Mhando dzemabhureki masisitimu: iyo musimboti wekushanda kwedhiramu uye disc mabhureki

Iyo brake system yakagadzirirwa kudzora kumhanya kwemota, kuimisa, uye kuibata panzvimbo kwenguva yakareba nekushandisa braking force pakati pevhiri nemugwagwa. Mabhureki simba anogona kugadzirwa nevhiri brake, injini yemotokari (inonzi injini braking), hydraulic kana yemagetsi retarder mukufambisa.

Kuti uite mabasa aya, anotevera marudzi emabhureki masisitimu akaiswa pamotokari:

• Kushanda brake system. Inopa inodzorwa kudzikisira uye kumisa mota.
• Spare brake system. Inoshandiswa kana paine kukundikana uye kusashanda kweiyo inoshanda system. Inoita mabasa akafanana neanoshanda system. A spare brake system inogona kuitwa seyakasarudzika yakazvimirira system kana sechikamu chekushanda brake system (imwe yemabhureki drive maseketi).
• Parking brake system. Yakagadzirirwa kubata mota munzvimbo kwenguva yakareba.

Iyo braking system ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzira yekuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwekuchengetedza kwemotokari. Pamotokari uye akati wandei marori, midziyo yakasiyana-siyana uye masisitimu anoshandiswa kuwedzera kushanda kweiyo braking system uye kugadzikana kwemabhureki.

Mashandiro anoita mabhureki mashandiro

Paunodzvanya brake pedal, mutoro unotamiswa kune amplifier, izvo zvinogadzira imwe simba pane main brake cylinder. Iyo brake master cylinder piston inopomba fluid kuburikidza nemapombi kuenda kumavhiri cylinder. Izvi zvinowedzera kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura mune brake actuator. Mapistoni emasilinda evhiri anofambisa mabhureki mapedhi kumadhisiki (madhiramu).

Kuwedzera kudzvinyirirwa pa pedal kunowedzera kudzvinyirirwa kwemvura uye mabhureki anogadziriswa, izvo zvinononoka kutenderera kwemavhiri uye kutaridzika kwemasimba ekubhureka panzvimbo yekusangana kwematairi nemugwagwa. Iyo yakawanda simba inoshandiswa kune bhureki pedal, iyo inokurumidza uye inobudirira mavhiri akabhurwa. The fluid pressure panguva braking inogona kusvika 10-15 MPa.

Pakupera kwebhureki (kusunungura brake pedal), iyo pedal iri pasi pesimba rekudzoka chitubu inoenda kunzvimbo yayo yekutanga. Iyo piston yeiyo main brake cylinder inofamba ichienda kunzvimbo yayo yekutanga. Zvinhu zvemuchirimo zvinofambisa mapadhi kure nemadhisiki (madhiramu). Mabhureki fluid kubva kumasilinda emavhiri anomanikidzwa nemapaipi kupinda muhumburumbira hwebhureki. Kumanikidza muhurongwa kunodonha.

Mhando dzemabhureki masisitimu

Iyo brake system inosanganisa iyo brake mechanism uye brake drive. Iyo brake mechanism yakagadzirirwa kugadzira iyo braking torque inodiwa kuti inonoke uye kumisa mota. Friction brake mechanisms yakaiswa pamotokari, kushanda kwayo kunobva pakushandiswa kwemasimba ekukwenya. Mabhureki maitiro ehurongwa hwekushanda akaiswa zvakananga muvhiri. Iyo yekupaka brake inogona kunge iri kuseri kwegiya bhokisi kana kutumira kesi.

Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwechikamu chekukwesha, pane chigubhu uye dhisiki mabhureki michina.

Iyo brake mechanism ine inotenderera uye yakagadziriswa chikamu. Sechikamu chinotenderera drum mechanism chigubhu chebhureki chinoshandiswa, chikamu chakagadziriswa - brake pads kana mabhandi.

chikamu chinotenderera dhisiki nzira inomiririrwa nebhureki disc, yakagadziriswa - nemabhureki pads. Pamberi nekumashure maaxles emotokari dzemazuva ano dzevatakuri, sekutonga, mabhureki e disc anoiswa.

Mashandiro anoita madhiramu

Zvikamu zvikuru zvemukati zvedhiramu mabhureki ndezvi:

1. Brake drum. Chinhu chakagadzirwa nepamusoro-simba rakakandwa simbi alloys. Inosungirirwa pahubhu kana shaft yekutsigira uye inoshumira kwete chete sechikamu chikuru chekubatana chinopindirana zvakananga nemapadhi, asiwo seimba umo mamwe ose akaiswa. Chikamu chemukati chedhiramu remabhureki chinogadzikwa kuitira kuti bhureki rishande zvakanaka.
2. Pads. Kusiyana ne disc brake pads, madhiramu brake pads ane semi-denderedzwa muchimiro. Chikamu chavo chekunze chine yakakosha asbestos coating. Kana mabhureki mapedhi akaiswa pamavhiri ekumashure, saka rimwe rawo rakabatana kune yekupaka brake lever.
3. Tension springs. Zvinhu izvi zvakasungirirwa kumusoro uye nechepasi zvikamu zvemapadhi, zvichivadzivirira kuti vasafambe nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana pasina basa.
4. Brake cylinders. Uyu ndiwo muviri unokosha wakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa, kumativi ose maviri ayo anoshanda pistons akaiswa. Iwo anobatidzwa ne hydraulic pressure inoitika kana mutyairi achidzvanya brake pedal. Zvimwe zvikamu zvepistoni zvisimbiso zverabha uye vharafu yekubvisa mweya wakavharirwa mudunhu.
5. Dziviriro dhisiki. Chikamu chacho i-hub-mounted element iyo yakasungirirwa mabhureki cylinders nemapads. Kusunga kwavo kunoitwa nekushandisa mabhanhire akakosha.
6. Self-advance mechanism. Hwaro hwemashini ndeye wedge yakakosha, inodzika sezvo mabhureki pads akasakara pasi. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuvimbisa kugara uchitsikirira mapedhi kumusoro kwedhiramu, zvisinei nekupfeka kwavo kwekushanda.

