Vatasvi vemabhiza eApocalypse - kana kutya?

Chiitiko chinoratidza kuti kurira kwakanyanya kunoderedza kunzwisiswa kwevanhu kuti vawedzere ma alarm. Zvichida izvi zvaizova zvakajairika dai pasina kutya kuti tingasadaira kungwariro chaiyo yenjodzi (1).

Mukati memakumi matanhatu emakore ekubudirira kwebhuku "Silent Spring", munyori Rachel Carson, 1962 uye mashanu kubva pakuburitswa kwayo Chirevo cheClub yeRome, kubvira muna 1972 ("Miganhu Pakukura"), uporofita hwekuparadzwa pamwero mukuru hwava misoro yenguva dzose munhau.

hafu yezana remakore rapfuura yakatiunzira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Nyevero pamusoro pe: kuputika kwechiverengero chavagari vapasi, nzara yenyika yose, denda rehosha, hondo dzemvura, kupera kweoiri, kushomeka kwezvicherwa, mwero yokuberekwa iri kuderera, kunyungudutswa kweozone, kunaya kweasidhi, chando chenyukireya, tsikidzi dzemireniyumu, kupenga. chirwere chemombe, nyuchi -vanouraya, zvirwere zvegomarara reuropi zvinokonzerwa nenharembozha. uye, pakupedzisira, njodzi dzemamiriro okunze.

Kusvika ikozvino, kunyanya kutya kwese uku kwakawedzeredzwa. Chokwadi, takatarisana nezvipingamupinyi, kutyisidzira kuutano hweveruzhinji uye kunyange njodzi huru. Asi Amagedhoni ine ruzha, zvikumbaridzo izvo rudzi rwomunhu rusingagoni kuyambuka, mapfundo anotsoropodza asingagoni kupukunyuka, haazadziki.

MuApocalypse yebhaibheri yekare mune vatasvi vemabhiza vana (2). Ngatiti yavo yemazuva ano vhezheni ina: makemikari zvinhu (DDT, CFC - chlorofluorocarbons, mvura ine acid, chiutsi), kurwara (avian flu, swine flu, SARS, Ebola, chirwere chemombe, munguva pfupi yapfuura Wuhan coronavirus), vanhu vakawedzerwa (kuwandisa kwevanhu, nzara) i kushaya zvekushandisa (mafuta, simbi).

2. "Vana Bhiza reApocalypse" - mufananidzo waViktor Vasnetsov.

Vatasvi vedu vangasanganisirawo zvinhu zvatisingagoni kudzora uye zvatisingagoni kudzivisa kana kuti zvatisingagoni kuzvidzivirira pazviri. Kana, semuenzaniso, mari huru inoburitswa methane kubva methane clathrates pasi pemakungwa, hapana chatinogona kuita nezvazvo, uye mhedzisiro yenjodzi yakadaro yakaoma kufanotaura.

Kurova pasi dutu rezuva pachiyero chenguva chakafanana neicho chinodaidzwa kuti Carrington zviitiko zve1859, munhu anogona neimwe nzira kugadzirira, asi kuparadzwa kwepasirese kwekufambiswa kwenhare uye simba rekuvaka iro riri kuyerera kweropa rebudiriro yedu kungava njodzi yepasi rose.

Zvingatonyanya kuparadza pasi rose kuputika kwe supervolcano kufanana neYellowstone. Nekudaro, zvese izvi zviitiko, izvo zvingangove zvisingazivikanwe parizvino, uye tarisiro yekudzivirira nekudzivirirwa kubva kumhedzisiro haina kujeka. Saka - pamwe zvichadaro, pamwe kwete, kana pamwe isu tichaponesa, kana zvimwe kwete. Iyi equation ine zvinenge zvese zvisingazivikanwe.

Sango riri kufa here? Chokwadi?

3. Kavha yemagazini ya1981 inonzi Der Spiegel pamusoro pemvura ine acid.

Makemikari anogadzirwa nevanhu uye nekuburitswa mumhoteredzo anozivikanwa zvakanyanya, kubva pachigadzirwa chekudzivirira chirimwa DDT, icho chakaonekwa secarcinogen makumi emakore apfuura, kuburikidza nekusvibiswa kwemhepo, mvura yeasidhi, kune ozone-inopedza chlorocarbons. Imwe neimwe yezvinosvibisa izvi yaive ne "apocalyptic" media basa.

