Hydrogen bulk carrier, bhatiri-powered mudziyo wengarava

Dzvinyiriro yekudzikisa greenhouse gasi uye kuburitsa zvinosvibisa zvakawedzera kuindasitiri yekutumira. Zvivako zvekutanga zvinofambiswa nemagetsi, gasi rechisikigo kana hydrogen zvatove kuvakwa.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvifambiso zvemugungwa zvinokonzeresa 3,5-4% yegreenhouse gas emissions, kunyanya kabhoni dhaikisaidhi, uye kutowedzera kusvibiswa. Kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose ekusvibiswa kwezvinosvibisa, kutumira "kunobudisa" 18-30% yenitrogen oxides uye 9% yesulfur oxides.

Sulfur mumhepo inoumba acid mvurazvinoparadza zvirimwa nezvivakwa. Sulfur inhalation inokonzera matambudziko nehurongwa hwekufemauye kunyange kuwedzera njodzi yekurwadziwa kwemoyo. Mafuta emugungwa anowanzo zvidimbu zvinorema zvemafuta asina kuchena (1), ine sarufa yakawanda.

anodaro Irene Blooming, mutauriri weEuropean Environmental coalition Seas in Risk.

anotsinhira Nerijus Poskus wekambani yekufambisa tekinoroji Flexport.

1. Traditional rinorema mafuta marine injini

Muna 2016, United Nations neInternational Maritime Organisation (IMO) vakasarudza kuunza mutemo wekudzikisa zvinobvumidzwa kubuda kwemagasi egreenhouse uye zvinosvibisa. Mitemo inoisa miganho yakakosha pahuwandu hwekusvibiswa kwesarufa kubva kungarava dziri padyo nenyika inotanga kushanda kune varidzi vezvikepe kubva muna Ndira 2020. Iyo IMO yakaratidzawo kuti panosvika 2050 indasitiri yekutakura mugungwa inofanirwa kudzikisa gore negore greenhouse gasi inobuda ne50%.

Pasinei nezvinangwa zvitsva zvekuburitsa uye mirau, mhinduro dzakawanda uye dzakawanda dziri kutogadzirwa kana kurongwa pasirese izvo zvinogona kushandura zvakanyanya ecology yezvifambiso zvemugungwa.

hydrogen ferry

Mugadziri wemafuta emafuta Bloom Energy ari kushanda neSamsung Heavy Industries kugadzira ngarava dzine simba rehydrogen, Bloomberg yakashuma nguva pfupi yadarika.

Preeti Pande, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weBloom Energy wekuvandudza musika, akadaro mukutaura kune agency.

Kusvika ikozvino, zvigadzirwa zveBloom zvave zvichishandiswa kusimbisa zvivakwa uye nzvimbo dzedata. Masero akanga akazadzwa nepasi, asi iye zvino anogona kuchinjwa kuti achengete hydrogen. Kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa mafuta edhiziri, iwo anoburitsa zvakanyanya kushoma magasi egreenhouse uye haaburitse soot kana smog.

Varidzi vezvikepe pachavo vanozivisa shanduko yekuchenesa matekinoroji ekufambisa. Kambani huru pasi rose inotakura midziyo, Maersk, yakazivisa muna 2018 kuti ine chinangwa chekubvisa carbon mashandiro ayo panosvika 2050, kunyangwe isina kutaura kuti inoda kuzviita sei. Zviri pachena kuti ngarava itsva, injini itsva uye, pamusoro pezvose, mafuta matsva achadiwa kuti abudirire.

Iko kutsvaga kwekuchenesa uye kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze ekufambisa kwekutakura parizvino kunotenderera kune mbiri dzinogoneka sarudzo: liquefied natural gas uye hydrogen. Ongororo yakaitwa neDhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS Sandia National Laboratories kumashure muna 2014 yakawana hydrogen ndiyo inonyanya kuvimbisa pane mbiri idzi sarudzo.

Leonard Klebanoff, muongorori weSandia, akatanga kuongorora nemumwe wake waaishanda naye panguva iyoyo Joe Pratt kana ngarava dzemazuvano dzichigona kufambiswa nemagetsi emafuta ehydrogen pane kuashandisa pamafuta. Chirongwa chavo chakatangwa apo mufambisi wechikepe cheSan Francisco Bay akabvunza Dhipatimendi reMagetsi kana zvikepe zvaro zvaigona kushandurwa kuita haidrojeni. Nepo tekinoroji yehydrogen fuel cell yanga iripo kwemakumi emakore, hapana akafunga nezve kuishandisa pazvikepe panguva iyoyo.