**Izvo zvikamu zvakarongwa nesu zvinowanzogamuchirwa. Ivo vanoshandiswa nevazhinji vagadziri vakuru. Kune akati wandei ezvikamu zvakaiswa zvakavanzika nemamwe makambani. Zvakadai, semuenzaniso, ndiyo nzira yekuunza mapadhi, marudzi ese emaspacers, nezvimwe.

Ainoita: mutyairi, kana zvichidikanwa, anotsikirira pedal, achigadzira kuwedzera kudzvinyirira mudunhu rebhureki. Iwo ma hydraulics anodzvanya pane master cylinder pistons, ayo anoita kuti mabrake pads. Ivo "vanosiyana" kumativi, vachitambanudza zvitubu zvekubatanidza, uye vanosvika panzvimbo dzekubatana nepamusoro pekushanda kwedhiramu. Pamusana pekukakavadzana kunoitika munyaya iyi, kukurumidza kwekutenderera kwemavhiri kunoderera, uye motokari inononoka. Iyo general algorithm yekushanda kwedhiramu mabhureki inotaridzika chaizvo seizvi. Iko hakuna misiyano yakakosha pakati pemasisitimu ane piston imwe uye maviri.

Zvakanakira nekuipira kweDrum Brakes

Pakati pe hunhu Iyo dhiramu system inogona kusiyaniswa nekureruka kwekugadzira, nzvimbo yakakura yekubatana pakati pemapadhi nedhiramu, yakaderera mutengo, yakaderera kupisa chizvarwa, uye mukana wekushandisa isingadhure mabhureki fluid ine yakaderera kuvira. Uyewo, pakati pezvinhu zvakanaka ndeye yakavharwa dhizaini inodzivirira michina kubva mumvura uye tsvina.

Zvakaipa zve drum brakes:

• kunonoka kupindura;
• kusagadzikana kwekuita;
• kutadza kufema zvakanaka;
• iyo sisitimu inoshanda kuputsa, iyo inoganhura inobvumirwa kumanikidza simba remapadhi pamadziro edhiramu;
• nekazhinji braking uye mitoro yakakwira, deformation yedhiramu nekuda kwekudziya kwakasimba kunogoneka.

Mumotokari dzemazuva ano, mabhureki edhiramu anoshandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Chaizvoizvo anoiswa pamavhiri ekumashure mumhando dzebhajeti. Muchiitiko ichi, dzinoshandiswawo kushandisa mabhureki ekupaka.

Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuwedzera ukuru hwedhiramu, zvinokwanisika kuwana kuwedzera kwesimba remabhureki system. Izvi zvakakonzera kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemabhureki edhiramu mumarori nemabhazi.

Kuti mabhureki edhisiki anoshanda sei

Iyo disc brake mechanism ine inotenderera brake disc, maviri akagadzika mapadhi akaiswa mukati mecaliper kumativi ese.

Muchirongwa ichi, mapedhi akaiswa pane caliper anotsikirirwa kumativi ose kune ndege dzebhureki disc, iyo inosungirirwa kune vhiri hub uye inotenderera nayo. Metal brake pads ane friction linings.

Iyo caliper muviri wakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa kana aluminium muchimiro chebhureketi. Mukati mayo mune brake cylinder ine piston inotsikirira mapedhi padhisiki panguva yekubhureki.

Iyo bracket (caliper) inogona kuyangarara kana kugadziriswa. Bhaketi rinoyangarara rinogona kufamba richitevedza magwara. Ane piston imwe chete. Iyo yakagadziriswa dhizaini caliper ine mapistoni maviri, imwe kune rumwe rutivi rwe disc. Muchina wakadaro unokwanisa kudzvanya mapedhi achipokana nedhisiki yebhureki zvakanyanya uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumamodeli ane simba.

Mabhureki discs anogadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa, simbi, kabhoni uye ceramic. Cast iron discs haidhure, ine yakanaka frictional hunhu uye yakaringana kupfeka kuramba. Naizvozvo, ivo vanonyanya kushandiswa.

Simbi isina tsvina inoshivirira shanduko yekushisa zviri nani, asi frictional properties yakaipisisa.

Lightweight carbon discs ane high coefficient of friction uye yakanakisa kupisa kupisa. Asi ivo vanoda preheating, uye mutengo wavo wakanyanya kukwirira. Kukura kwekabhoni brake discs mota dzemitambo.

Ceramics yakaderera kune kabhoni fiber maererano nekukakavadzana coefficient, asi inoshanda zvakanaka pakupisa kwepamusoro, ine simba rakakosha uye kupfeka kuramba pahuremu hwakaderera. Iko kusakosha kukuru kwemadhisiki akadaro ndiyo mari yakakwirira.

Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwedhisiki mabhureki

Kubatsira kwe disc brakes:

• huremu hushoma kana huchienzaniswa nedhiramu system;
• nyore kuongororwa uye kuchengetedza;
• kutonhora kuri nani nekuda kwekuvhura dhizaini;
• kushanda kwakadzikama munzvimbo yakakura yekushisa.

Zvakaipa zve disc brakes:

• kupisa kwakanyanya kupisa;
• kudiwa kwekuwedzera amplifiers nekuda kwenzvimbo shoma yekusangana pakati pemapadhi uye diski;
• kukurumidza kupfeka pad;
• mari yacho yakakwirira kudarika yedhiramu system.