Magazini yeLife yakanyora muna Ndira 1970 kuti:

“Masayendisiti ane mashoko akasimba ekuedza uye edzidziso anotsigira kufungidzira kuti mumakore gumi, vagari vomumaguta vachafanira kupfeka masiki egasi kuti vararame. kusvibiswa kwemhepo"Izvowo kusvika 1985"kuderedza kuwanda kwechiedza chezuva pakati penyika.

Zvichakadaro, mumakore akatevera, shanduko dzakaunzwa nechikamu nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana uye pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwakaderedza zvakanyanya kubuda kwemotokari uye kusvibiswa kwechimney, zvichiita kuti kuve nekuvandudzika kukuru kwehutano hwemhepo mumaguta akawanda munyika dzakabudirira mumakumi mashoma emakore anotevera.

Kubuda kwecarbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, lead, ozone uye volatile organic compounds kwadzikira zvakanyanya uye kuri kuramba kuchidonha. Tinogona kutaura kuti kwakanga kusiri kufanotaura kwakanga kusina kururama, asi kuita kwakarurama kworudzi rwomunhu kwazviri. Zvisinei, haasi ese mamiriro erima anokanganisa.

Muma80s, ivo vakava tsime reimwe fungu rekufanotaura kweapocalyptic. acid mvura. Muchiitiko ichi, kunyanya masango nemadziva aifanira kunge akatambura nekuita kwevanhu.

MunaNovember 1981, chivharo che "Sango Riri Kufa" (3) chakaonekwa mumagazini yeGermany Der Spiegel, iyo yakaratidza kuti chikamu chetatu chemasango muGermany akanga atofa kana kufa, uye. Bernhard Ulrich, muongorori wevhu paYunivhesiti yeGöttingen, akati masango "haagoni kuponeswa." Akaparadzira fungidziro yekufa kwesango kubva kukudengenyeka kweasidhi muEurope yose. Fred Pierce muNew Scientist, 1982. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinogona kuonekwa muzvinyorwa zveU.S.

Zvisinei, muUnited States, ongororo yakatsigirwa nehurumende yemakore gumi yakaitwa, ichibatanidza masayendisiti anenge 500 uye ichidya mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana mashanu emadhora. Muna 1990, vakaratidza kuti "hapana humbowo hwehuwandu kana husina kujairika kuderedzwa kwekuvharwa kwemasango muUnited States neCanada nekuda kwekunaya kweasidhi."

In germany Heinrich Spieker, mutungamiriri weInstitute for Forest Growth, akaita zvidzidzo zvakafanana uye akagumisa kuti masango ari kukura nokukurumidza uye ane utano kupfuura kare, uye mumakore ekuma80 mamiriro avo ezvinhu akavandudzika.

Mutauri akadaro.

Zvakaonekwawo kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba asidhi mvura, nitric oxide, inoputsika muzvisikwa kuita nitrate, fetireza yemiti. Zvakaonekwawo kuti kuita acidification mumadhamu kungangove kwakakonzerwa nekusimazve masango kwete kunaya kweasidhi. Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti kuwirirana pakati pemvura inonaya acidity nepH mumadhamu kwakadzikira.

Zvino mutasvi weApocalypse akadonha pabhiza rake.

4. Kuchinja kwechimiro chegomba re ozone mumakore achangopfuura

Tsuro Mapofu eAl Gore

Mushure mekunge masayendisiti aita zvinyorwa mu90s kwechinguva kuwedzera kwegomba re ozone Hwamanda dzekuparadzwa dzakarira pamusoro peAntarctica zvakare, panguva ino nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemwaranzi yeultraviolet inodzivirira ozone.

Vanhu vakatanga kuona kuwedzera kunofungidzirwa kwechiitiko che melanoma muvanhu uye kutsakatika kwematatya. Al Gore yakanyora muna 1992 nezvesalmon netsuro dzisingaoni, uye New York Times yakashuma nezvemakwai anorwara muPatagonia. Mhosva yakaiswa pama<em>chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) anoshandiswa mufiriji nezvinonhuhwirira.

Mishumo mizhinji, sezvazvakazoitika gare gare, yakanga isiriyo. Matatya akanga achifa nehosha dzinopfuudzwa nevanhu. Makwai aive nemavhairasi. Kufa kwe melanoma hakuna kunyatsochinja, uye kana iri mapofu esalmon netsuro, hapana ati anzwa nezvavo zvakare.

