Injini yekudyiwa kwemhepo: inoshanda sei?

Kukonzera kupisa muinjini yekupisa, zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvinodiwa: mafuta uye oxidizer. Pano tichaisa pfungwa pakutarisa kuti okisijeni inopinda sei muinjini, iyo okisijeni iriko mumhepo.

Muenzaniso wekutora mweya kubva kuinjini yazvino

Kupa mweya: ndeipi nzira iyo iyo oxidizer inotora?

Mhepo yakanangiswa mukamuri yemoto inofanirwa kupfuura nemudunhu, iyo ine zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinojekesa, ngatizvionei izvozvi.

1) Mhepo firita

Chinhu chekutanga icho oxidizer inopinda mujini ndiyo sefa yemhepo. Iyo yekupedzisira ine basa rekutora uye kubata akawanda particles sezvinobvira kuitira kuti arege kukuvadza mukati meinjini (chamber combustion). Nekudaro, kune akati wandei emhepo mafirita marongero / calibers. Izvo zvimedu zvimedu zvemasefa, zvinonyanya kuoma kuti mhepo ipfuure: izvi zvinoderedza zvishoma simba rejini (inozobva yaita kushoma kufema), asi kunatsiridza mhando yemhepo inopinda mukati. injini. (zvishoma parasitic particles). Sezvineiwo, sefa inopfuudza mhepo yakawanda (yakakwirira kuyerera) inovandudza mashandiro asi inobvumira zvimwe zvimedu kupinda.

Inoda kuchinjwa nguva zhinji nekuti inovharirwa.

2) Mhepo yemamita mita

Mune injini dzemazuva ano, sensor iyi inoshandiswa kuratidza mujini ECU huwandu hwemhepo inopinda mujini, pamwe nekupisa kwayo. Nemaparamita aya muhomwe yako, komputa inoziva nzira yekudzora jekiseni uye throttle (peturu) kuitira kuti kupisa kudzorerwe zvakakwana (mhepo / mafuta musanganiswa saturation).

Kana yavharwa, haichatumire iyo chaiyo data kune komputa: kudzima mu dongle.

3) Carburetor (injini yekare peturu)

Injini dzekare peturu (dzisati dzasvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe) dzine carburetor inobatanidza mabasa maviri: kusanganisa mafuta nemhepo uye kugadzirisa mafambiro emhepo kune injini (kumhanyisa). Kuzvigadzirisa dzimwe nguva kunogona kunetesa ... Nhasi, komputa pachayo inodhaya musanganiswa wemhepo / peturu (ndosaka injini yako ikozvino ichichinja kune shanduko yemamiriro emuchadenga: makomo, mapani, nezvimwewo).

4) Turbocharger (sarudzo)

Yakagadzirwa kuti iwedzere kushanda kweinjini nekubvumira mweya wakawanda kuyerera uchipinda muinjini. Pane kuganhurwa nejini yekudyara kwechisikigo (piston kufamba), isu tiri kuwedzera sisitimu inozo "furidza" mweya wakawanda mukati. Nenzira iyi, tinogonawo kuwedzera huwandu hwemafuta uye naizvozvo kupisa (kunyanya kupisa = simba rakawanda). Iyo turbo inoshanda zvakanaka pamarevs akakwira nekuti inofambiswa nemagasi ekupedza (kunyanya kukosha pakakwirira revs). Iyo compressor (supercharger) yakafanana neiyo turbo, kunze kwekuti inofambiswa nesimba reinjini (inongoerekana yatanga kutenderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi inomhanya kare pa rpm: torque iri nani pazasi rpm).

Kune akamira enjini uye akasiyana geometry turbines.

5) Kuchenesa kupisa / intercooler (kusarudza)

Panyaya yeinjini ye turbo, isu tinototonhodza mhepo inopihwa necompressor (saka iyo turbo), nekuti iyo yekupedzisira yaipisa zvishoma panguva yekumanikidza (iyo yakadzvanywa gasi inopisa neyakagadzika). Asi pamusoro pezvose, kutonhora kwemhepo kunokubvumira kuti uise zvakawanda muimba yekupisa (gasi rinotonhora rinotora nzvimbo shoma pane gasi rinopisa). Nokudaro, inopisa kupisa: mweya wakatonhorera unopfuura nepakati pekamuri yakanamatira kune inotonhora compartment (iyo pachayo inotonhodzwa nemhepo yakachena kunze [mhepo / mweya] kana mvura [mhepo / mvura]).