Masayendisiti ose ari maviri aiva nechokwadi chokuti kushandiswa kwemasero kwaibvira, kunyange zvazvo, chokwadika, zvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana zvaizofanira kukurirwa nokuda kweizvi. pachikamu chesimba rinogadzirwa yakapetwa kana ina yakawanda mvura yehydrogen pane yakajairika mafuta edhiziri. Mainjiniya mazhinji anotya kuti vangangove vasina mafuta akakwana ezvikepe zvavo. Dambudziko rakafanana riripo neimwe nzira yehydrogen, yakanyungudika gasi rechisikigo, iro, uyezve, harina zero emission level.

2. Kuvakwa kwechokutanga chehydrogen ferry paAuckland shipyard.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kushanda kwehydrogen mafuta kunoramba kwakapetwa kaviri kwemafuta emazuva ose, saka chaizvoizvo vanoda zvakapetwa kavirikwete mana. Pamusoro pezvo, ma hydrogen propulsion masisitimu ane huzhinji hudiki pane akajairwa einjini dzemugungwa. Saka Klebanoff naPratt vakapedzisira vagumisa kuti zvaikwanisika kushandura ngarava dzakawanda dziripo kuhydrogen uye kuti zvingava nyore kugadzira ngarava itsva yemafuta.

Muna 2018, Pratt akasiya Sandia Labs kuti atsvage Goridhe Gedhi Zero Emission Marine, iyo yakagadzira hurongwa hwakadzama hwechikepe chehydrogen uye yakatendesa Nyika yeCalifornia kuti ipe madhora mazana matatu emamiriyoni ekutsigira chirongwa chekutyaira. Panzvimbo inogadzirwa ngarava muOakland, California, basa riri kuenderera mberi rekuvaka mayuniti ekutanga emhando iyi (2) Chikepe chinotakura vanhu, chakarongwa kupedzwa mukupera kwegore rino, chichava chikepe chekutanga chine magetsi muUnited States. Ichashandiswa kutakura vafambi vachiyambuka San Francisco Bay Area uye kudzidza nharaunda, uye Sandia National Laboratory timu ichaongorora mudziyo nehurefu hwayo hwese.

Norwegian innovation

MuEurope, Norway inozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwayo mumunda wezvivakwa zvekunze zvine imwe nzira yekufambisa.

Muna 2016, muridzi wengarava The Fjords akatanga sevhisi yakarongwa pakati peFlåm neGudvangen kuNorwegian Midwest vachishandisa Vision yeinjini yakasanganiswa yefjords yakagadzirwa naBrødrene Aa. Brødrene Aa mainjiniya, vachishandisa ruzivo rwekuvaka Vision yemafjords, vakavaka Ramangwana reFjords pasina zvinokuvadza zvinoburitsa. Iyi ingangoita maviri-cylinder injini yakanga ine maviri 585 hp emagetsi mota. munhu wose. Iyo fiberglass catamaran inogona kutora mubhodhi kusvika kune vanosvika gumi nevatanhatu panguva imwe chete, uye kumhanya kwayo imakumi maviri mapfundo. Kunyanya kucherechedzwa inguva yekuchaja yemabhatiri anotyaira mudziyo, inongori maminetsi makumi mashanu.

Muna 2020, ngarava yemagetsi inozvimiririra inofanirwa kupinda mumvura yeNorway - Yara Birkeland. Magetsi ekufambisa mabhatiri engarava achauya zvachose kubva kumagetsi emagetsi emvura. Gore rapfuura, AAB yakazivisa hurongwa hwekudyidzana neNorway Research Center pamashandisirwo emakeji mumapoka ekutakura uye evatakuri.

Nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kuti maitiro ekuchinja iyo maritime indasitiri kune imwe nzira uye inogadzirisa zvakatipoteredza mhinduro (3) ichagara kwemakore akawanda. Hupenyu hwezvikepe hwakareba, uye inertia yeindastiri inoramba isiri pasi peiyo yemazana akati wandei ezviuru emamita akaremerwa kumuromo.