Pakanga pane chibvumirano chepasi rose chekubvisa kushandiswa kweCFCs panosvika 1996. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakaoma kuona zvaitarisirwa nokuti gomba rakamira kukura kurambidzwa kusati kwatanga kushanda, uye ndokuchinja pasinei nokuti chii chakatangwa.

Gomba re ozone rinoramba richikura pamusoro peAntarctica muchirimo chega chega, pamwero wakafanana gore negore. Hapana anoziva chikonzero nei. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti kuparara kwemakemikari anokuvadza kunongotora nguva yakareba kupfuura yaitarisirwa, nepo vamwe vachidavira kuti honzeri yenyongano yacho yose yakatanga kuzivikanwa zvisizvo.

Maronda haasiwo zvaanga ari

Zvakare hutachiona Haaratidziki somutasvi webhiza anotyisa kudaro nhasi sezvaaiita kare apo, somuenzaniso, Black Death (5) yakagura nhamba yavagari veEurope nehafu muzana muzana ramakore rechi 100 uye ingadai yakauraya vanopfuura mamiriyoni XNUMX. munhu pasi rose. Nepo fungidziro dzedu dzakazadzwa nehutsinye hwakaipisisa hwemazana emakore apfuura, zvirwere zvemazuva ano zviri kutaura, "zvisina mavambo" denda rekare kana korera.

5. Chinyorwa chechirungu kubva muna 1340 chinoratidza kupiswa kwembatya mushure mevakaurayiwa neBlack Death.

AIDS, yakambonzi "denda rezana remakore rechiXNUMX", uyezve zana remakore rechiXNUMX, pasinei nekunyanya kubudiswa kwenhau, harina ngozi kuvanhu sezvazvaimboita. 

Muma80, mombe dzeBritain dzakatanga kufa kubva chirwere chemombe chinopengazvinokonzerwa nechirwere chinotapukira chiri mukudya kubva kumasara edzimwe mhou. Sezvo vanhu vakatanga kubata chirwere ichi, kufanotaura nezvehukuru hwedenda kwakakurumidza kuve kwakashata.

Maererano neimwe ongororo, vanhu vanosvika 136 vaitarisirwa kufa. vanhu. Pathologists akanyevera kuti maBritish "anofanira kugadzirira zvichida zviuru, makumi ezviuru, mazana ezviuru zvezviitiko zvevCJD (itsva. Chirwere cheCreutzfeldt-Jakob, kana kuratidzwa kwevanhu kwehosha yemombe inopenga). Zvisinei, nhamba yose yevakafa muUK panguva ino ndeye ... zana nemakumi manomwe nenhanhatu, izvo zvishanu zvakaitika muna 2011, uye kare muna 2012 hapana akanyoreswa.

Muna 2003 yave nguva SARS, hutachiona hwekatsi dzekumba hwakakonzera kugariswa kwevanhu muBeijing neToronto pakati pechiporofita cheAmagedhoni yepasi rose. SARS yakaenda pamudyandigere mukati megore, ikauraya vanhu mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe neina (zvakakonzera zviri pamutemo nhamba imwechete yerufu mumakore gumi ekutanga aFebruary 774 - ingangoita mwedzi miviri mushure menyaya dzekutanga).

Muna 2005 yakatanga furuu yeshiri. Kufembera kuri pamutemo kweWorld Health Organisation panguva iyoyo kwakafungidzira kufa kubva pamamirioni maviri kusvika ku2. Pakupera kwa7,4, apo chirwere ichi chakatanga kudzikira, nhamba yevakafa yaive yasvika mazana maviri.

Muna 2009 izvo zvinonzi mexican swine flu. Mukuru weWorld Health Organisation, Margaret Chan akati: "Vanhu vese vari panjodzi yedenda." Denda iri rakazova nyaya yakajairika yefuruu.

Wuhan coronavirus inotaridzika kuva ine ngozi (tiri kunyora izvi muna Kukadzi 2020), asi harisati riri denda. Hapana kana chimwe chezvirwere izvi chingaenzaniswa nefuruwenza, iyo makore zana apfuura, nerubatsiro rwechimwe chezvirwere zvacho, yakauraya upenyu hwezvimwe vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 100 munyika yose mumakore maviri. Uye ichiri kuuraya. Maererano nesangano reAmerican Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - inenge 300 kusvika 600 zviuru. munhu munyika gore negore.

