Test drive Volvo FH16 uye BMW M550d: mutemo waNewton

Musangano unonakidza usipo kwemaviri emhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari

Tiri kutaura pamusoro pemasimba - mune imwe nyaya inoratidza kukurumidza, uye mune imwe - patafura. Musangano unonakidza wekunyorerana wemhando mbiri dzemhando dzemotokari, imwe neimwe nenzira yayo ichiratidza kunyanyisa kweiyo six-cylinder philosophy.

Iwo ari mumutsara matanhatu-silinda akanyarara achizvienzanisa nenzira iyo pasina imwe injini inogona kuenderana nekuoma kwayo. Iyo yakafanana postulate ndeyechokwadi kune chero in-line matanhatu-cylinder unit. Zvisinei, izvi zviviri ndezverudzi rwakakosha - zvichida nokuti ndivo vamiririri vakanyanyisa vemarudzi avo. Iine 381 hp. uye angori matatu marita emoto anodzima injini, kutyaira iyo BMW M550d inogadzira mufananidzo usingaenzaniswi mumhuka dzemotokari uye inogona kutoonekwa seyakajeka kutaura kwekudzikisa (hatina ruzivo rwekuti 4 turbocharger vhezheni ichashanda sei zvakadaro). "Pamwe" nekuti BMW haisati yakanda injini dzemasilinda sere muzita rekudzikisa. Simba reN57S unit, hongu, harisi muhupfumi - mune imwe yeazvino bvunzo dzemotokari mota und sport M 550d, yakacherekedza avhareji yemafuta ekushandisa 11,2 malita. Uye izvi zvinobva pamushini unorema "zvishoma" matani maviri. Dzingaratidzika kuva dzinoorora zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzose dzemotokari, asi hadzisi chinhu zvichienzaniswa nechitima chine matani 40 chinofamba mumigwagwa. Volvo FH16. Neavhareji yekushandisa chete 39 malita emafuta edhiziri pa100 km. Kuenzanisa uku chii? Zviri nyore chaizvo - zvose M550d uye FH16 tora matanhatu-humburumbira uzivi kusvika zvakanyanyisa, uye ichi chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki, asi chete mumhuri inorema matirakita - kana ari-nzira kana kure-mugwagwa.

40 matani harisi dambudziko pamushini uyu. Kunyangwe pamawere emugwagwa, FH16 inoramba ichichengetedza "cruising" kumhanya kwe85 km / h, chero bedzi makona emakona achibvumira kuti ifambe nenzira yakafanana. Nekudaro, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iyo FH16 haiwanzo kushandiswa uye kunyanya nemakambani anoda kutakurwa nekukurumidza mumigwagwa ine materu. Simba chairo rerori iyi harisisina uye harisiri pasi pe750 hp. simba uye torque ye3550 Nm, inoshandiswa sekudhonza kwekutakura mitoro mikuru uye inorema senge midziyo yekuvaka kana makoramu edistillation yezvekunatsa. MuSweden, uko, kusiyana neEurope, mutemo unobvumira zvitima zvinorema kupfuura matani 40, anenge matani 60 emitoro, zvakadai sematanda, kazhinji kazhinji anotakurwa. Hazvirevi kuti haikwanise kubata matani makumi matanhatu ari mubvunzo nekungofanana nekureruka kwakafanana nema60s, sekureva kwevanoshanda navo kubva kumota mota und sport magazine rori uye bhazi rinotsigira lastauto omnibus.

Maximum torque pa950 rpm

Muchina une matatu turbocharger kubva kuBMW unokwanisa kuwana yakakura torque ye740 Nm pa2000 rpm. Injini yeVolvo FH16 D16 haigoni kana kurota zvekumhanya kwakadaro. A 16,1-litre muchina ane silinda imwe displacement yakaenzana ne2,5-litre bhodhoro redoro neimwe 168 milliliters yebhonasi, inosvika pakakwirira torque ye3550 Nm pa ... 950 rpm. Kwete, hapana kukanganisa, uye chaizvoizvo hapana imwe nzira yekubuda nayo nepiston dhayamita ye144mm uye sitiroko ye165mm. Nguva pfupi injini yeBMW isati yasvika torque yayo, injini yeVolvo D16 inosvika simba rayo guru - chaizvoizvo, inowanikwa muhuwandu kubva 1600 kusvika 1800 rpm.

