Vladimir Kramnik ndiye shasha yechess yenyika

The Professional Chess Association (PCA) isangano rechess rakavambwa naGarry Kasparov naNigel Short muna 1993. Sangano rakagadzirwa nekuda kweKasparov (panguva iyoyo shasha yepasirese) uye Short (mukundi wekugogodza) kusagamuchira mamiriro emari emakwikwi epasi rose akagadzwa neFIDE (International Chess Federation). Nigel Short akabva ahwina mumakwikwi eFIDE, uye mumakwikwi eVavhoti akakunda aimbove shasha yenyika Anatoly Karpov naJan Timman. Mushure mekudzingwa muFIDE, Kasparov naShort vakatamba mutambo muLondon muna 1993 uyo wakapera mukukunda kwe12½: 7½ kwaKasparov. Kubuda kweSPS uye kurongeka kwemutambo wemakwikwi wezita remukwikwidzi wepasirese kwakakonzera kupatsanurwa munyika yechess. Kubva ipapo, mitambo yemakwikwi enyika yakarongwa nenzira mbiri: neFIDE uye nemasangano akatangwa naKasparov. Vladimir Kramnik akava Braingmas World Champion (PCA kuenderera) muna 2000 mushure mekukunda Kasparov. Muna 2006, mutambo wakabatana wezita remumhanyi wenyika wakaitika, izvo zvakazotevera Vladimir Kramnik akava mutungamiriri wenyika chess shasha.

1. Vechidiki Volodya Kramnik, kunobva: http://bit.ly/3pBt9Ci

Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (Russian: Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik) akaberekwa munaJune 25, 1975 muTuapse, Krasnodar mudunhu, pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku. Baba vake vakadzidza kuAcademy of Arts uye vakava muvezi uye muvezi. Amai vakapedza kudzidza paimba yokuchengeta mitambo muLviv, gare gare vakashanda somudzidzisi wenziyo. Kubva achiri mudiki, Volodya aionekwa semwana mudiki muguta rake rekuzvarwa (1). Paakanga ava nemakore 3, akatarisa mitambo yaiitwa nemukoma wake nababa. Vachiona kufarira kwaVladimir muduku, baba vakaisa dambudziko riri nyore pachessboard, uye mwana asingatarisiri, pakarepo, akazvigadzirisa nenzira yakarurama. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Volodya akatanga kutamba chess kuna baba vake. Pazera re10, akange atove mutambi akanakisa muTuapse yese. Apo Vladimir aiva nemakore 11 okuberekwa, mhuri yose yakatamira kuMoscow. Ikoko akapinda chikoro chematarenda chess, yakasikwa uye inotungamirirwa neaimbova aibatsira chitima Garry Kasparov. Vabereki vake vakabatsirawo mukukura kwetarenda yaVladimir, uye baba vake vakatosiya basa kuti vaperekedze mwanakomana wavo kumakwikwi.

Pagumi neshanu ane tarenda chess mutambi aigona kutamba akavhara kumeso nevashori makumi maviri panguva imwe chete! Pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kuKasparov, wechidiki Kramnik akabatanidzwa muchikwata cheRussia che chess uye pazera remakore 16 chete, akamiririra Russia paChess Olympiad muManila. Haana kunyengera tariro yake uye pamitambo mipfumbamwe yakatambwa kumaOlympics, akahwina misere ndokuita mangange mumwe chete. Muna 1995, akawana kukunda kwake kwekutanga kuWorld Championships kuDortmund pasina kukundwa kana kukundwa mumakwikwi aya. Mumakore akatevera, Kramnik akaenderera mberi nerwendo rwake rwekuita zvakanaka uye akakunda makwikwi e9 muDortmund.

Braingames World Chess Championship Match

Muna 2000 muLondon Kramnik akatamba mutambo weshasha yenyika naKasparov naBrainggames (2). Mumutambo waive wanetsa, waive nemitambo gumi nematanhatu, Kramnik akangoerekana akunda mudzidzisi wake Kasparov, anga akagara pachigaro che chess kwemakore gumi nematanhatu apfuura.

2. Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov, mutambo wemakwikwi epasi rose esangano reBrainggames, kwakabva: https://bit.ly/3cozwoR

Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov

Braingames World Championship mutambo muLondon, 10th round, Gumiguru 24.10.2000, XNUMX, XNUMX

1.d4 Sf6 2.c4 e6 3.Sc3 Gb4 4.e3 O -O 5.Gd3 d5 6.Sf3 c5 7.OO c: d4 8.e: d4 d: c4 9.G: c4 b6 10.Gg5 Gb7 11.We1 Sbd7 12.Wc1 Wc8 13.Hb3 Ge7 14.G: f6 S: f6 15.G: e6 (mufananidzo 3) q:e6? (Ndaifanira kutamba 15… Rc7 16.Sg5 N:d4 17.S:f7 Bc5 18.Sd6+ Kh8 19.S:b7 H:f2+ uye Mutema ane muripo wechitambi chakarasika) 16.H: e6 + Kh8 17.H: e7 G: f3 18.g: f3 Q: d4 19.Sb5 H: b2? (было лучше 19…Qd2 20.W:c8 W:c8 21.Sd6 Rb8 22.Sc4 Qd5 23.H:a7 Ra8 ine chena-inodzorwa zvishoma) 20.W: c8 W: c8 21.Nd6 Rb8 22.Nf7 + Kg8 23.Qe6 Rf8 24.Nd8 + Kh8 25.Qe7 1-0 (Mufananidzo 4).

3. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, chinzvimbo mushure me15.G: e6

4. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, kupedzisa chinzvimbo mushure mekufamba kwe25 He7

Vladimir Kramnik haana kurasikirwa nemutambo mumwe chete mumutambo uyu, uye ane chikwereti chekukunda kwake, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekushandisa "Berlin Wall" musiyano, unogadzirwa mushure mekufamba: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 (dhayagiramu 5) 4.OO S:e4 5.d4 Sd6 6.G:c6 d:c6 7.d:e5 Sf5 8.H:d8 K:d8 (dhayagiramu 6).

5. Rusvingo rweBerlin kubva kudivi reSpanish

6. Shanduro ye "Berlin Wall" naVladimir Kramnik.

Berlin Wall muSpanish Party Inokwereta zita rayo ku2000th yezana chess chikoro muBerlin, iyo yakaisa iyi mutsauko mukunyatso ongorora. Akaramba ari kumashure kwenguva yakareba, asingatarisirwi nevatambi vakanyanya chess kwemakumi emakore, kusvika XNUMX, apo Kramnik akamushandisa mumutambo wakatarisana. Kasparov. Mukusiyana uku, Mutema haachakwanise kukanda (kunyangwe izvi zvisina kukosha zvakanyanya mukushaikwa kwemahosi) uye ane zvidimbu zvakapetwa kaviri. Chirongwa chaBlack ndechekuvhara nzira dzese kumusasa wake uye kutora mukana wevaviri vatumwa. Musiyano uyu dzimwe nguva unosarudzwa naBlack kana dhirowa iri mhedzisiro yemakwikwi.

Kramnik akaishandisa kanokwana kana mumutambo uyu. Kasparov nechikwata chake havana kuwana mushonga kuRusvingo rweBerlin, uye mukwikwidzi akasvika nyore nyore. Zita rokuti "Berlin Wall" rinobatanidzwa nekuvimbika kwekutanga kwayo, ndiro zvakare zita resimbi kana yakasimbiswa kongiri zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza makomba akadzika ("Berlin Wall").

7. Vladimir Kramnik paCorus Chess Tournament, Wijk aan Zee, 2005, kwakabva: http://bit.ly/36rzYPc

Muna October 2002 muna Bahrain Kramnik dhirowa mumutambo wemitambo misere uchipokana neDeep Fritz 7 chess komputa (peak kumhanya: 3,5 miriyoni zvinzvimbo pasekondi). Homwe yemubairo yaive miriyoni imwe chete yemadhora. Zvese komputa nemunhu zvakahwina mitambo miviri. Kramnik akaswedera pedyo nekukunda mutambo uyu, asingazive akarasikirwa nedhirowa mumutambo wechitanhatu. Murume uyu aive nemahwina maviri munzvimbo dzakareruka, semuenzaniso, uko makomputa ari pasi zvakanyanya kune vanhu, uye akapotsa akunda mumutambo wechina. Akarasikirwa nemutambo mumwe nekuda kwechikanganiso chikuru chehunyanzvi, uye imwe yacho nekuda kwekuita zvine njodzi mune imwe nzvimbo inobatsira.

Muna 2004, Kramnik akadzivirira zita rake renyika. sangano reBraingmes, iro rakatamba dhirowa neHungary Peter Leko muguta reSwitzerland reBrissago (maererano nemitemo yemutambo, Kramnik akachengeta zita racho mukudhirowa). Zvichakadaro, akapinda mumakwikwi akawanda e chess nevatambi vepamusoro chess pasi rose, kusanganisira ayo anoitwa gore negore muguta reDutch. Wijk aan Zee, kazhinji muhafu yechipiri yaNdira kana pakutanga kwaNdira naKukadzi (7). Makwikwi azvino eWimbledon muWijk aan Zee anonzi Tata Steel Chess anoridzwa nemaPole maviri: uye.

Mechi yezita rakabatana renyika chess shasha

MunaSeptember 2006, muElista (guta guru reRussia Republic of Kalmykia) mutambo wezita rakabatana remutambo wechess wakaitika pakati peVladimir Kramnik neBulgarian Veselin Topalov (mhare yenyika yeInternational Chess Federation) (8).

8. Vladimir Kramnik (kuruboshwe) naVeselin Topalov mumutambo wekutanga we2006 World Chess Championship match, kwakabva: Mergen Bembinov, Associated Press

Mutambo uyu wakaperekedzwa neane mukurumbira chess scandal (iyo inonzi "chimbuzi chinonyadzisa"), yakabatana nekufungira rubatsiro rusina mvumo rwekombuta. Kramnik akapomerwa nemaneja weTopalov kuzvitsigira muchirongwa cheFritz 9 muchimbuzi chega. Mushure mekuvharwa kwezvimbuzi zvakasiyana, Kramnik, mukupikisa, haana kutanga mutambo unotevera, wechishanu (uye akabva atungamirira 3: 1) uye akarasikirwa nekukundwa kwekambani. Mushure mekunge zvimbuzi zvavhurwa, mutambo wakapera. Mushure memitambo mikuru gumi nemiviri zvibodzwa zvaive 12:6, Kramnik akahwina 6:2,5 mukuwedzera nguva. Mushure memutambo uyu, pamakwikwi mazhinji akanyanya kukosha chess, madhigirii esimbi anoongororwa asati apinda muhoro yemitambo.

Mushure mekuhwina zita renyika, Kramnik akatamba mutambo wenzira nhanhatu uchipokana neDeep Fritz 10 komputa chirongwa muBonn., Mbudzi 25 - Zvita 5, 2006 (9).

9. Kramnik - Deep Fritz 10, Bonn 2006, kunobva: http://bit.ly/3j435Nz

10. Gumbo rechipiri raDeep Fritz 10 - Kramnik, Bonn, 2006

Komputa yakahwina ine zvibodzwa zve4:2 (mahwina maviri uye 4 anodhirowa). Uku ndiko kwaive kudhumhana kwekupedzisira kwemuchina wevanhu, kunosvika mamirioni masere pasekondi nepakati pemutambo kudzika kwekusvika 17-18 laps. Panguva iyoyo, Fritz aiva 3rd - 4th injini munyika. Kramnik akagamuchira 500 10 euros kwekutanga, angadai akawana mamiriyoni ekukunda. Mukudhirowa kwekutanga, Kramnik haana kutora mukana wekuhwina. Mutambo wechipiri wakave wakakurumbira nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe: Kramnik akabatanidza mune imwe nhanho mune yakaenzana endgame, iyo inowanzonzi kukanganisa kusingaperi (Fig. 34). Ari pachinzvimbo ichi, Kramnik akangoerekana atamba 3… He35 ??, ndokubva awana mumwe 7.Qh3 ≠. Pamusangano wevatori venhau wakarongwa mushure memutambo, Kramnik haana kukwanisa kutsanangura kuti sei akaita chikanganiso ichi, akataura kuti akanzwa zvakanaka zuva iroro, akatamba mutambo nenzira kwayo, akaverenga nenzira yakarurama kusiyana kweHeXNUMX, ndokutarisa kakawanda, asi sezvaaiti iye. Kuora kwezuva kunoshamisa, kudzima.

Mitambo mitatu yakatevera yakapera iri mangange. Mumutambo wekupedzisira, wechitanhatu, maaive asina chaaizorasikirwa nacho uye aifanira kuenda munzira yese, Kramnik akatamba zvine hukasha zvisingaite. Naidorf akasiyana muSicilian Defense, uye akarasikirwa zvakare. Kubva pachiitiko ichi, nyika yese yechess, kunyanya vatsigiri, yakaziva kuti mutambo unotevera wekuratidzira waizotambwa mune chimwe chinangwa, nekuti munhu akaremara haana mukana muduel nekombuta.