Saka, hosha dzinotapukira dzinozivikanwa dzatinobata “nenguva dzose” dzinouraya vanhu vakawanda kupfuura denda re“apocalyptic”.

Kana vanhu vakawandisa kana zviwanikwa zvishoma

Makumi emakore apfuura, kuwandisa kwevanhu uye nzara yakaguma yakonzerwa nokupera kwezviwanikwa zvakanga zviri pahurongwa hwezviono zvakasviba zveramangwana. Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakaitika mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura izvo zvinopesana nekufanotaura kwevatema. Kufa kwevanhu kwadzikira uye nzvimbo dzevane nzara pasi rose dzadzikira.

Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwakadzikira nepakati, zvimwewo nekuti vana pavanorega kufa, vanhu vanorega kuva nevakawanda vavo. Mukati mehafu yezana remakore rapfuura, kugadzirwa kwezvokudya pasi rose pamunhu mumwe nomumwe kwakawedzera kunyange sezvo chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakawedzera nekaviri.

Varimi vakabudirira zvikuru mukuwedzera kurimwa zvokuti mitengo yezvokudya yakaderera zvikuru pakutanga kwemireniyumu itsva, uye masango murutivi rukuru rweWestern Europe neNorth America akadzorerwa. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti mutemo wekuchinja zvimwe zviyo zvenyika kuva mafuta edzimotokari wakadzora kuderera uku uye wakwidza mitengo zvakare.

Huwandu hwepasi rose hahungaite zvakapetwa kaviri zvakare, nepo hwakapetwa kana muna 2050. Sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu nembeu, fetiraiza, mishonga yezvipembenene, kutakura uye kudiridza zviri nani, nyika inotarisirwa kukwanisa kudyisa vagari ve9 bhiriyoni mugore re7, uye iyi ine ivhu shoma pane inoshandiswa kupa XNUMX bhiriyoni vanhu.

Zvinotyisidzira kupera kwemafuta emafuta (Onawo 🙂 yaipisa musoro sekuwanda kwevanhu makumi emakore apfuura. Maererano navo, mafuta asina kuchena aizopera kwenguva yakareba, uye gasi raizopera uye richikwira mumutengo pamwero unotyisa. Zvichakadaro, muna 2011. , International Energy Agency yakaverenga kuti gasi repasi rose richagara kwemakore 250. Nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzemafuta dziri kukwira, kwete kudonha.Haisi kungowanikwa kweminda mitsva, asiwo nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekuchera gasi, pamwe chete. mafuta kubva shale.

Kwete simba chete, asiwo simbi zviwanikwa vaifanira kunge vakakurumidza kupera. Muna 1970, Harrison Brown, mutezo weNational Academy of Sciences, akafanotaura muScientific American kuti mutobvu, zingi, tini, ndarama, uye sirivha zvaizopera panosvika 1990. Vanyori veClub yeRome yambotaurwa inotengeswa zvikuru The Limits to Growth vakafanotaura kare muna 1992 kupera kwezvinhu zvakakosha, uye zana rinotevera raizounza kuparara kwebudiriro.

Kudzivirirwa kwakanyanya kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokuvadza here?

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze zvakaoma kujoina vatasvi vedu sezvo vari ivo mhedzisiro yezviitwa zvakasiyana siyana zvevanhu nemaitiro. Saka, kana varipo, uye pane kusava nechokwadi pamusoro peizvi, zvino iyi ichava apocalypse pachayo, uye kwete chikonzero chayo.

Asi tinofanira kuva nehanya nokupisa kwepasi here?

Mubvunzo unoramba uri bipolar kune nyanzvi dzakawanda. Chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha zvekutadza kufanotaura kwezvakatipoteredza apocalypses zvenguva yakapfuura ndezvekuti, kunyangwe zvakaoma kutaura kuti hapana chakaitika, mikana isina kunanga uye zvimwe zviitiko zvaiwanzo kusaverengerwa mukufunga.

Mukukakavadzana kwemamiriro ekunze, tinowanzonzwa avo vanotenda kuti njodzi haidzivisiki nemhedzisiro yakazara, uye avo vanotenda kuti kuvhunduka kwese uku manyepo. Vane mwero vane mikana mishoma yekuuya kumberi, kwete nekunyevera kuti ice sheet yeGreenland "yave kuda kunyangarika" asi nekuvayeuchidza kuti haigone kunyungudika nekukurumidza kupfuura mwero wazvino wepasi pe1% muzana.