Nhoroondo yeD16 yakatanga muna 1993, uye pamusoro pemakore makumi maviri nemaviri ekuvapo kwayo, simba rayo rakakura zvakatsiga. Iyo yazvino vhezheni yeD22K ikozvino ine maviri emuchadenga turbocharger muzita rekuzadzikisa iyo Euro 16. emission standard.Tinotenda kwavari uye neyakawedzera jekiseni kumanikidza muiyo pombi-injector system kusvika 6 bar, inokwanisa kuendesa iyo yambotaurwa torque saka kutanga. Muzita rekusanganisa zvirinani peturu nemhepo, majekiseni akawanda anoitwa uye iyo "yekumesa gasi" yekuchenesa system, iyo inosanganisira DPF firita, chinogadzirisa chinogadzirisa uye SCR unit, ine hombe vhoriyamu kupfuura iyo trunk yese yeBMW.

Kutenda kune stock M550d ese-vhiri dhiraivha system, hapana dambudziko kuendesa simba rese kumugwagwa. Kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine mvura, zvigaro zvina hazvibviri kubva paruoko, uye nekuda kweM-settings ye xDrive system, kumwe kutamba nemusana kunobvumirwa. Mikana chaiyo yemotokari inogona kuoneka mukutaura kwakajeka kwekumhanya kusingagumi kwemugwagwa, umo vatyairi vazhinji vanova vekuwedzera. Izvo hazvina basa kuti ndeipi pamagiya masere eiyo otomatiki transmission - pamusoro pe2000 rpm, kana iyo boost system inosvika pakumanikidzwa kwakaringana (3,0 bar max), torque inotyisa inokurova nesimba rayo rese uye iyo M550d inotanga kushandura kufambisa. zvakachena uye nekururama kunoshamisa.

Injini inorema 1325 kg

Volvo FH47 ine 16 HP / l haigone kuenderana nekumhanyisa kumhanyisa kweBMW neiyo 127 hp. / l. Nekudaro, muchina unorema une sarudzo dzakasiyana dzehuwandu hwemaekisi edhiraivha unogadzira kunzwa kwesimba retitanic, kunyanya kana rakaremerwa. Yese faibha iri mumuviri wako inonzwa sekutanga kwe62-tonne shanduko uye itsva I-Shift DC mbiri-clutch kutapurirana, yekutanga yerudzi rwayo patarakita yemugwagwa, nenzira. Kune marori, uye kunyanya iyo FH16, dhizaini yeotomatiki uye mbiri mbiri clutch transmissions yakasiyana uye inosanganisira yakakosha matatu-yekumhanya meshini ine inonzi inonzi range / kupatsanura giya boka, inopa gumi nemaviri magiya. Iwo akamisikidzwa nemazvo makuru uye nekuridza muridzo pfupi wepneumatic system. Huremu hwese hunosundirwa mberi, zvichiita kuti unzwe chimwe chikamu cheNewton's force equation. Haisi kukurumidza, ihuru. Kukwira kwakadzika kana mitoro mikuru - iyo Volvo FH12 inongowedzera mapatya ayo, jekiseni, risati rasvika kumainjini emotokari, rinotanga kudurura mafuta edhiziri (yakanyanya kuyerera ndeye 16 l / 105 km), uye hofori piston inochinja mhasuru dzadzo. . takura mutoro mukuru uyu pamapfudzi ako. Ivo havana rugare, nekuti nekukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, kana ichi chigadziriso chikamiswa, ivo vanofanirwa kubatsira iyo yekare braking system. VEB+ (Volvo Engine Break) tekinoroji inoshandisa kudzora kwevharuvhu kushandisa kudzvanya uye kupera wachi kugadzira 100kW yebraking torque. Kana zvichidikanwa, imwezve retarder inowedzerwa kudzora uremu muequation.