6) Throttle valve (peturu isina carburetor)

Injini dze peturu dzinoshanda nekusanganisa chaiko kwemhepo uye mafuta, saka damper butterfly inodikanwa kudzora mweya unopinda muinjini. Injini yedhiziri inoshanda nemhepo yakawandisa haidi (enjini dzemazuva ano dzedhiziri dzinayo, asi kune zvimwe, zvikonzero zvisingaite).

Kana uchimhanyisa neinjini peturu, ese mweya nemafuta zvinofanirwa kuderedzwa: musanganiswa we stoichiometric ine chiyero che1 / 14.7 (mafuta / mweya). Naizvozvo, pazasi revs, panodiwa hushoma peturu (nekuti isu tinoda kuyerera gasi), tinofanirwa kusefa mweya unouya kuitira kuti pasave neakawandisa. Kune rimwe divi, iwe paunomhanyisa pane dhiziri, iyo chete jekiseni remafuta mumakamuri emoto anochinja (pane turbocharged vhezheni, iyo yekuwedzera zvakare inotanga kutumira mweya wakawanda muma cylinders).

7) kudya kwakawanda

Iyo manifold yekutora ndeimwe yematanho ekupedzisira munzira yemhepo yekupinda. Pano tiri kutaura pamusoro pekugoverwa kwemhepo inopinda imwe neimwe cylinder: nzira yacho inobva yakamurwa kuva nzira dzakawanda (zvichienderana nenhamba yemasilinda mujini). Iyo yekumanikidza uye tembiricha sensor inobvumira komputa kudzora injini zvakanyanya. Manifold pressure yakadzikira peturu ine mutoro wakaderera (throttle haina kuvhurika zvizere, yakashata kukurumidza), nepo padhiziri inogara yakanaka (> 1 bar). Kuti unzwisise, ona rumwe ruzivo mune chinyorwa pazasi.

Pa peturu ine jekiseni risina kunanga, majekiseni anowanikwa pane manifold kuti apise mafuta. Kune zvakare single-point (yekare) uye akawanda-point shanduro: ona pano.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvakabatana nekudyiwa kwakawanda:

• Exhaust Gesi Kuchenesa Valve: Pane enginjini dzemazuva ano pane vharuvhu yeEGR, iyo inobvumira mamwe magasi kuti adzokororwe. kutora zvakawanda kuitira kuti vapfuure mumasirinda zvakare (zvinoderedza kusvibiswa: NOx nekutonhodza kupisa. O oxygen shoma).
• Kufema: Mhute yemafuta inopukunyuka kubva kune crankcase inodzokera kuchiteshi chekudya.

8) Inlet vharafu

Padanho rekupedzisira iri, mweya unopinda muinjini kuburikidza nemusuwo mudiki unonzi vheji yekudyiwa iyo inogara ichivhura nekuvhara (zvinoenderana neane-sitiroko kutenderera).

Calculator inonyonganisa sei nenzira kwayo?

Iyo injini ECU inobvumira kukwenenzvera metering yezvese "zvigadzirwa" nekuda kweruzivo rwunopihwa neakasiyana masensa / probes. Iyo yekuyerera mita inoratidza inouya mhepo yakawanda uye tembiricha yayo. Iyo yekutora manifold pressure sensor inobvumidza iwe kuti uwane iyo yekuwedzera kudzvanywa (turbo) nekugadzirisa iyo yekupedzisira nemarara. Iyo lambda probe mukupedza inoita kuti zvikwanise kuona mhedzisiro yemusanganiswa nekudzidza simba remagasi ekupedza.

Matopiki / Mhando dzeMusangano

Heano mamwe magungano nemafuta (peturu / dhiziri) uye zera (zvimwe kana zvishoma zvekare injini).