Ivo zvakare vanopokana kuti kuwedzera kwemvura inonaya (uye carbon dioxide concentrations) inogona kuwedzera goho rekurima, kuti ecosystems yakambomira yakangoerekana yachinja tembiricha, uye kuti kujairana nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze zvishoma nezvishoma kungave kwakachipa uye kusakuvadza nharaunda pane kukurumidza uye nechisimba sarudzo yekuenda. kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa.

Tatoona humwe uchapupu hwokuti vanhu vanogona kudzivisa njodzi dzinopisa dzinopisa pasi rose. Muenzaniso wakanaka marariyazvakangofanotaurwa zvakafara zvichawedzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Zvisinei, muzana remakore rechi25, hosha yacho yakanyangarika munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira North America neRussia, pasinei nokupisa kwepasi. Uyezve, mumakore gumi ekutanga ezana rino remakore, nhamba yevakafa kubva mairi yakaderera neXNUMX% inoshamisa. Kunyange zvazvo tembiricha inodziya yakanakira mosquito dzinotakura utachiona, panguva imwe cheteyo, mishonga mitsva yokudzivirira marariya, kunatsiridzwa kweminda, uye kusimukira kwoupfumi kwakaganhurira kupararira kwechirwere chacho.

Kunyanyisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kutowedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Mushure mezvose, kusimudzirwa kwemafuta emagetsi seimwe nzira yemafuta nemarasha kwakakonzera kuparadzwa kwemasango anopisa (6) kurima zvirimwa zvinogoneka zvekugadzira mafuta uye, semhedzisiro, kuburitswa kwekabhoni, kuwedzera panguva imwe chete yemitengo yezvokudya uye. nokudaro ngozi yenzara yenyika yose.

6. Kuona moto musango reAmazon.

Nzvimbo ine ngozi, asi hazvizivikanwe kuti sei, rini uye kupi

Mutasvi chaiye weApocalypse neAmagedhoni anogona kunge ari meteoriteiyo, zvichienderana nekukura kwayo, inogona kutoparadza nyika yedu yose (7).

Hazvinyatsozivikanwi kuti kutyisidzira uku kungangoitika sei, asi takayeuchidzwa nezvazvo muna Kukadzi 2013 neasteroid yakawira muChelyabinsk, Russia. Vanhu vanodarika chiuru vakakuvadzwa. Sezvineiwo, hapana akafa. Uye mupari wemhosva akave angove dombo remamita makumi maviri rakapinda zvisingaonekwe mumhepo yePasi - nekuda kwehukuru hwaro uye chokwadi chekuti raibhururuka kubva kudivi reZuva.

7. Meteorite ine njodzi

Masayendisiti anotenda kuti zvinhu zvinosvika 30 m muhukuru zvinofanirwa kutsva mumhepo. Avo kubva 30 m kusvika 1 km vane njodzi yekuparadzwa pamwero wemo. Kuonekwa kwezvinhu zvakakura pedyo nePasi kunogona kuva nemigumisiro inonzwika pasi rose. Muviri mukuru wemudenga une njodzi werudzi urwu wakawanikwa neNASA muchadenga, Tutatis, unosvika makiromita matanhatu.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti gore roga roga vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vakuru vatsva kubva muboka revanodanwa. pedyo neNyika (). Tiri kutaura nezve asteroids, asteroids uye comets, iyo inotenderera iyo iri pedyo nekutenderera kwePasi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvinhu izvo chikamu chekutenderera chiri pasi pe1,3 AU kubva kuZuva.

Sekureva kweNEO Coordination Center, iri yeEuropean Space Agency, parizvino inozivikanwa nezve 15 zviuru NEO zvinhu. Mazhinji acho maasteroids, asi boka iri rinosanganisira anopfuura zana macomets. Zvinodarika chidimbu chechuru zvinoiswa muboka sezvinhu zvine mukana wekudhumhana neNyika yakakura kudarika zero. IUnited States, European Union nedzimwe nyika dzinoramba dzichitsvaga NEO zvinhu mudenga sechikamu chepurogiramu yenyika yose.

Chokwadika, ichi handicho chega chirongwa chekuongorora kuchengetedzwa kwepasi redu.

