Inlet valve

Muchinyorwa chino tichataura nezve mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupedza, zvisinei, tisati taenda mune zvakadzama, tichaisa zvinhu izvi muchirevo kuti tinzwisise zviri nani. Injini inoda nzira yekugovera iyo yekupinda uye yekupedza magasi, kudzora uye kufambisa iwo kuburikidza neakawanda kusvika kune yakawandisa manifold, kamuri yekupisa uye exhaust akawanda. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nenhevedzano yenzira dzinoumba hurongwa hunonzi kugovera.

Injini inopisa mukati inoda musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo, iyo, kana yapiswa, inotyaira maitiro ejini. Mune manifold, mhepo inosefa uye inotumirwa kune yakawanda yekudyara, uko musanganiswa wemafuta unoyerwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakadai se carburetor kana jekiseni.

Musanganiswa wakapedzwa unopinda mukamuri rinopisa, umo gasi rinopisa uye, nokudaro, rinoshandura simba rinopisa kuita simba remagetsi. Mushure mekunge maitiro apera, zvinodikanwa kuti zvigadzirwa zvinopisa zvibve mukamuri uye zvibvumire kutenderera kudzokorora. Kuti ugadzirise maitiro aya, injini inofanirwa kudzora kupinza uye kupera kwegasi muhumburumbira yega yega, izvi zvinowanikwa nemavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera simba, ayo anozoita basa rekuvhura nekuvhara machaneli panguva yakakodzera.

IJINI CYCLES

Kushanda kweinjini yechina-stroke ine matanho mana:

KUPINDA

Panguva ino, vharuvhu yekupinda inovhura kuti ipinde mhepo kubva kunze, izvo zvinoita kuti piston idonhe, pamwe nekufamba kwetambo yekubatanidza uye crankshaft.

DAMBUDZIKO

Panguva ino, mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera anovharwa. Kana crankshaft ichitenderera, tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye piston inosimuka, izvi zvinobvumira mhepo inopinzwa munhanho yekutora kuti iwedzere kudzvanywa kwayo kakawanda, pakupera kwekumanikidza sitiroko mafuta uye mhepo yakanyanya kudzvanywa inobayiwa.

SIMBA

Pasimba rekurohwa, piston inotanga kudzika sezvo musanganiswa wemhepo / mafuta wakadzvanywa unobatidzwa ne spark plug, zvichikonzera kuputika mukati mekamuri rinopisa.

KUSUNUNGURA

Pakupedzisira, panguva ino, crankshaft inotendeukira kurudyi, nekudaro ichifambisa tsvimbo yekubatanidza kuitira kuti piston idzoke kumusoro apo vheji yemhepo yakazaruka, uye inobvumira magasi anopisa kuti apukunyuke mairi.

CHII CHINONZI INLET UYE ExhaUST mavhavha?

Mavharuvhu ekupinza nekubuda nawo zvinhu zvine basa rekudzora kuyerera kwemvura kana gasi; iyo inoshandiswa mukupinza uye kupera kwejini ina-stroke inowanzogara mavharuvhu.

Ndeipi basa remavharuvhu aya? Mavharuvhu zvikamu zveinjini uye anoita mabasa mana akakosha mukushanda kweinjini:

• Kuvhara zvikamu zvekuyerera.
• Gasi kuchinjanisa kutonga.
• Hermetically sealed masilinda.
• Kuparara kwekupisa kunotorwa kubva pakutsva kwemagasi emhepo, kuchiendesa kune zvigadziro zvechigaro chevhavha uye mazano evhavha. Patembiricha inosvika 800ºC, vharuvhu yega yega inovhura nekuvhara kusvika ka70 pasekondi uye inoshingirira avhareji yemamiriyoni mazana matatu ekuchinja kwekutakura mukati mehupenyu hweinjini.

MABASA

INLET mavhavha

Ivhavha yekutora inoita basa rekubatanidza manifold ekutora kune cylinder zvichienderana nenguva yekugovera. Sezvo mutemo, ivo vanogadzirwa nesimbi imwe chete, simbi ine chromium uye silicon tsvina, iyo inopa kupikisa kwakanaka kupisa uye kushanda. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzesimbi, dzakadai sechigaro, dzinde, uye musoro, dzinowanzoomeswa kuderedza kusakara. Kutonhora kwevhavha iyi kunoitika nekuda kwekusangana kwayo nemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa, iyo inobvisa kutonhora kwayo kusvika pamwero mukuru, sekutonga, pakubata ne stem, uye kupisa kwayo kwekushanda kunosvika 200-300 ° C.

EHAUST VALVES

Ivhavhavha yemhepo inogara ichisangana nemagasi emhepo pakupisa kwakanyanya, saka inofanira kuva yekugadzirwa kwakasimba kudarika mavharuvhu ekupinza.

Kupisa kwakaunganidzwa muvharuvhu kunoburitswa kuburikidza nechigaro chayo ne75%, hazvishamise kuti inosvika tembiricha ye800 ºC. Nekuda kwebasa rayo rakasiyana, vharuvhu iyi inofanirwa kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, musoro wayo nedzinde zvinowanzogadzirwa nechromium uye magnesium alloy simbi, sezvo iine yakanakisa oxidation kuramba uye yakakwirira tembiricha yekudzivirira. Pamusoro pehunde inowanzogadzirwa kubva kusilicon chrome. Nekupisa kwekupisa, maburi ezasi uye matanda akazadzwa nesodium anogadzirwa, sezvo chinyorwa ichi chine basa rekukurumidza kuendesa kupisa kunzvimbo inotonhorera, kuderedza tembiricha yepasi kusvika 100ºС.

TYPE OF VALVES

MONOMETALLIC VALVE

Yakagadzirwa zvine hungwaru nekupisa extrusion kana kutsika.

BIMETALLIC VALVES

Izvi zvinogadzira musanganiswa wakakwana wezvinhu zvinogoneka kune ese stem uye musoro.

HOLOW VALVES

Iyi tekinoroji inoshandiswa kune rumwe rutivi kuderedza uremu, uye kune rumwe rutivi kutonhora. Yakazadzwa nesodium (inonyungudika 97,5ºC), inokwanisa kufambisa kupisa kubva pamusoro wevharuvhu kuenda padzinde kuburikidza neiyo mvura yesodium inobvongodza maitiro, uye kuwana kudzikiswa kwetembiricha ye80º kusvika 150ºC.