Jekiseni remafuta muinjini dzepeturu. Zvakanakira, zvisingabatsiri uye zvinogoneka matambudziko

Mhando yejekiseni system inosarudza injini paramita uye mari yekushandisa. Inobata masimba, kushandiswa kwemafuta, kubuda kwemhepo uye mari yekugadzirisa yemotokari.

Nhoroondo yekushandiswa kunoshanda kwejekiseni repeturu muinjini yekupisa yemukati mukutakura inodzokera kunguva isati yasvika Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Kunyange zvakadaro, kubhururuka kwendege kwaive kutsvaga mhinduro nyowani dzinogona kuvandudza kushanda kweinjini uye kukunda matambudziko nesimba munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzendege. Jekiseni remafuta, iro rakatanga kuoneka muinjini yendege yeFrance V8 ya1903, yakaratidza kushanda. Yakanga isiri kusvika 1930 iyo mafuta-yakajairwa Mercedes 1951 SL yakatanga, ichionekwa zvakanyanya seanofanotungamira mumunda. Nekudaro, mune yemitambo vhezheni, yaive mota yekutanga ine yakananga peturu jekiseni.

Jekiseni remafuta emagetsi rakatanga kushandiswa muna 300 muinjini yeChrysler muna 1958. Jekiseni repeturu reMultipoint rakatanga kuoneka pamotokari muma1981, asi rainyanya kushandiswa mumhando dzemhando yepamusoro. Mapombi emagetsi epamusoro-soro akanga atove kushandiswa kuti ave nechokwadi chekumanikidzwa kwakakodzera, asi kutonga kwakanga kuchiri mutoro wemakanika, uyo akangopera mukukanganwa muna 600 nekuguma kwekugadzirwa kweMercedes. Majekiseni majekiseni akanga achiri kudhura uye haana kuchinja kumotokari dzakachipa uye dzakakurumbira. Asi pazvakazofanira mumaXNUMX kuisa macatalytic converters pamota dzese, zvisinei nekirasi yavo, rudzi rwejekiseni rwakachipa rwaifanira kugadzirwa.

Kuvapo kwechigadzirwa kwaida kwakanyatso kudzora kuumbwa kwemusanganiswa kupfuura carburetors yaigona kupa. Saka yakagadzirwa jekiseni rimwechete-poindi, vhezheni shoma ye "multi-point", asi yakakwana kune zvinodiwa nemota dzakachipa. Kubva pakupera kwemakumi mapfumbamwe, yakatanga kunyangarika kubva pamusika, yakatsiviwa neakawanda-point majekiseni, ayo ari iye zvino anonyanya kufarirwa mafuta emagetsi muinjini dzemotokari. Muna 1996, jekiseni remafuta rakananga rakagadzira dhizaini yayo yekutanga paMitsubishi Carisma. Iyo tekinoroji nyowani yaida kuvandudzwa kwakakomba uye pakutanga yakawana vateveri vashoma.

Nekudaro, mukutarisana nekuwedzera kuomarara kwegasi dhizaini, iyo kubva pakutanga yaive nesimba rakasimba pakufambira mberi kwemafuta emotokari masisitimu, vagadziri pakupedzisira vaifanira kutamira kune peturu yakananga jekiseni. Mumhinduro dzichangoburwa, kusvika parizvino vashoma muhuwandu, vanosanganisa marudzi maviri ejekiseni repeturu - indirect multi-point uye yakananga.    

Indirect Single Point Jekiseni

Mune imwechete point jekiseni masisitimu, injini inopihwa simba nejekiseni rimwechete. Iyo inoiswa painopinza yekupinza manifold. Mafuta anopihwa pasi pekumanikidzwa kweanenge 1 bar. Mafuta eatomu anosanganiswa nemhepo pamberi pezviteshi zvematanho zvinoenda kumasilinda ega.

Musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo unoyamwa mumatanho pasina dosing chaiyo yemusanganiswa wecylinder yega yega. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwehurefu hwematanho uye kunaka kwekupedzisa kwavo, simba rekupa kune macylinders harina kuenzana. Asi panewo zvakanakira. Sezvo nzira yemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa kubva kune jekiseni kuenda kukamuri yekupisa yakareba, mafuta anogona kubuda zvakanaka kana injini ichidziya zvakanaka. Mumamiriro okunze anotonhora, mafuta haaputi, bristles inonyunguduka pamadziro emuunganidzi uye zvishoma inopinda mukamuri yekupisa nenzira yemadonhwe. Mune iyi fomu, haigone kupisa zvachose pairi kutenderera kwekushanda, izvo zvinotungamira kune yakaderera injini kushanda muchikamu chekudziya-up.

Mhedzisiro yeizvi ndeyekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta uye yakakwira toxicity yemagasi ekupedza. Single point jekiseni iri nyore uye yakachipa, haidi zvikamu zvakawanda, yakaoma nozzles uye advanced control system. Mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira unokonzeresa mutengo wakaderera wemotokari, uye kugadzirisa nejekiseni rimwe chete kuri nyore. Mhando yejekiseni iyi haishandiswe mumainjini emota dzevafambi. Inogona kuwanikwa chete mumamodeli ane dhizaini yekumashure, kunyangwe ichigadzirwa kunze kweEurope. Mumwe muenzaniso ndeyeIranian Samand.

ropafadzo

- Magadzirirwo ari nyore

- Kuderera kwekugadzira uye kugadzirisa mari

-Kuderera kwehuturu hwemagasi ekupedza kana injini ichipisa

urema

- Yakaderera mafuta dosing kunyatsoita

-Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta

-Kunyanya kuchetura kwemagasi ekupedza muchikamu chekudziya-yejini

-Kusaita zvakanaka maererano nemajini emagetsi

Indirect multipoint jekiseni

Kuwedzerwa kweiyo single-point isina kunanga jekiseni ndeye-multi-point isina kunanga jekiseni ine jekiseni mune yega yega chiteshi. Mafuta anounzwa mushure mekupopota, pamberi pevharuvhu yekupinza.Majekiseni ari pedyo nemasilinda, asi nzira yemusanganiswa yemhepo/mafuta ichiri kureba zvekuti mafuta apfungaire painjini inopisa. Kune rumwe rutivi, chikamu chekupisa chine maitiro mashoma ekumisikidza pamadziro echiteshi chekutora, sezvo chinhambwe chiri pakati penozzle uye silinda ipfupi. Mune akawanda-point masisitimu, mafuta anopiwa pakumanikidzwa kwe2 kusvika ku4 bar.

Injector yakaparadzana yecylinder yega yega inopa vagadziri zvizere mikana mitsva maererano nekuwedzera ejini dynamics, kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye kuderedza kubuda kwemhepo. Pakutanga, hapana masisitimu epamberi ekudzora akashandiswa, uye ese nozzles akayera mafuta panguva imwe chete. Iyi mhinduro yakanga isiri yakakwana, sezvo nguva yejekiseni haina kuitika muhumburumbira yega yega panguva yakanyanya kunaka (payakarovavhavha yakavharwa yekupinda). Kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi chete ndiko kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka masisitimu epamusoro ekudzora, nekuda kwekuti jekiseni rakatanga kushanda nemazvo.

Pakutanga, mabhomba akavhurwa ari maviri maviri, ipapo sequential mafuta jekiseni system yakagadziridzwa, umo muromo wega wega unovhura zvakasiyana, panguva yakakodzera kune yakapihwa silinda. Iyi mhinduro inokubvumira kuti usarudze nenzira kwayo muyero wemafuta kune yega yega sitiroko. A serial multi-point system yakanyanya kuoma kupfuura imwe-point system, inodhura kugadzira uye inodhura kuchengetedza. Nekudaro, zvinokutendera iwe kuti uwedzere zvakanyanya kushanda kweinjini nekushomeka kwemafuta uye kushomeka kwehupfu hwemagasi ekupedza.