Mukati megadziriro yeChirongwa Asteroid Hazard Assessment (CRANE -Asteroid Threat Assessment Project) NASA Inozadzisa Chinangwa supercomputers, kuvashandisa kutevedzera kudhumhana kwezvinhu zvine njodzi nePasi. Yakarurama modhi inobvumidza iwe kufanotaura kuwanda kwekukuvadza kunobvira.

Kukodzera kukuru mukuonekwa kwezvinhu zvine Wide Field Infrared Viewer (WISE) -NASA's Infrared Space Telescope yakatangwa muna Zvita 14, 2009. Mapikicha anodarika mamiriyoni maviri nemazana manomwe akatorwa. Muna Gumiguru 2,7, mushure mekupedza basa guru remishoni, teresikopu yakapera inotonhorera.

Zvisineyi, madetector maviri pamana aya aigona kuramba achishanda uye akashandiswa kuenderera mberi nebasa rakadaidzwa Neowise. Muna 2016 chete, NASA, nerubatsiro rweNEOWISE observatory, yakawana zvinopfuura zana zvitsva zvematombo munzvimbo iri pedyo. Vane gumi vavo vakanzi vaigona kuva nengozi. Chirevo chakaburitswa chakaratidza kuwedzera kusingatsananguriki kusvika panguva ino kwekuita kwecometary.

Sezvo maitiro ekutarisa uye zvishandiso zvinoshanduka, huwandu hweruzivo nezve kutyisidzira huri kuwedzera nekukurumidza. Munguva ichangopfuura, somuenzaniso, vamiririri veInstitute of Astronomy yeCzech Academy of Sciences vakataura kuti asteroids ane simba rinoparadza iro rinotyisidzira nyika yose rinogona kuvanda muTaurid swarm, iyo inogara ichiyambuka mhepo yePasi. Sekureva kwevaCzechs, tinogona kuvatarisira muna 2022, 2025, 2032 kana 2039.

Mukuwirirana nehuzivi hwokuti kudzivirira kwakanakisisa ndiko kurwiswa kweasteroids, iyo ingangove iyo midhiya yakakura uye kutyisidzira kwemabhaisikopo, isu tine nzira inogumbura, kunyangwe ichiri dzidziso. Sezvineiwo pfungwa, asi yakakurukurwa zvakadzama, chinangwa cheNASA cheku "reverse" asteroid inonzi museve ().

Setiraiti yakaenzana nefiriji inofanira kudhumhana nechinhu chisingakuvadzi. Masayendisiti anoda kuona kana izvi zvakakwana kuti achinje nzira yeanopinda zvishoma. Iyi kinetic kuyedza dzimwe nguva inoonekwa sedanho rekutanga mukuvaka nhovo yekudzivirira yePasi.

8. Kuona basa reDART

Mutumbi urikuda kurova nesangano reAmerica uyu unonzi Didymos B uye anoyambuka nzvimbo tandem ne Didymosem A. Maererano nemasayendisiti, zviri nyore kuyera migumisiro yekurohwa kwakarongwa mubhinari system.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti mudziyo uchadhumhana neasteroid nekumhanya kweanopfuura 5 km/s, inova kapfumbamwe kumhanya kwepfuti. Mhedzisiro yacho ichacherechedzwa uye kuyerwa nezviridzwa zviri paNyika. Zviyero zvicharatidza masayendisiti kuti isimba rakadii rekinetic iro mota inofanira kuve nayo kuti ibudirire kushandura nzira yerudzi urwu rwechinhu chemuchadenga.

Muna Mbudzi wapfuura, hurumende yeUS yakaita musangano wepakati-sangano kupindura kune yakafanotaurwa Kukanganisa kwePasi neasteroid yakakura. Muedzo wakaitwa nekubatanidzwa kweNASA. Mamiriro akagadziridzwa aisanganisira zviito zvakatorwa zvine chekuita nekukonana kungangoitika nechinhu chinotangira pahukuru kubva pa100 kusvika 250 m, yakatemwa (zvechokwadi, yepurojekiti chete) musi waGunyana 20, 2020.

Munguva yekurovedza muviri, zvakatemwa kuti asteroid ichapedza rwendo rwayo rwemuchadenga, ichiwira munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia kana padyo nemhenderekedzo yayo muPacific Ocean. Iko mukana wekubviswa kwevanhu vakawanda kubva kuLos Angeles nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza wakatariswa - uye tiri kutaura nezve 13 miriyoni vanhu. Munguva yechiitwa, kwete chete mamodheru ekufanotaura mhedzisiro yenjodzi inotsanangurwa muchidzidzo yakaedzwa, asiwo zano rekugadzirisa kwakasiyana siyana kwerunyerekupe uye ruzivo rwenhema runogona kuve chinhu chakakomba chinokanganisa maonero eruzhinji.

