USS Long Beach. Chekutanga nyukireya submarine
USS Long Beach. Silhouette pfuti inoratidza yekupedzisira midziyo uye gadziriso yezvombo zvenyukireya-powered cruiser Long Beach. Mufananidzo wacho wakatorwa muna 1989. Yakapera 30 mm Mk 127 pfuti pakati pezvikepe zvakakosha.
Kupera kweHondo Yenyika II uye kukurumidza kukura kwendege, pamwe nekutyisidzira kutsva nenzira yezvombo zvinokandwa, zvakamanikidza shanduko huru mukufunga kwevatungamiriri uye mainjiniya eUS Navy. Kushandiswa kweinjini dzejeti kufambisira ndege, uye nekudaro kuwedzera kukuru kwekumhanya kwadzo, zvaireva kuti nechekare pakati pemakore makumi mashanu, ngarava dzakashongedzerwa neartillery system chete hadzina kukwanisa kupa dziviriro inoshanda kubva pakurwiswa kwemhepo kune zvikamu zvakaperekedzwa. .
Rimwe dambudziko reUS Navy raive kuderera kwekufamba mugungwa kwezvikepe zvekuperekedza zvaive zvichiri kushanda, izvo zvakava zvakakosha muhafu yechipiri ye50. Musi wa1 Gumiguru 1955, yekutanga yakajairwa supercarrier USS Forrestal (CVA 59) yakaiswa. kupinda kushanda. Sezvo yakakurumidza kujeka, ukuru hwayo hwakaita kuti isanzwe kune yakakwirira masaisai marefu uye kuvhuvhuta kwemhepo, ichiibvumira kuchengetedza kumhanya kwakakwirira kusingasvikike nenhovo ngarava. Conceptual kudzidza yerudzi rutsva - yakakura kupfuura kare - gungwa rekuperekedza boka, rinokwanisa kuita nzendo refu, kuchengetedza kumhanya kwakakura zvisinei nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo e-hydrometeorological, akashongedzerwa nezvombo zvinokandwa zvinopa dziviriro inobudirira kundege itsva uye makombi erwendo, yakatangwa.
Mushure mekutumirwa kwekutanga nyukireya pasi pemvura pasi rose munaGunyana 30, 1954, rudzi urwu rwegwenya remagetsi rwakaonekwa seyakanakira mayuniti epamusoro zvakare. Zvisinei, pakutanga, basa rose papurogiramu yekuvaka yakaitwa nenzira isina kufanira kana kunyange yakavanzika. Kungoshandurwa kweMutungamiriri Mukuru weUnited States Navy uye kufungidzira kwemabasa ake muna August 1955 naAdmiral W. Arleigh Burke (1901-1996) kwakakurumidza zvikuru.
Kuatomu
Mukuru uyu akatumira tsamba kumahofisi edhizaini nechikumbiro chekuongorora mukana wekutora makirasi akati wandei ezvikepe zvepasi zvine zvirimwa zvemagetsi enyukireya. Mukuwedzera kune vatakuri vendege, zvaive nezvevafambisi uye vanoperekedza saizi yefrigate kana muparadzi. Mushure mekugamuchira mhinduro yechokwadi, munaGunyana 1955, Burke akakurudzira, uye mutungamiri wake, Charles Sparks Thomas, Secretary of State weUS, vakatendera zano rekupa mari yakakwana mubhajeti ra1957 (FY57) kuvaka ngarava yekutanga ine simba renyukireya.
Zvirongwa zvekutanga zvakatora ngarava ine kutama kusingapfuure 8000 matani uye kumhanya kweanosvika makumi matatu mapfundo, asi zvakabva zvajeka kuti magetsi anodiwa, zvombo, uye zvakatonyanya kamuri yeinjini, yaisagona "kumisikidzwa." ” muhombe yezviyero zvakadaro, pasina kuwedzera kukuru mukati mayo, uye kuwira kwakabatana kunomhanya pasi pemapfundo 30. Zvakakosha kuziva pano kuti, kusiyana nemagetsi emagetsi anobva pamagetsi emhepo, gasi turbines kana dizeli injini, ukuru uye uremu. zvezvitsuwa zvemagetsi enyukireya zvisina kudarika hazvina kufambidzana nesimba rakagamuchirwa. Kushaikwa kwesimba kwakava kunyanya kucherechedzwa nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye kusingadzivisiki mukutama kwechikepe chakagadzirwa. Kwenguva pfupi, kubhadhara kurasikirwa kwesimba, mukana wekutsigira simbi yenyukireya ine gasi turbines (CONAG configuration) yakafungwa, asi pfungwa iyi yakakurumidza kusiiwa. Sezvo zvaisaita kuwedzera simba riripo, mhinduro chete yaive yekugadzira hull kuti ideredze kukweva kwayo kwehydrodynamic zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Iyi yaive nzira yakateverwa nevainjiniya, avo vakasarudza kubva padziva bvunzo kuti dhizaini ine 30: 10 kureba-kusvika-upamhi reshiyo ndiyo yaizove mhinduro.
Nenguva isipi, nyanzvi kubva kuBusiness of Ships (BuShips) dzakasimbisa mukana wekuvaka frigate, iyo yaifanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa nevarume vaviri Terrier rocket launcher uye maviri 127-mm pfuti, kutsauka zvishoma kubva pakutanga yaitarisirwa tonnage muganho. Zvisinei, kubviswa zvachose hakuna kugara kwenguva refu padanho iri, sezvo kare muna January 1956 chirongwa akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma "kuzvimba" - kutanga kusvika 8900, uye ipapo kusvika 9314 matani (pakutanga March 1956).
Muchiitiko chekuti sarudzo yakaitwa yekuisa Terrier launcher muuta uye kumashure (iyo inonzi kaviri-barreled Terrier), kutama kwakawedzera kusvika matani 9600. Pakupedzisira, mushure mekukakavadzana kukuru, chirongwa chakashongedzerwa neTerrier maviri twin- missile launchers (iine huwandu hwemakomba makumi masere), zvigaro zviviri zveTalos launcher (80 units), pamwe neRAT launcher (Rocket Assisted Torpedo, tateguru weRUR-50 ASROC). Ichi chirongwa chakanyorwa netsamba E.
