova nyaya yakaoma pane spaceship. Kana tikabatwa nechando Panyika, tichagara pamba uye ndizvozvo. Munzvimbo yakanyatsorongedzwa, yakavharwa yakazadzwa nemhepo yakadzokororwa uye kubata kwakawanda kwenzvimbo dzakagovaniswa uko zvakaoma kugeza nemazvo, zvinhu zvinotaridzika zvakasiyana. Panguva ino, immune system yemunhu haishande nemazvo, saka nhengo dzemishoni dzakaparadzaniswa mavhiki mashoma vasati vasimuka kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kuchirwere. Hatinyatsozivi kuti sei, asi mabhakitiriya ari kuwedzera kuva nengozi. Pamusoro pazvo, kana ukahotsira muchadenga, madonhwe ese anobhururuka achibuda oenderera mberi achibhururuka. Kana munhu aine furuu, munhu wese ari muchikepe anenge anayo. Uye nzira yokuenda kukiriniki kana kuchipatara yakareba.
Vashandi ve48 expeditions vari muISS - izvo chaizvo zvehupenyu mubhodhi chitundumuseremusere
Space Travel's Next Hombe Dambudziko Ragadziriswa hapana kunyaradza hupenyu. Chaizvoizvo, nzendo dzekunze kwenyika dzinosanganisira kuyambuka mhepo isina magumo mumudziyo wakamanikidzwa unochengetwa uri mupenyu neboka remichina inogadzira mweya nemvura. Pane nzvimbo shoma uye unogara mukutya kwemwaranzi uye micrometeorites. Kana isu tiri kure nepasi chero ripi zvaro, hapana maonero kunze, kunze kwerima rakadzika remuchadenga.
Masayendisiti ari kutsvaga mazano ekuti angamutsiridza sei iyi inotyisa monotony. Mumwe wavo ndiye Ichokwadi chaichouko vazivi vemuchadenga vaigona kutandara. Chinhu chinozivikanwa neimwe nzira, kunyangwe chiri pasi pezita rakasiyana, kubva mubhuku raStanisław Lem.
Lift yakachipa here?
Kufamba kwemuchadenga nhevedzano isingaperi yemamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya uko vanhu nemidziyo zvinoratidzwa. Kune rimwe divi, kurwisa simba regiravhiti, kuwandisa, mwaranzi, magasi, chepfu uye hasha zvinhu. Kune rumwe rutivi, electrostatic dischages, guruva, nekukurumidza kuchinja tembiricha pamativi ese echiyero. Mukuwedzera, kufara kwese uku kunodhura zvakanyanya.
Nhasi tinoda vanenge zviuru makumi maviri. madhora kutumira kilogiramu yehuremu mune yakaderera pasi orbit. Yakawanda yemitengo iyi ine chekuita nekugadzira uye kushanda. boot system. Nguva zhinji uye yakareba mishoni inoda huwandu hwakakosha hwezvinhu zvinodyiwa, mafuta, zvigadziriso, zvinoshandiswa. Muchadenga, kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa system kunodhura uye kwakaoma.
Space elevator - kuona
Pfungwa yekuyamurwa kwemari, ingangoita chikamu, iyo pfungwa nzvimbo elevatorkubatanidza kweimwe nzvimbo yepasi redu nechiteshi chekuenda chiri kune imwe nzvimbo muchadenga kutenderera pasirese. Kuedza kuri kuramba kuchiitwa nemasayendisiti paShizuoka University muJapan ndiko kwekutanga kwerudzi rwayo padikidiki. Mumiganhu yeprojekti Space tethered autonomous robotic satellite (STARS) maviri madiki STARS-ME satellite achabatanidzwa ne 10-mita tambo, iyo inofambisa diki robhoti mudziyo. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga mini-modhi ye space crane. Kana akabudirira, anogona kuenda kuchikamu chinotevera chepurojekiti yekusimudza nzvimbo. Kusikwa kwayo kwaizoderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekutakura vanhu uye zvinhu kuenda nekubva muchadenga.
Iwe unofanirwawo kuyeuka kuti hapana GPS munzvimbo, uye nzvimbo yacho yakakura uye kufamba hakusi nyore. Yakadzika Space Network - muunganidzwa weantenna arrays muCalifornia, Australia neSpain - kusvika parizvino ichi ndicho chega chega chekushandisa chekufamba chekunze chatinacho. Zvinenge zvese, kubva kumasatellite evadzidzi kuenda kuNew Horizons spacecraft yava kubaya Kuiper Belt, inovimba nehurongwa uhu. Iyi yaremerwa, uye NASA iri kufunga kudzikamisa kuwanikwa kwayo kune isinganyanyi kukosha mishoni.
Ehe, kune mazano eimwe nzira GPS yenzvimbo. Joseph Guinn, nyanzvi yekufambisa ngarava, akatanga kugadzira hurongwa hwekuzvimirira hwaizounganidza mifananidzo yezvinangwa uye zvinhu zviri pedyo, vachishandisa zvinzvimbo zvavo kutenderedza makonisheni echitundumuseremusere - pasina kudiwa kwekudzora pasi. Anoridaidza kuti Deep Space Positioning System (DPS) kwenguva pfupi.
Zvisinei netarisiro yevatungamiriri nevaoni - kubva kunaDonald Trump kuenda kuna Elon Musk - nyanzvi dzakawanda dzichiri kutenda kuti tarisiro chaiyo yekudzora Mars haisi makumi emakore, asi mazana emakore. Kune misi yepamutemo uye zvirongwa, asi vazhinji vechokwadi vanobvuma kuti zvichave zvakanaka kuti vanhu vatsike tsoka paRed Planet gore ra2050 risati rasvika. Uye dzimwe nzendo dzakaitwa nevanhu ifungidziro chaiyo. Zvechokwadi, kuwedzera kune matambudziko ari pamusoro apa, zvakakosha kugadzirisa rimwe dambudziko guru - hapana drive kuitira kukurumidza kufamba munzvimbo.