ropafadzo

- High mafuta dosing kunyatsoita

-Kushandiswa kwemafuta kwakaderera

- Mikana yakawanda maererano neiyo injini dynamics

- Yakaderera chepfu yemagasi ekupedza

urema

- Yakakosha dhizaini yakaoma

- Zvine mari yakawanda yekugadzira nekugadzirisa

Yakananga jekiseni

Muchigadziro ichi, injector inoiswa muhumburumbira uye inopinza mafuta zvakananga mukamuri rinopisa. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvinobatsira kwazvo, sezvo zvichikutendera iwe kukurumidza kutsiva mafuta-yemhepo kuchaja pamusoro pepiston. Uye zvakare, iyo inotonhora mafuta inotonhorera korona yepiston uye silinda madziro zvakanaka, saka zvinokwanisika kuwedzera iyo compression reshiyo uye kuwana yakakwira injini kunyatsoshanda pasina kutya kugogodza kwakashata.

Injini dzejekiseni dzakagadzirwa kuti dzipise musanganiswa wemhepo / mafuta akaomeswa pamitoro yeinjini yakaderera kuti iwane yakaderera zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta. Zvisinei, zvakazoitika kuti izvi zvinokonzera matambudziko nekuwedzerwa kwenitrogen oxides mumagasi emhepo, kubvisa izvo zvakakosha kuisa zvirongwa zvakakodzera zvekuchenesa. Vagadziri vanorwisa nitrogen oxides munzira mbiri: nekuwedzera kuwedzera uye kuderedza saizi, kana nekuisa yakaoma sisitimu yezvikamu zviviri. Kudzidzira kunoratidzawo kuti nejekiseni rakananga remafuta, chiitiko chisingafadzi chekabhoni deposits mumatanho ekutora emasilinda uye pamatanho evharuvhu ekutora (kuderera kweinjini dynamics, kuwedzera mukushandiswa kwemafuta).

Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ese madoko ekupinza uye mavharuvhu ekudya haana kunyungudutswa nemhepo/mafuta musanganiswa sekunge nejekiseni risina kunanga. Naizvozvo, ivo havana kushambidzwa nemafuta akatsetseka zvidimbu zvinopinda musuction system kubva kune crankcase ventilation system. Tsvina yeoiri inoomesa pasi pesimba retembiricha, zvichiita kuti pave nedhaka rinowedzera gobvu remashanga asingadiwi.

ropafadzo

- Yakanyanya kukwira mafuta dosing kunyatsoita

-Kugona kupisa misanganiswa yakaonda

- Yakanaka kwazvo injini dynamics ine yakaderera mafuta

urema

- Yakanyanya kuoma dhizaini

- Yakanyanya kugadzirwa uye mari yekugadzirisa

- Matambudziko neakawandisa nitrogen oxides mumagasi emhepo

- Carbon deposits mune yekudya system

Dual jekiseni - zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga

Yakasanganiswa jekiseni system dhizaini inotora mukana kune zvese zvisina kunanga uye zvakananga jekiseni. Jekiseni rakananga rinoshanda kana injini ichitonhora. Iyo mafuta-mhepo musanganiswa inoyerera yakananga pamusoro pepiston uye condensation haina kubatanidzwa. Kana injini ichidziya uye ichimhanya pasi pekuremerwa (kumhanyisa kutyaira, kumhanyisa kumhanyisa), jekiseni rakananga rinomira kushanda uye majekiseni mazhinji asina kunanga anotora basa rayo. Mafuta anoputika zviri nani, anodhura zvakanyanya majekiseni ejekiseni haashande uye haaperi, mavharuvhu ekutora anogezwa nemusanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo, saka madhipoziti haaite paari. Pakuremerwa kweinjini (yakasimba kukwirisa, kutyaira nekukurumidza), jekiseni rakananga rinobatidzwa zvakare, iro rinovimbisa kukurumidza kuzadza kwemasilinda.

ropafadzo

-Chaizvo chaizvo mafuta dosage

-Yakakwana yekuendesa injini mumamiriro ese

- Yakanaka kwazvo injini dynamics ine yakaderera mafuta

- Hapana kabhoni deposits mune yekutora system

urema

- Huge dhizaini yakaoma

- Yakanyanya kukwira mari yekugadzira nekugadzirisa