Injini yekare musimboti muchadenga à

carburetor

Heino yakanaka yekare yakasikwa peturu injini (80s / 90s). Mhepo inoyerera nepasefa uye musanganiswa wemhepo / mafuta unotakurwa necarburetor.

Injini yekare musimboti turbo à carburetor

injini musimboti yemazuva ano jekiseni remuchadenga zvisina kunanga

Pano carburetor inotsiviwa ne throttle vharuvhu uye majekiseni. Mazuva ano zvinoreva kuti injini inodzorwa nemagetsi. Naizvozvo, kune ma sensors ekuti komputa irambe iri padanho.

injini musimboti yemazuva ano jekiseni remuchadenga nhungamiro

Iyo jekiseni yakanangana apa nekuti majekiseni anotungamirwa akananga mumakamuri emoto.

injini musimboti yazvino turbo jekiseni nhungamiro

Pane yazvino peturu injini

injini dhiziri jekiseni nhungamiro et zvisina kunanga

Mune injini yedhiziri, majekiseni akaiswa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga mukamuri yemoto (zvisina kunangana kune prechamber yakabatana neiyo huru kamuri, asi hapana jekiseni mukamuri, sepeturu ine isina kunanga jekiseni). Ona pano kune dzimwe tsananguro. Pano, dhayagiramu ingangodaro inoreva kune zvekare vhezheni neisina kunangana jekiseni.

injini dhiziri jekiseni nhungamiro

Dizizi dzemazuva ano dzinowanzo jekiseni yakananga uye ma supercharger. Wakawedzera boka rose rezvinhu zvekuchenesa (EGR vharuvhu) uye nemagetsi kudzora injini (komputa nema sensors)

Injini yepeturu: yekudyira vharuvhu

Sezvaungave watoziva kare, kuwanda kwekudya kweinjini yepeturu iri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera kazhinji yenguva, ndiko kuti, kudzvanywa kuri pakati pe0 ne1 bar. 1 bar ndeye (inenge) kudzvanywa kwemuchadenga papasi redu padanho repasi, saka uku ndiko kumanikidza kwatinogara mairi. Uyewo cherechedza kuti hapana kudzvinyirira kwakaipa, chikumbaridzo chiri zero: absolute vacuum. Panyaya yeinjini ye peturu, zvinodikanwa kudzikamisa mhepo inopihwa nekumhanya kwakaderera kuitira kuti oxidizer / mafuta ratio (stoichiometric musanganiswa) ichengetedzwe. Zvisinei, chenjerera, ipapo kumanikidzika kunova kuenzana nekumanikidzwa mumhepo yedu yepasi (1 bar) patinenge takazara zvakakwana (throttle full: throttle open to maximum). Iyo inotopfuura bhawa uye inosvika 2 bar kana paine boost (turbo inofuridza mweya kunze uye pakupedzisira inodzvanya chiteshi chekutora).

Kunyoresa chikoro DZIKI

Pane injini yedhiziri, kumanikidza kunenge kamwe bhawa, nekuti mweya unoyerera sezvaunoda pachipenga. Nokudaro, inofanira kunzwisiswa kuti chiyero chekuyerera chinoshanduka (zvichienderana nekumhanya), asi kudzvinyirira kunoramba kusingachinji.

Kunyoresa chikoro ESSENCE

(Mutoro wakaderera)

Paunomhanyisa zvishoma, muviri wekubara hauzarure zvakanyanya kudzora mweya. Izvi zvinokonzeresa rudzi rwekuputika kwemotokari. Injini inokwevera mumhepo kubva kune rimwe divi (kurudyi), nepo vharuvhu yekudzora ichitadzisa kuyerera (kuruboshwe): mudziyo unogadzirwa panopinda, uye ipapo kumanikidza kuri pakati pe0 ne1 bhawa.

Pamutoro uzere (uzere throttle), iyo vharuvhu yekuvhura inovhura kusvika pakakwirira uye hapana yekuvhara maitiro. Kana paine turbocharging, iko kumanikidza kunotosvika pa2 bar (iyi ingangoita kumanikidza kuri mumatai ako).

Wese makomendi uye maitiro

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Yakatumirwa na (Date: 2021 08:15:07)

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