Pakutanga, mukutanga kwe2016, nekuda kwekubatana kweNASA nemamwe masangano eUS uye masangano ane chekuita nenyaya dzekuchengetedza, mushumo wakagadzirwa umo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, tinoverenga:

"Kunyangwe zvisingaite zvakanyanya kuti NEO kukanganisa kunotyisidzira budiriro yevanhu kuchaitika mumazana maviri anotevera, njodzi yekukanganisa madiki inoramba iripo."

Pakutyisidzira kwakawanda, kukasika kuonekwa ndiyo kiyi yekudzivirira, kudzivirira, kana kutoderedza zvinokuvadza. Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekudzivirira kunofambidzana nekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekuona.

Parizvino, huwandu hwehunyanzvi nzvimbo dzekuona pasizvisinei, kuongorora muchadenga kunoratidzikawo kuva kuri madikanwa. Vanobvumira infrared kuongororaizvo zvisingawanzo kuitika kubva mumhepo.

Asteroids, semapuraneti, inotora kupisa kubva kuzuva uye yobva yavhenekera mu infrared. Mwaranzi iyi yaizogadzira mutsauko kuseri kwenzvimbo isina chinhu. Naizvozvo, vazivi venyeredzi vekuEurope kubva kuESA vanoronga, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kutanga sechikamu chemishoni Hourly teresikopu iyo, mumakore 6,5 ekushanda, ichakwanisa kuona 99% yezvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kana zvasangana nePasi. Mudziyo wacho unofanirwa kutenderera kuZuva, pedyo nenyeredzi yedu, pedyo nekutenderera kweVenus. Inowanikwa "kumashure" kuZuva, ichanyoresawo maasteroid ayo atisingakwanisi kuona kubva kuPasi nekuda kwezuva rakasimba - sezvakaitika kune Chelyabinsk meteorite.

NASA nguva pfupi yadarika yakazivisa kuti inoda kuona uye kuratidza ese asteroids ayo anogona kutyisidzira pasi redu. Sekureva kweaimbova mutevedzeri wemukuru weNASA, Laurie Garver, bazi reUS rave nenguva richishanda kuona mitumbi yerudzi urwu pedyo nePasi.

- akati. -

Yambiro yepakutanga yakakoshawo kana tichida kudzivirira kuparadzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuvaka nekuda kwekukanganisa. solar coronal mass ejection (CME). Munguva ichangopfuura, iyi ndiyo imwe yezvinonyanya kutyisidzira nzvimbo.

Zuva rinogara richicherechedzwa nezviverengero zvemuchadenga probes, seNASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) uye Solar neHeliospheric Observatory (SOHO) yeEuropean agency ESA, pamwe nemaprobe eiyo STEREO system. Zuva nezuva vanounganidza anopfuura 3 terabytes yedata. Nyanzvi dzinodziongorora, dzichitaura nezvekutyisidzira kungangoitika kune spacecraft, satellite uye ndege. Aya "anoshuvira mamiriro ekunze" anopihwa munguva chaiyo.

A sisitimu yezviito inopihwa zvakare kana paine mukana weCME yakakura, inoisa njodzi yebudiriro kuPasi rese. Chiratidzo chepakutanga chinofanira kubvumira kuti zvigadziriswe zvese zvidzimwe uye kumirira kuti dutu remagineti ripere kusvikira dambudziko rakaipisisa rapfuura. Zvechokwadi, hapazovi nekurasikirwa, nokuti mamwe maitiro emagetsi, kusanganisira mapurogiramu emakombiyuta, haazoperi pasina simba. Nekudaro, kuvharwa nenguva kwemidziyo kwaizochengetedza kanenge zvakakosha zvivakwa.

Cosmic kutyisidzira - asteroids, kometi uye jets emagetsi anoparadza - pasina mubvunzo ane apocalyptic kugona. Zvakaomawo kuramba kuti zviitiko izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi, sezvo zvakaitika kare, uye kwete zvachose. Zvinonakidza, zvisinei, kuti haisi imwe yenyaya dzinofarirwa nevaridzi. Kunze, zvichida, vaparidzi vezuva redoomsday muzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana.