Mutyairi nemaziso enyanzvi dzepfungwa

Hurukuro naDorota Bonk-Gyda, Mukuru weDhipatimendi reRoad Transport Psychology paTransport Institute.

Bazi reRoad Transport Psychology ndiro sangano rinotungamira munyika rinobata nyaya dzine chekuita nemaitiro evashandisi vemigwagwa.

Ndeipi nyaya yebasa rekutsvakurudza rakadzama?    

Dorothy Bank-Gaida: Dhipatimendi rePsychology yeRoad Transport reMotor Transport Institute rinobata nekuongororwa kwezvinokonzeresa zvepfungwa netsaona dzemumigwagwa. Isu tinotarisisa kuongororo yesainzi yemafambiro evatyairi maererano nekushanda kwavo mumamiriro emumigwagwa, kubva pamaitiro emazuva ese kuburikidza nepesvedzero yezvinhu zvinotyora kuchengetedzwa kwevafambi, uye kupera nezviitiko zvinotyisidzira hupenyu uye hutano hwevafambi. vatori vechikamu.

Imwe yenzira yekuongorora kwedu zvakare maitiro epfungwa evatyairi vechidiki sevanowanzoitika mutsaona dzemumugwagwa - (makore 18-24). Mukuwedzera, mudhipatimendi tinobata nemamiriro ezvinhu asingadiwi, i.e. chiitiko chemhirizhonga yemumugwagwa uye kudhakwa kwevatyairi vemotokari. Kutenda kune ruzivo uye kubatana kwechikwata chedu nemarabhoritari epfungwa kubva kumativi ese ePoland, isu tinokwanisa kuita mhando dzakasiyana dzeongororo munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Mukudzoka, tinogashira kwakasarudzika ruzivo nezve maitiro uye maitiro evatyairi venzvimbo. Ndinoda kuziva kuti ndisu chete sangano rekutsvagisa muPoland rinogadzira nzira dzekutsvagisa pfungwa dzevatyairi, uye zvinyorwa zvedhipatimendi zvakasarudzika mundima yezvekufambisa psychology. 

Kukosha kwechikwata chedu kunosimbiswa nechokwadi chokuti kuongorora kwepfungwa kwevatyairi kunogona kuitwa chete nenyanzvi yezvepfungwa nekodzero yenyanzvi, yakasimbiswa nekupinda muzvinyorwa zvakachengetwa nevoivodeship marshals. Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti ruzivo rwuparidze mundima yekuchengetedzwa kwemigwagwa, vashandi vedhipatimendi vanobatikana mukudzidziswa kwenyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinoda kuwana dhigirii kuburikidza nekuita makirasi edzidziso uye anoshanda nevadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza mumunda wezvekufambisa psychology. Imwe nzira yekudzidziswa masemina uye kudzidziswa kwakasarudzika. Vanogamuchira, pakati pevamwe Mapurisa emigwagwa yeMatunhu, nyanzvi dzezvemitemo, nyanzvi dzekufambisa dzepfungwa. 

Ko izvo zvidzidzo zvakaitwa paZPT lab uye mhedzisiro yavo inosimbisa kutenda kwakakurumbira pamusoro pemaitiro akaipa evatyairi vePolish uye yavo banal bravado?

Tsvagiridzo yesainzi yakaitwa padhipatimendi nenzira kwayo inopa zvimwe zviitiko kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakadzama kwemaitiro uye vavariro dzevatyairi. Mhedzisiro yacho yakagadzirirwa kubvisa ngano dzemagariro nezve traffic, semhedzisiro yedoro pakutyaira kwakanaka. Semasayendisiti, isu tinopesana negomba revashandisi vemigwagwa, sevatyairi vemotokari vachipikisa vatyairi vemidhudhudhu, nekuti chinangwa chedu chiri pamusoro pese kukurudzira tsika dzakachengeteka uye kuparadzira misimboti yetsika yekutyaira uye kuremekedzana munzira. 

Kuongororwa kwezviitiko zvepfungwa mukutakura kunotibvumira kuratidza mikana yekupesvedzera kuvandudzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemigwagwa. Pamunhu mumwe nemumwe, mutyairi wega wega ari kuongororwa murabhoritari yepfungwa yeDhipatimendi, mushure mekuedzwa, anogamuchira kurudziro yekuti angavandudza sei kunyaradzwa kwekushanda mumigwagwa, achifunga nezve simba ravo uye kushaya simba. Isu tinowanzo bvunzana navanachiremba (ophthalmologists, neurologists) kunyatsoongorora kusavapo kana kuvapo kwezvinopesana nekutyaira sechikamu chekudzivirira mumunhu akapihwa. 

Zvinokwanisika here kuongorora, zvichibva pakuongororwa kwezvakaunganidzwa zvakawanikwa zvekutsvaga, uko hutsinye mumigwagwa hunobva?

Zviitwa zveDhipatimendi zvinosanganisirawo kugadzira zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa nekudzidzisa patsva mapoka evatyairi kana nyanzvi dzezvekufambisa. Basa rekudzidzisa redhipatimendi rinobatsirawo mukuzivikanwa kwemhedzisiro yetsvagiridzo yedu pamisangano yesainzi nemasemina. Isu tinoongorora huwandu hwevatyairi vePoland maererano nehunhu hwavo hwepfungwa, kusanganisira hunhu hwekuita zvine njodzi mutraffic.

Tinoedza kuparadzira ruzivo rwedu nokutora rutivi nesimba mumishandirapamwe yokugarisana nevamwe, somuenzaniso nokunyevera pamusoro pokutyaira kwakadhakwa kana kuti nokutaura zvakananga vatyairi vaduku uye mufambiro wavo mumugwagwa. Uye pakupedzisira, kuburikidza nezviitwa zvedu, tinoedza kusvika kune vese nyanzvi dzekuchengetedza mumigwagwa uye kune vakasiyana-siyana yevatyairi, vese nyanzvi neamateur, kusanganisira kuburikidza nevezvenhau, tichipa ongororo yehunyanzvi inotsanangura zvikonzero nemhedzisiro yezviito zvakanangana nemugwagwa. 

Zvinoita here, maererano nemirau yazvino uno, kusabatanidza vanhu vasina muitiro wokutyaira motokari vasati vava mutyairi?

Mitemo yemazuva ano yemutemo pamusoro pekuedzwa kwepfungwa dzevatyairi inoisa chisungo ichi kune rimwe boka revakapindura. Miedzo yakadai inosungirwa kuvatyairi (marori, mabhazi), vatakuri, vatyairi vemakombi, vatyairi vemaamburenzi, varairidzi vekutyaira, vaongorori uye vatyairi vakagadzwa nachiremba.

Ongororo iyi inobatawo vanhu vanoendeswa nechisimba nemapurisa kunoongororwa. Izvi ndezvi: vapari vetsaona, vatyairi vanovharirwa nekutyaira vakadhakwa kana kudarika muganhu we demerit points. Dhipatimendi redu rinogadzira nzira dzekuongororwa kwepfungwa dzevatyairi, i.e. seti yemiedzo uye nhungamiro inodiwa pakuona kwakaringana uye kwakaringana kuongororwa kwemota dzekutyaira dziri pamusoro. Nehurombo, isu tinongotarisa vamiriri vevatyairi muPoland nekutumira kwachiremba. Naizvozvo, isu hatina mukana wepamutemo wekupesvedzera vatyairi vekutanga, uye ndivo vanokonzeresa tsaona dzakawanda (vatyairi vane makore 18-24).

Nekuda kweizvozvo, marezinesi ekutyaira anowanzo kupihwa kune vanhu vanoziva mitemo yekutyaira kwemutyairi, asi vanogona kunge vasina kukura mupfungwa, vasina kugarisana nevamwe, vane hutsinye nemakwikwi, kana kutya zvakanyanya nekudaro vanogona kuva nengozi. Kusavapo kwekuongororwa kwepfungwa kwevanoda kuva vatyairi kunoreva kuti kodzero yekutyaira motokari inopihwa kune vanhu vane matambudziko epfungwa nedzepfungwa. Chimwe chikanganiso chakakosha chemutemo wePoland kushaikwa kwebvunzo dzekumanikidzirwa dzevakweguru nevakura. Vatyairi ava vanowanzoisa njodzi kune ivo uye nevamwe, nekuti havakwanise kunyatso ongorora yavo yekutarisira kutyaira.

Kana vakazvipira kutsvakurudza, vanogona kudzidza ruzivo rwakawanda rwakakosha pamusoro pezvavasingakwanisi, izvo zvichaita kuti zvive nyore kwavari kusarudza kana kuramba vachityaira ivo pachavo. Sekuona kwangu, kuunzwa kwekuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwevachairi vekutyaira uye vanhu vanopfuura makore XNUMX ekuberekwa kwaizowedzera zvakanyanya kuziva kwevanhu ava uye kunoderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwenjodzi dzemumugwagwa dzakagadzirwa nemapoka aya evatyairi.

Chisungo chekuita cheki yenguva nenguva yekusimba kwekutyaira hachifanirwe kuwedzera kune vanhu vanotyaira mota kuti vawane pundutso chete, asiwo kune vese vanhu vanopinda mumigwagwa, i.e. zvakare kune vatyairi vemotokari dzinotakura vanhu, vatyairi vemidhudhudhu, etc. tsaona dzemumigwagwa imhosva. yevatyairi vemarudzi ese emota, uye yakarongeka yekusimba bvunzo ichaita basa rekudzivirira uye rekudzidzisa kuburikidza nekutungamira kwega kwetraffic psychologist.

Dorothy Bank-Guide, Massachusetts

Musoro weDhipatimendi rePsychology yeRoad Transport kuRoad Transport Institute muWarsaw.

Akapedza kudzidza kubva kuFaculty of Psychology paYunivhesiti yeCardinal Stefan Wyshinsky muWarsaw. Vakapedza Kupedza Zvidzidzo muTransport Psychology. Muna 2007 akapedza zvidzidzo zvake zvechiremba mune zvehupfumi paYunivhesiti yeEntrepreneurship and Management. Leon Kozminsky muWarsaw. Nyanzvi yepfungwa inobvumirwa kuita bvunzo dzepfungwa dzevatyairi.