Zvita 31, 2006 shasha yepasi rose chess Vladimir Kramnik akaroora mutori wenhau weFrance Marie-Laure Germont, uye muchato wavo wechechi wakaitwa munaFebruary 4 paAlexander Nevsky Cathedral muParis (11). Mhemberero iyi yakapindwa nemhuri uye shamwari dzepedyo, semuenzaniso, mumiriri weFrance kubvira 1982, wegumi wenyika chess shasha.

11. Mambo namambokadzi wake: Chechi yeOrthodox muAlexander Nevsky Cathedral muParis, tsime: Mifananidzo kubva kumuchato waVladimir Kramnik | ChessBase

Vladimir Kramnik akarasikirwa zita rake renyika muna 2007 kusvika Vishwanatana Ananda makwikwi muMexico. Muna 2008 muBonn, akarasikirwa zvakare nemutambo wekutonga nyika shasha Viswanathan Anand 4½: 6½.

Kramnik akamiririra Russia kakawanda mumakundano echikwata, anosanganisira: kasere kuChess Olympiads (katatu złoty seboka uye katatu złoty somunhu oga). Muna 2013, akahwina menduru yegoridhe kuWorld Team Championship yakaitirwa muAntalya (Turkey).

Kramnik akaronga kupedzisa basa rake re chess pamakumi mana, asi zvinozoitika kuti achiri kutamba padanho repamusoro, aine mwero wepamusoro webasa rake pazera re40. Gumiguru 41, 1 ine zvibodzwa zve2016 mapoinzi. Parizvino ichiri kuverengerwa pakati pezvakanakisa pasirese uye chinzvimbo chayo pa2817 Jan 2763 ndeye 1.

12. Vladimir Kramnik pamusasa wekudzidzira wevadiki veIndia vakatanhamara muguta reFrance reChen-sur-Leman muna Nyamavhuvhu 2019, mufananidzo: Amruta Mokal

Parizvino, Vladimir Kramnik anowedzera nguva yakawanda yekudzidzisa vechidiki chess vatambi (12). Musi waNdira 7-18, 2020, aimbove shasha yepasirese akatora chikamu mumusasa wekudzidzira muChennai (Madras), India (13). Vatambi vechidiki gumi nevana vane tarenda kubva kuIndia vane makore 12-16 (kusanganisira vepasi rose muboka rezera ravo D. Gukesh naR. Praggnanandaa) vakapinda mumusasa wemazuva gumi wekudzidzira. Akave zvakare mudzidzisi wekudzidzisa kune vamwe vevadiki vepamusoro pasi rose. Boris Gelfand - Sekuru Belarusian anomiririra Israeri, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wenyika muna 2012.

13. Vladimir Kramnik naBoris Gelfand vanodzidzisa vechidiki vechiIndia vane tarenda muChennai, mufananidzo: Amruta Mokal, ChessBase India

The Kramniks vanogara muGeneva uye vane vana vaviri, mwanasikana Daria (akaberekwa 2008) (ane makore 14) uye mwanakomana Vadim (akaberekwa 2013). Zvichida vana vavo mune ramangwana vachatevera mumakwara ebaba vakakurumbira.

14. Vladimir Kramnik nemwanasikana wake Daria, kwakabva: https://bit.ly/3akwBL9

Rondedzero yevatambi venyika chess

Mhedziso nyika shasha

1. Wilhelm Steinitz, 1886-1894

2. Immanuel Lasker, 1894-1921

3. José Raul Capablanca, 1921-1927

4. Alexander Alechin, 1927-1935 uye 1937-1946

5. Max Euwe, 1935-1937

6. Mikhail Botvinnik, 1948-1957, 1958-1960 uye 1961-1963

7. Vasily Smyslov, 1957-1958

8. Mikhail Tal, 1960-1961

9. Tigran Petrosyan, 1963-1969

10. Boris Spassky, 1969-1972

11. Bobby Fischer, 1972-1975

12. Anatoly Karpov, 1975-1985

13. Garry Kasparov, 1985-1993

PCA/Brainggames World Champions (1993-2006)

1. Garry Kasparov, 1993-2000

2. Vladimir Kramnik, 2000-2006.

FIDE World Champions (1993-2006)

1. Anatoly Karpov, 1993-1999

2. Alexander Chalifman, 1999-2000

3. Viswanathan Anand, 2000-2002

4. Ruslan Ponomarev, 2002-2004

5. Rustam Kasymdzhanov, 2004-2005.

Veselin Topalov, 6-2005

Undisputed World Champions (mushure mekubatana)

14. Vladimir Kramnik, 2006-2007.

15. Viswanathan Anand, 2007-2013

16. Magnus Carlsen, kubvira 2013