Mhando uye mhando dzekumiswa kwemotokari

Pneumatic suspensions inoshandiswa mumotokari dzemazuva ano dzemhando Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW uye Porsche. Iyo pneumocylinder inomiririra yakakosha kuiswa kubva ku polyurethane. Chinhu chiri mukati mechirimo. Basa guru nderokusimudzira zvinhu zvechitubu paunenge uchigadzirisa kuoma. Iyo yekudzora lever mugungano iri kuwedzera kwekugadzira kana kuderera kwekumanikidza mukati memhepo chitubu.

Kuturika kwemota kana rori ndiyo inobatanidza mutumbi wemota nemugwagwa. Uye inomiririra imwe kana imwe mhando yekumisa system. Zvichienderana neizvi, mhando dzekumiswa kwemotokari dzinosiyaniswa.

Mota ine mhando ipi yekumiswa yekusarudza

Pakusarudza kumiswa, ivo vanotungamirirwa nemabasa ekuvimbisa kunyaradzwa kwekutyaira. Mabasa eiyo node anonangwa pane izvi:

• kuderera mukurerekera pakona;
• kuve nechokwadi chekufamba kwakanaka;
• tsigiro yekujeka kwemakona paunenge uchiisa mavhiri;
• inoshanda uye nekukasira kunyorovesa kwekudengenyeka kwemuviri kana mota ichifamba nemumakomba kana mabumps.

Suspension systems dzakapfava uye dzakaoma. Iyo yekupedzisira inopa yakakura maneuverability uye inobvumidza iwe kukudziridza kumhanya kwepamusoro. Nekugadzirwa kwakapfava, nhamba idzi dzakaderera.

Panguva imwecheteyo, nekumiswa kwakasimba, iwe uchanzwa mugwagwa wega wega kana gomba. Chii chinokanganisa kupfeka: zvinobatisa zvekuvhundutsa zvinokonzeresa kudedera zvinoda kutsiviwa yega yega 60-000 km.

Kuturika kwakapfava kune zvakwakanakira. Kuremerwa pamuzongoza wemutyairi paanenge achityaira kwakaderera, chimiro hachipere nekukurumidza. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchityaira mota uko uremu hwevatakuri uye mukwende wakaiswa padivi, ipapo muviri unoumburuka zvakanyanya panguva yekutendeuka. Izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwekutonga.

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvezvirongwa zvose zvinobviswa nekugadzirisa kurongeka. Asi mwero wakafanira kazhinji kazhinji hauwanikwe pakarepo.

Mhando dzekumiswa dziripo

Kupatsanurwa kwekumisikidzwa kwemotokari kwakapfava uye kwakaoma mhando - isina kukwana classification. Zvimiro zvinogona kutsamira kana kuzvimiririra. Uye zvakare, mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano, vanosarudza kushandisa akasiyana masisitimu ekumisa mavhiri emberi uye kumashure.

Dependent suspensions

Suspension system inodaidzwa kunzi dependent kana mavhiri ese ari paaxis imwechete uye akabatana achishandisa danda rakaomarara.

Dependent suspensions

Mukuita, inoshanda seizvi. Kana rimwe vhiri rinotora chikamu muboka rikapinda mukusaenzana, ipapo kusunda kunoenda kune yechipiri. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuderera kwekunyaradza panguva yerwendo uye kuderedza kufanana kwekunamatira kwemateru emotokari kumugwagwa wemugwagwa.

Asi kana uchityaira mumigwagwa yakatsetseka, kumiswa kunotsamira kune mukana wekupa kuenzana uye kunoenderana. Mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kwemotokari, dhizaini iyi inonyanya kushandiswa pamavhiri ekumashure.

Kumiswa kwakazvimirira

Kumiswa kwakazvimirira kunowanzo. Izvo zvakakosha zvemashini inotsanangura zita. Mavhiri anofamba akazvimirira kubva kune rimwe nerimwe.

Mazano makuru:

• Kushanda kwekumisikidza pamativi akasiyana e-axle hakubvi pane mumwe nemumwe.
• Chiratidzo chehuremu hwemotokari chakaderedzwa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwematanda anorema tie.
• Kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira zvakasiyana-siyana.
• Kugadzikana kwemaitiro emotokari kunowedzera paunenge uchivandudza kubata kwayo.

Iko kusanganiswa kweaya mabhenefiti anowedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekunyaradza panguva yenzendo.

Mhando dzekumiswa kwakazvimirira

Magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana emasisitimu ekumisa akazvimirira akaita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwechikamu chakadzama. Mhando dzekumiswa kwemotokari dzerudzi rwakazvimiririra dzakakamurwa kuita lever uye imwe nzira.

Double wishbone kumberi kuturika

Iyo yekuvhundutsa inopinza ine chitubu mugadziro inoiswa zvakasiyana.

Ruwoko rwepamusoro nejoint yebhora rwakakochekera pagumbo rekufambisa. Sezvo majoini ebhora akaiswa pamagumo emakumbo, kutenderera kwegumbo kunoitwa uchishandisa tsvimbo yekufambisa.

