Mhando dzekubatanidza zvibatanidza

Kubatanidza chinhu chakakosha (mota element) inobatanidza migumo ye shafts uye zvikamu zvinofamba zviri pazviri. Chinokosha chekubatana kwakadaro ndechekuendesa magetsi emagetsi pasina kurasikirwa nehukuru hwayo. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvichienderana nechinangwa uye dhizaini, kubatanidzwa kunogonawo kubatanidza shafts mbiri dziri padyo nepedyo kune mumwe nemumwe.

Basa rekubatanidza majoini mukushanda kwemotokari harigone kuve rakanyanyisa kufungidzira: rakagadzirirwa kubvisa mitoro yakakwira kubva kumagadzirirwo, kugadzirisa nzira ye shafts, kuve nechokwadi chekuparadzaniswa uye kubatana kweshafts panguva yekushanda, nezvimwe.

Coupling classification

Mhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzekubatanidza muindasitiri yemotokari dzakamisikidzwa nhasi, zvisinei, kune akati wandei maturusi anozogadzirwa zvichienderana nezviyero zvega zvega zvemhando yemota. Tichifunga nezvechinangwa chikuru checlutch (kutumira torque pasina kushandura kukosha kwayo), kune akati wandei mhando dzechishandiso:

• maererano nemusimboti wekudzora - kusagadziriswa (kunogara, kusimba) uye kuzvidzora (otomatiki);
• nemapoka uye mabasa akasiyana mumotokari - yakasimba (izvi zvinosanganisira sleeve, flange uye kureba zvakabatanidzwa zvakabatanidzwa);
• kugadzirisa kona yekubatanidza pakati pemaviri coaxial shafts, articulated couplings anoshandiswa (awo makuru marudzi magiya nemaketani);
• maererano nemikana yekubhadhara mitoro paunenge uchityaira (uchishandisa nyeredzi, chigunwe-chigunwe uye zvinhu zvine goko);
• nemhando yekubatanidza / kupatsanurwa kwemashaft maviri (cam, cam-disk, friction uye centrifugal);
• zvizere otomatiki, ndiko kuti, inodzorwa zvisinei nezviito zvemutyairi (kupfuura, centrifugal uye kuchengeteka);
• pakushandiswa kwemasimba ane simba (electromagnetic uye ingori magineti).

Tsanangudzo yechinhu chimwe nechimwe

Kuti uwane kutarisisa kwakadzama kwemabasa uye chimiro chechimwe nechimwe chekubatanidza majoini, tsananguro inotevera inopiwa.

Unmanaged

Ivo vanoratidzwa nenzvimbo yavo yakamira uye dhizaini iri nyore. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuita akasiyana marongero uye zvigadziriso mubasa ravo chete mune yakasarudzika mota sevhisi nekumira kwakazara kwejini.

Kubatana kwebofu kunobatanidza zvachose uye yakanyatsogadziriswa pakati pe shafts. Kuiswa kwemhando iyi yekubatanidza kunoda kunyanya kudzika pakati, sezvo kana chikanganiso chimwe chiduku chakaitwa, kushanda kweshafts kuchavhiringidzwa kana kusakwanisa mumusimboti.

Iro sleeve yemhando yekubatanidza inoonekwa seyakareruka pamhando dzese dzemapofu. Ichi chinhu chinoumbwa negwenzi rine mapini. Kushandiswa kwesleeve couplings kwakazviruramisa zvizere pamotokari dzine basa risingarevi mitoro inorema (urban-type sedans). Nechinyakare, mapofu akasungirirwa akaiswa pashaft ane dhayamita diki - asingasviki 70 mm.

Iyo flange coupling inoonekwa nhasi seimwe yeanowanzo kubatanidza zvinhu mumotokari dzemarudzi ese. Iyo ine maviri akaenzana-saizi yekubatanidza mahafu, ayo akasungirirwa kune mumwe nemumwe.

Rudzi urwu rwekubatanidza rwakagadzirirwa kubatanidza shafts mbiri nechikamu chemuchinjikwa che 200 mm. Nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hudiki uye dhizaini yakareruka, kubatanidza kweflange kunobvumira kuti ishandiswe zvese pamotokari dzebhajeti uye mota dzemhando yepamusoro.