Chinyorwa: mainjiniya Georgy Kolev

BMW N 57S

Iyo BMW yekuchaja system mubatanidzwa pakati pekambani yeBavarian neBorgWarner Turbo System uye haidaidzwe R3S. Mukuita, uku kukwidziridzwa kweR2S turbocharger inoshandiswa nekambani imwechete. Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri ndewekuti yechitatu, zvakare diki, turbocharger inogarwa mubypass exhaust duct inobatanidza diki uye hombe turbocharger. Nayo, sisitimu inova parallel-serial - kubva yechitatu turbocharger pre-chaji mhepo kune iyo hombe. Iyo crankcase yakabatanidzwa nema studs emusoro - iyi dhizaini inowedzera zvakanyanya kusimba kweiyo injini chimiro. Iyo crankshaft uye matanda ekubatanidza anosimbiswa zvakare kuti amire iyo 535d's yakawedzera kushanda kumanikidza kubva pa185 kusvika 200 bar. Iyo yekumanikidza jekiseni remafuta yakawedzerawo kusvika 2200 bar uye yakaomesesa yekutenderera kwemvura system inotonhodza mweya wakamanikidzwa.

Volvo D16K

Injini yeVolvo D16, iyo zvakare inoumba hwaro hwemhuri yePenta yezvigadzirwa zvegungwa, inowanikwa musimba remagetsi e550, 650 uye 750 hp. Iyo yazvino K vhezheni inotsiva iyo VTG inoshanduka geometry turbocharger ine maviri macascade turbocharger. Izvi zvinobvumira kumanikidza kwekuzadza kuti kuwedzere pamusoro peakasiyana siyana masipidhi Simba repakati rinotonhorera rakawedzerwa uye huwandu hwekumanikidza hwaderedzwa. Izvi zvinoderedza kupisa kwetembiricha yemagetsi uye nekubuda kweiyo nitrogen oxides. Kunyangwe iyo Bosch-yakagadziridzwa BMW system yeN57S haigone kukwikwidza neayo 2200 bar uye Volvo ine yayo 2400 bar. Kurema kwakaremara kwechikamu chihombe ichi ndi1325 kg.

DZIDZIDZO DZEMACHEMA BMW M 550d

Muviri

4910-seater sedan, kureba x upamhi x kukwirira 1860 x 1454 x 2968 mm, wheelbase 1970 mm, net uremu 2475 kg, yakazara inobvumidzwa huremu XNUMX kg

Yakazvimirira kumberi uye kumberi kumiswa, MacPherson strut ine miviri inoshuvira mabhonasi, kumashure ane transverse uye longitudinal struts, coaxial coil zvitubu pamusoro pe telescopic shock absorbers, kumberi nekumashure anti-roll mabara, mukati mweya mweya mabhureki mabhureki kumberi / kumberi 245, kumashure 50, kumashure kumashure 19 / 275 R 35

Kutakura simba

Dual gearbox, sere-inomhanya otomatiki kutapurirana

Injini

In-mutsetse nhanhatu-humburumbira dhiziri injini ine matatu turbocharger uye intercoolers, kufambisa 2993 cm³, simba 280 kW (381 hp) pa4000 rpm, maximum torque 740 Nm pa2000 rpm.

Dynamic hunhu

0-100 km / h 4,7 sec

Kunonyanyisa kumhanya 250 km / h

Avhareji peturu yekushandisa (mune AMS bvunzo)

Diesel 11,2 l / 100 km

VOLVO FH16 ZVINONYANYA

Muviri

Volvo Globetrotter XL, yakazara simbi kabhu ine superstructure yesimbi, zvese zvakazara galvanized. Four-piece air suspension. Iyo furemu ine transverse uye longitudinal zvinhu inosungirirwa nemabhaudhi uye rivets. Mberi uye kumashure stabilizers. Mashizha maviri ane parabolic zvitubu pamberi, pneumatic ane mapiro mana kumashure. Diski mabhureki ane magetsi control

Kutakura simba

4 × 2 kana 6 × 4 kana 8 × 6, 12-kumhanya hunyambiri-batira hutachiwana kana otomatiki

Injini

In-mutsara matanhatu-humburumbira dhiziri injini ine maviri turbocharger uye intercooler, unit injector, kusuduruka 16 cc, simba 100 kW (551 hp) pa750 1800 rpm, maximum torque 3550 Nm pa 9500 rpm

Dynamic hunhu

Kunonyanyisa kumhanya 250 km / h

Avhareji yekushandisa mafuta (muLastauto Omnibus bvunzo) 39,0 l

Diesel / 100 km