Iyo yakagadzirwa haina tsigiro yekutakura, iyo inobvisa kutenderera kwezvinhu kana vhiri rinotenderera. Dhizaini maficha anobvumidza iwe kugovera zvakaenzana static uye simba mitoro pane imwe neimwe yezvinhu. Nekuda kweizvi, hupenyu hwekushanda hwechikamu hunowedzera.

Double wishbone kumberi kuturika

Kumiswa kweshuviro kaviri kwakaiswa paSUVs kana mota dzekutanga.

Kumiswa kwemhepo

Iyi igadziriro apo basa rekugovera yunifomu yemitoro rinoitwa neakakosha pneumocylinders akagadzirwa nerubberized material. Kubatsira kukuru ndiko kutsetseka kwemotokari. Kazhinji, kumiswa kwemhepo kunoiswa pamotokari dzeprimiyamu kana mota dzinorema.

hydraulic suspension

Hydraulic suspension ndiyo sisitimu iyo hydraulic struts kana hydraulic lifts inoshandiswa pachinzvimbo chekuvhunduka.

Kana injini inotanga, pombi ye hydraulic inopa mvura kubhokisi rekutonga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinokutendera kuti uchengetedze hurefu hwakapihwa hwemotokari pamwero wakafanana. Kwenguva yekutanga, hydraulic suspension yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemotokari dzeCitroen.

Mhando dzekumiswa kwemota

Kune mota dzinotakura vanhu, musanganiswa wezvirongwa zvakati wandei zvinoshandiswa. Iyo yakanakisa sarudzo ndeyekuisa inotsamira system pamavhiri ekumashure uye inofambiswa chimiro kumberi.

Spring

Uku ndiko kumiswa kwemakanika ine elastic zvinhu - mashizha zvitubu. Kubatsira kwechirongwa kunoonekwa sekupikisa kuwandisa uye kushata kwemigwagwa.

Iko hakuna chikonzero chekuisa zvimwe zvinhu uye yakaoma michina. Asi pane imwe yakakosha drawback - iyi ndiyo fragility yekugadzirwa kwakadaro. Nekugara kutakurwa kwezvinhu kana kushandiswa kwematirairi, zvitubu zvinonyungudika. Zvino paunenge uchityaira iwe unonzwa kurira kana kurira.

Nemarevhisi ekutungamira

Inodiwa rudzi rwekumiswa. Malevers anoisa kutungamira kwedhiraivha axle panguva yekufamba. Kuti iyo suspension system ishande zvakanaka, ma link ekumusoro akaiswa pakona. Iyi nzira inowedzera kugadzikana kwemotokari panguva yekutendeuka.

Nepombi yekutsigira kana dhirowa

Muchirongwa ichi, mutoro unofungidzirwa nechikamu chepombi inodzivirira mubatanidzwa wepasi rose. Kuti chimiro chishande pasina kukundikana, kadhi rinopfuura nepakati pebhokisi regiya rakanyatsogadziriswa kumberi kwebhiriji. Mhedzisiro yekushandisa chirongwa ichi ndeyekukwira kwakatsetseka uye kutasva nyaradzo.

De Dion

Iyi sisitimu ndeyezvimiro zvakamiswa. Mavhiri akabatanidzwa nedanda, uye iyo huru giya inoderedza inogadziriswa kumuviri. Kuti uvandudze kubata kwemavhiri, ivo vanoiswa pakona shoma.

Torsion

Zita rechipiri rehurongwa uhu ndiro core system. Kushanda zvinhu - tsvimbo kana torsion mabara ane zvikamu zvakasiyana. Pakugadzirwa kwekupedzisira, chitubu chesimbi chinoshandiswawo. Iyi dhizaini inosimudzira kubata zvinhu zvemavhiri nepamusoro pemugwagwa.

Nemaekisero ekuzunguza

Iyo chirongwa chekuunganidza sisitimu ine oscillating semi-axes inosanganisira kuisirwa kumagumo. Basa re elastic element rinoitwa nezvitubu kana autosprings. Kubatsira kwehurongwa ndiko kugadzikana kwechinzvimbo chevhiri chinoenderana neaxle shaft.

Pamaoko anotevera

Iyi ndiyo imwe dhizaini, uko mavhiri akasungirirwa kune lever iri padivi peiyo longitudinal axis yemotokari. Iyo system ine patented nePorsche. Nekudaro, parizvino, haisati yamboshandiswa sehwaro.

Chitubu

Scheme kune zvese zvakazvimiririra uye zvinotsamira kumiswa. Zvitubu zvechimiro checonic zvinopfavisa mafambiro emota. Kutyaira kuchengetedza zvakananga kunoenderana nehutano hwezvitubu zvakaiswa.

Dubonnet

Iyo dhizaini ine zvitubu, zvinokatyamadza zvinotora, pamwe ne cylindrical casing. Mukana mukuru weiyo sisitimu yakatsetseka uye isina kunetseka-isina braking.

Pamusoro pemaoko maviri anotevera

Chimiro chekugadzira ndechekuti matanda akaiswa pamativi emuchina. Ichi chirongwa chakakodzera mota dzine aft injini.

On slanting levers

Uku ndiko kugadziridzwa kwechigadzirwa chakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Kuchinja kwakakanganisa nzvimbo yematanda. Yakaiswa pakona yakafanotemerwa maererano neaxis, ivo vanobatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwe roll kana uchitendeuka.

Wishbone kumiswa

Double wishbone

Mamigumo ematanda anochinjika akaiswa pamativi emuchina anofambiswa akaiswa pafuremu. Iyi suspension inogona kuiswa pamberi kana kumashure.

Pamusoro perabha elastic elements

Zvitubu zvekoiri muchirongwa ichi zvinotsiviwa nemabhuraki akagadzirwa nerabha yakasimba. Pasinei nekugadzikana, kusungirirwa kune kushoma kupfeka kusagadzikana.

Hydropneumatic uye pneumatic

Iyo elastic zvinhu muzvimiro izvi pneumocylinders kana hydropneumatic zvinhu. Vakabatana neimwe nzira yekudzora, ivo panguva imwe chete vanochengeta saizi ye lumen.

Multi-link

Iyo yakawanda-link system inonyanya kushandiswa pamotokari dzemashure-mavhiri. Gungano rinosanganisira kushandiswa kwematanda maviri akachinjika. Iyi nzira yekutsanya inonyatso shandura geometry mota ichifamba.

Kenduru

An autospring inoshanda sechinhu elastic muchirongwa ichi. Yakaiswa mhiri kweaxis. Uku kusungirirwa kwegwaro kunobvumira knuckle yekufambisa ine chitubu kuti ifambe yakamira, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekona. Iyo sisitimu yakavimbika uye compact muhukuru. Kana vhiri rikasangana nechipingamupinyi, rinokwira kumusoro. Chirongwa chegungano chakaoma, saka chinoshandiswa zvisingawanzoitiki.

Pneumatic suspensions

Pneumatic suspensions inoshandiswa mumotokari dzemazuva ano dzemhando Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW uye Porsche. Iyo pneumocylinder inomiririra yakakosha kuiswa kubva ku polyurethane. Chinhu chiri mukati mechirimo. Basa guru nderokusimudzira zvinhu zvechitubu paunenge uchigadzirisa kuoma. Iyo yekudzora lever mugungano iri kuwedzera kwekugadzira kana kuderera kwekumanikidza mukati memhepo chitubu.

Kumiswa kwemapikicha uye maSUV

Kazhinji kazhinji majepi anoshandisa huwandu hwese hwekumiswa masisitimu.

Kumiswa kwemapikicha uye maSUV

Izvi zvinotevera sarudzo dzakakurumbira:

• kumashure anotsamira uye kumberi akazvimirira masisitimu;
• kunyanya kutsamira kumiswa;
• yakazvimirira kuturika pamberi uye kumashure.

Kazhinji, axle yekumashure yejepi inoshongedzerwa nechirimo kana chitubu kumiswa. Aya ndiwo magadzirirwo akavimbika uye asina kutendeseka anogona kumira mitoro yakasiyana. Ekisesi yekumberi inogadziriswa ne torsion kana zvitubu zvinotsamira. Kushongedza mapikicha uye maSUV ane chete akaomesesa anotsamira mabhiriji nhasi ishoma.

Kumiswa kwerori

Kumarori, masisitimu ekumisikidzwa anoshandiswa anoshandiswa, pamwe nema hydraulic shock absorbers erudzi rwegungano. Aya ndiwo akareruka node sarudzo.

Paunenge uchiunganidza chimiro chakamiswa chemarori, basa guru remutongi rinopihwa kune zvitubu zvinobatanidza axle nemavhiri, uye zvakare kuita sechinhu chikuru chegwara.

Verenga zvakare: Steering rack damper - chinangwa uye kumisikidza mitemo

Kumiswa pamotokari dzemitambo

Zvinotendwa kuti kumira kwakasimba kunoita kuti kufamba kwemotokari kuve kwakachengeteka uye kuchinjika. Nekuda kweizvi, mota dzemitambo dzakashongedzerwa neiyo yekumisa system chete.

Kune motokari dzemitambo, zvakakosha kubata mavhiri nemugwagwa wepamusoro, kushayikwa kwepumburu nekukurumidza kana makona. Torsion mabara uye MacPherson mhando inobvumira mutyairi kufamba zvine simba pasina kuwedzera kuedza.

Nekudaro, iwo marudzi ekumisikidzwa kwemotokari akapatsanurwa mumhando mbiri: inotsamira kana yakazvimirira musangano. Boka rega rega rine zvimiro zvaro zvinoenderana nerudzi rwezvinhu, mashandiro kana maitiro ekugadzira.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekumiswa kweMacPherson uye yakawanda-yekubatanidza, uye ndeipi mhando yekumisa mota aripo