Iyo yekubhadhara vhezheni yekubatanidza (yakaomarara coupling) yakagadzirirwa kurongedza marudzi ese eshaft pekugara. Chero axis iyo shaft inofamba ichienda, zvikanganiso zvese zvekumisikidza kana kutyaira kwemotokari zvichagadziriswa. Kutenda kune basa rekubhadhara maclutches, mutoro unoderedzwa zvese pamigero pachayo uye paaxial bearings, iyo inovimbisa hupenyu hurefu hwebasa rezvigadziriso uye mota yacho yese.

Iyo inonyanya kuipa mukushanda kwerudzi urwu rweclutch ndeyekuti hapana chinhu chinoderedza kuvhunduka kwemigwagwa.

Iyo cam-disc clutch ine chimiro chinotevera: ine maviri hafu-yakabatana uye imwe yekubatanidza disk, iyo iri pakati pavo. Ichiita basa rayo, dhisiki inofamba pamwe nemakomba akachekwa mumahafu ekubatanidza uye nekudaro inoita zvigadziriso zvekushanda kweiyo coaxial shafts. Ehe, disc friction ichaperekedzwa nekukurumidza kupfeka. Naizvozvo, kurongeka kwakarongwa kwenzvimbo dzekubatanidza uye zvinyoro-nyoro, zvisiri zvehasha dhiraivha inodiwa. Uye zvakare, kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yeCam-disc clutches inogadzirwa nhasi kubva kune yakanyanya kupfeka-inodzivirira simbi alloys.

Chimiro chekubatanidza giya chinotarirwa nehafu yekubatanidza hafu, iyo ine mazino akakosha pamusoro pavo. Uye zvakare, iwo mahafu ekubatanidza akawedzerwa akashongedzerwa ne clip ine mazino emukati. Nekudaro, iyo giya yekubatanidza inogona kuendesa torque kune akati wandei anoshanda mazino kamwechete, ayo zvakare anovimbisa yakakwira kutakura mutoro. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo, kubatanidza uku kune zvimiro zvidiki, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive mukudiwa mumotokari dzemarudzi ese.

Zvinhu zvekubatanidza giya zvinogadzirwa nesimbi dzakazadzwa nekabhoni. Usati waiswa, zvinhu zvinofanirwa kurapwa kwekupisa.

Kubhadhara elastic couplings, kusiyana nekubhadhara mabhanhire akaomeswa, kwete kungogadzirisa kurongeka kweshafts, asiwo kuderedza simba rekutakura rinoonekwa kana uchichinja magiya.

Sleeve-and-pin coupling inoumbwa nehafu yekubatanidza, iyo yakabatanidzwa neminwe. Mazano akagadzirwa nemidziyo yepurasitiki anoiswa kumigumo yeminwe kuitira kuderedza simba rekutakura uye kunyorovesa. Panguva imwecheteyo, ukobvu hwematipi iwo pachawo (kana bushings) hushoma, uye saka mhedzisiro yekumera hainawo yakakura.

Aya machira ekubatanidza anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumacomplexes emagetsi propulsion units.

Kushandiswa kweclutch ine nyoka zvitubu zvinoreva kutapurirana kwe torque hombe. Zvimiro, aya maviri ekubatanidza mahafu, ayo akashongedzerwa nemazino echimiro chakasiyana. Pakati pemahafu ekubatanidza pane zvitubu zviri muchimiro chenyoka. Muchiitiko ichi, clutch inosungirirwa mumukombe, iyo, kutanga, inoponesa nzvimbo yekushanda yeimwe neimwe yezvitubu uye, chechipiri, inoita basa rekupa lubricant kuzvinhu zvekugadzirisa.

Iyo clutch inodhura kugadzira, asi kuita kwayo kwenguva refu kunoita kuti rudzi urwu rwemashini rukodzere mota dzekutanga.

Managed

Misiyano huru kubva kune isingadzoreki ndeyekuti zvinokwanisika kuvhara uye kuvhura coaxial shafts pasina kumisa kushanda kweiyo propulsion unit. Nekuda kweizvi, mhando dzakadzorwa dzekubatanidza dzinoda kuchenjerera nzira yekumisikidza uye kurongeka kwehurongwa hwe shaft.

Iyo cam clutch ine maviri hafu-mabatanidzwa ari kusangana nemumwe ane akakosha protrusions - makamera. Nheyo yekushanda kwekubatanidza kwakadaro ndeyokuti, kana yakashandurwa, imwe hafu-yakabatana nemaprotrusions ayo zvakasimba inopinda mumakomba eimwe. Nokudaro, kubatana kwakavimbika pakati pavo kunowanikwa.

Iko kushanda kwecam clutch kunoperekedzwa neruzha rwakawedzera uye kunyangwe kuvhunduka, ndosaka iri tsika kushandisa masynchronizer mukugadzira. Nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekukurumidza kupfeka, hafu yekubatanidza ivo pachavo nemakamera avo anogadzirwa nesimbi dzakasimba, uye ipapo moto-wakaomeswa.

Friction couplings inoshanda pamusimboti wekuchinjisa torque nekuda kwesimba rinobva mukukweshana pakati penzvimbo dzepasi. Pakutanga kwechiitiko chekushanda, kutsvedza kunoitika pakati pemahafu ekubatanidza, ndiko kuti, kuchinjika kwakatsetseka kwechigadzirwa kunovimbiswa. Kukakavadzana mumakwikwi ekukwenya kunowanikwa nekusangana kweakati wandei madhisiki, ayo ari pakati pemaviri akaenzana hafu-yakabatana.

kuzvitonga

Iyi imhando yekubatanidza otomatiki inoita mabasa akati wandei mumuchina kamwechete. Kutanga, inoderedza ukuru hwemitoro. Chechipiri, inotamisa mutoro chete nenzira yakanyatsotsanangurwa. Chechitatu, vanobatidza kana kudzima pane imwe sipidhi.

Rudzi runowanzo shandiswa rwekuzvidzora clutch inoonekwa seyakachengeteka clutch. Inosanganisirwa mubasa panguva iyo mitoro inotanga kudarika imwe kukosha kwakatarwa nemugadziri wemuchina.

Centrifugal type clutches inoiswa pamotokari kuti zvikwanise kutanga zvinyoro. Izvi zvinobvumira iyo propulsion unit kukudziridza yakanyanya kumhanya nekukurumidza.

Asi overrunning clutches, pane kudaro, fambisa torque chete mune imwe nzira yakapihwa. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uwedzere kumhanya kwemota uye nekugonesa kuita kwemasisitimu ayo.

Mhando huru dzekubatanidza dzinoshandiswa nhasi

Iyo Haldex coupling inonyanya kufarirwa mumusika wemotokari. Chizvarwa chekutanga cheichi clutch chemota dzese-mavhiri chakaburitswa kumashure muna 1998. Iyo clutch yaive yakavharwa chete pamberi peaxle yekutyaira panguva yekutsvedza kwevhiri. Yaiva nokuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti Haldex yakagamuchira yakawanda yakaipa mhinduro panguva iyoyo, sezvo basa reichi clutch harina kukubvumira kudzora zvinyoronyoro motokari panguva yekudonha kana kutsvedza.

Kubva 2002, yakagadziridzwa yechipiri yechizvarwa cheHaldex modhi yakaburitswa, kubva 2004 - yechitatu, kubva 2007 - yechina, uye kubva 2012 yekupedzisira, yechishanu chizvarwa chakaburitswa. Parizvino, iyo Haldex coupling inogona kuisirwa ese kumberi axle uye kumashure. Kutyaira mota kwave kuri nyore kuvonga kune ese magadzirirwo maficha e clutch uye kuvandudza kwekuvandudza senge pombi inogara ichimhanya kana clutch inodzorwa ne hydraulics kana magetsi.

Kubatanidzwa kwemhando iyi kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamotokari yeVolkswagen.

Nekudaro, maTorsen clutches anoonekwa seakajairika (akaiswa paSkoda, Volvo, Kia nevamwe). Iyi clutch yakagadziridzwa nemainjiniya eAmerica akananga kune mashoma anotsvedza masiyano emidziyo. Nzira yekushanda yaTorsen iri nyore kwazvo: haina kuenzana netorque yekupihwa kumavhiri anotsvedza, asi inongodzoreredza simba remagetsi kune vhiri rine kuvimbika kwakabatikana munzira.

Kubatsira kwemidziyo yekusiyanisa neTorsen clutch ndiyo mutengo wavo wakaderera uye mhinduro nekukurumidza kune chero shanduko mukushanda kwemavhiri paunenge uchityaira. Iko kubatanidzwa kwave kuchinatswa kakawanda, uye nhasi inogona kunzi ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa muindasitiri yemazuva ano yemotokari.

Kuchengeta mabatiro

Kufanana chero imwe yuniti kana michina yemotokari, kubatanidza zvishandiso zvinoda kugadziriswa kwemhando. Nyanzvi dzeFavorit Motors Boka reMakambani vanogadzirisa mashandiro ekubatanidza kwechero mhando kana kutsiva chero chikamu chavo.

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