VAZ

Zviri mukati MuvambiEmblemNhoroondo yemhando yemotokari mumamodheru. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakakura kugadzira mota muRussia neEurope. Nhasi bhizinesi rinodzorwa neRenault-Nissan uye Rostec. Munguva yekuvapo kwekambani, motokari dzinenge mamiriyoni makumi matatu dzakaungana, uye nhamba yemhando inenge makumi mashanu. Kuvandudzwa uye kusunungurwa kwemhando dzemotokari itsva chave chiri chiitiko chikuru munhoroondo yekugadzira motokari. Muvambi Munguva dzeSoviet, pakanga pasina mota dzakawanda mumigwagwa. Pakati pavo paiva Pobeda uye Moskvich, izvo kwete mhuri dzose vaigona kutenga. Zvechokwadi, kugadzirwa kwakadaro kwaidiwa kwaigona kupa huwandu hunodiwa hwekutakura. Izvi zvakaita kuti vatungamiriri vebato reSoviet vafunge nezvekugadzira hofori itsva yeindasitiri yemotokari. 20 July 1966 Utungamiri hweUSSR hwakasarudza kuti zvaive zvakafanira kuvaka chirimwa chemotokari muTolyatti. Zuva iri rakava zuva rekutanga kwemumwe wevatungamiriri veRussia mota indasitiri. Kuti mota yemotokari ioneke nekukurumidza uye itange kushanda nemazvo, hutungamiriri hwenyika hwakafunga kuti zvaive zvakakodzera kukwezva nyanzvi dzekunze. Iyo yekuItaly mota mhando FIAT, iyo inozivikanwa muEurope, yakasarudzwa semuongorori. Saka, muna 1966 kunetseka uku kwakabudisa FIAT 124, iyo yakagamuchira musoro we "Car of the Year". Iyo mhando yemotokari yakava hwaro, iyo yakazoita yekutanga mota dzepamba. Chiyero chekuvakwa kweKomsomol kwechirimwa chaive chikuru. Kuvakwa kwechirimwa kwakatanga muna 1967. Zvishandiso zveiyo hofori yeindasitiri nyowani yakagadzirwa nevashandi ve844 mabhizinesi eUSSR uye 900 ekunze. Kuvakwa kwemotokari yemotokari kwakapedzwa munguva yerekodhi - makore 3,5 panzvimbo yemakore matanhatu. Mu 1970 chirimwa chemotokari chakabudisa 6 motokari - VAZ 2101 Zhiguli. Emblem Chiratidzo cheLada chakachinja nekufamba kwenguva. Yekutanga inozivikanwa shanduro yakaonekwa muna 1970. Chiratidzo chacho chaiva rook, iyo yakanyorwa setsamba "B", iyo yaireva "VAZ". Tsamba yacho yaive iri mupentagoni dzvuku. Munyori wechiratidzo ichi aiva Alexander Dekalenkov, uyo akashanda semuvaki wemuviri. Gare gare. muna 1974, pentagon yakava quadrilateral, uye tsvuku yaro yakanyangarika., yakatsiviwa nedema. Nhasi, chiratidzo chinoratidzika seizvi: mune ovhari pabhuruu (bhuruu) kumashure kune chikepe chesirivha muchimiro chemavara echinyakare "B", akagadzirwa nesirivheri furemu. Iyi logo yakagadziriswa kubvira 2002. Nhoroondo yemhando yemotokari mumhando Saka, motokari yekutanga munhoroondo yemutungamiri weSoviet plant yaiva motokari yeZhiguli VAZ-2101, iyo yakagamuchirawo zita rokuti "Kopeyka" pakati pevanhu. Dhizaini yemotokari yakanga yakafanana neFIAT-124. Chinhu chakasarudzika chemotokari yaive iyo ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwemumba. Maererano nenyanzvi, yakanga ine misiyano ye800 kubva kune imwe nyika yemuenzaniso. Yakanga yakashongedzerwa nemadhiramu, kucheneswa kwevhu kwakawedzerwa, zvikamu zvakadai semuviri uye kumiswa zvakasimbiswa. Izvi zvakabvumira motokari kuti ienderane nemamiriro emugwagwa uye kuchinja kwekushisa. Motokari yakanga ine injini ye carburetor, ine sarudzo mbiri dzesimba: 64 uye 69 horsepower. Kukurumidza iyo muenzaniso uyu inogona kukura kusvika 142 uye 148 km / h, ichikurumidza kusvika kune zana makiromita mumasekonzi asingasviki makumi maviri. Chokwadi, motokari yaida kuvandudzwa. Iyi motokari yakaratidza kutanga kweClassic series. Kuburitswa kwayo kwakaenderera kusvika 1988. Pakazara, munhoroondo yekuburitswa kwemota iyi, anenge 5 miriyoni sedan mukugadziriswa kwese kwakatenderedzwa kubva pamutsetse wegungano. Yechipiri motokari - VAZ-2101 - yakaonekwa muna 1972. Yakanga iri yemazuva ano kopi yeVAZ-2101, asi kumashure-vhiri drive. Mukuwedzera, trunk yemotokari yave yakawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, pamusika pamusika pane imwe simba VAZ-2103 modhi, iyo yakanga yatotengeswa kunze uye yainzi Lada 1500. Motokari iyi yakanga ine injini ye 1,5 litres, simba rayo raiva 77 horsepower. Motokari yakakwanisa kukurumidza kusvika 152 km / h, uye yakasvika 100 km / h mukati memasekondi gumi nematanhatu. Izvi zvakaita kuti motokari ikwikwidze pamusika wekunze. Huru yemotokari yakanga yakashongedzwa nepurasitiki, uye kudzivirira ruzha kwakatangwawo. Mumakore gumi nemaviri ekugadzirwa kweVAZ-12, mugadziri akabudisa motokari dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 2103. Kubva ku1976 Togliatti Automobile Plant yakabudisa mhando itsva - VAZ-2106. anonzi "nhanhatu". Motokari iyi yakave yakakurumbira panguva yayo. Injini yemotokari yaiva 1,6-litita, simba raiva 75 horsepower. motokari yakagadzira kumhanya kusvika ku152 km / h. "Nhanhatu" yakagamuchira hutsva hwekunze, kusanganisira zviratidzo zvekutendeuka, pamwe chete negrill yemhepo. Chinhu chemuenzaniso uyu kwaiva kuvapo kwechidhiraivho-chakaiswa mhepo yekuwachisa, pamwe nearamu. Paive zvakare neakaderera brake fluid level indicator, pamwe nedashboard lighting rheostat. Mukugadzirisa kunotevera kwe "nhanhatu", pakanga patova neredhiyo, mwenje wemhute, uye heater yehwindo rekumashure. Inotevera yakakurumbira motokari yakabudiswa neTogliatti chirimwa yaiva VAZ-2121 kana Niva SUV. Iyo modhi yaive yese-vhiri dhiraivha, ine 1,6-lita injini, pamwe nechasi yefuremu. Gearbox remota rave four-speed. Motokari yakava kunze kwenyika. 50 muzana yezvikamu zvakagadzirwa zvakatengeswa pamusika wekunze. Mu 1978 muBrno pashoo yepasi rose, iyi modhi yakaonekwa seyakanyanya kunaka. Mukuwedzera, iyo VAZ-2121 yakaburitswa mune yakakosha vhezheni ine 1,3-litita injini, uye yekurudyi-dhiraivha yekuburitsa vhezheni yakaonekwa zvakare. 1979 kusvika 2010 "AvtoVAZ" yakabudisa VAZ-2105. Motokari yakava mutsivi weVAZ-2101. Kubva pamuenzaniso mutsva, VAZ-2107 uye VAZ-2104 ichabva yasunungurwa. Motokari yekupedzisira kubva kumhuri yeClassic yakabudiswa muna 1984. Vakava VAZ-2107. Kusiyana kubva kuVAZ-2105 kwaiva mwenje, itsva-mhando mabumpers, grill yemhepo uye hood. Mukuwedzera, zvigaro zvemotokari zvave zvakanyanyisa. Mota iyi yaive ine dashboard yakagadziridzwa, pamwe nemhepo inotonhora inodzikisira. Kubva ku1984 yakatanga VAZ-210 "Samara", iyo yaiva hatchback yemasuo matatu. Iyo modhi yaive nechina-cylinder injini mune matatu vhoriyamu sarudzo - 1,1. .3 uye 1,5, inogona kuva jekiseni kana carburetor. mota yaive yekumberi. Kugadziriswa kwemuenzaniso wekare kwaiva VAZ-2109 Sputnik, iyo yakagamuchira magonhi mashanu. Iri zvakare mota yekumberi vhiri. Iwo maviri ekupedzisira mamodheru akatsungirira nemamiriro akashata emugwagwa. Muenzaniso wekupedzisira wenguva yeSoviet waiva VAZ-21099, iyo yaiva sedan yemasuo mana. Muna 1995 AvtoVAZ yakaburitsa yazvino post-Soviet modhi - VAZ-2110, kana "gumi". Motokari yakanga iri muzvirongwa kubvira 1989, asi munguva dzakaoma dzedambudziko, zvakanga zvisingabviri kuisunungura. Motokari yakanga ine injini mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana: 8-valve 1,5-litre ine 79 horsepower kana 16-valve 1,6-litre ine 92 horsepower. Mota iyi yaive yemhuri yekwaSamara. Kusvika pakuburitswa kweLADA Priora, mazhinji akaiswazve "makumi" nemitumbi yakasiyana-siyana akagadzirwa: hatchback, coupe uye chiteshi chengoro. Muna 2007, chirimwa chemotokari chakabudisa VAZ-2115, iyo yaiva sedan yemasuo mana. Iyi ndiyo VAZ-21099 inogamuchira, asi yakatove yakashongedzerwa nemuparadzi, imwe bhureki mwenje. Mukuwedzera, mabumpers akapendwa kuti aenderane neruvara rwemotokari, pakanga pane zvikumbaridzo zvakagadziridzwa, taillights itsva. Pakutanga, motokari yakanga ine carburetor injini ye 1,5 uye 1,6 litita. Mu 2000 mota yacho yakashongedzerwa zvakare ine simba remagetsi rine jekiseni remafuta rakagoverwa. Mu 1998 akatanga kugadzirwa minivans kugadzirwa mudzimba - VAZ-2120. Iyo modhi yaive nepuratifomu yakarebesa uye yaityaira mavhiri ese. Zvisinei, muchina wakadaro wakanga usiri mukudiwa uye kugadzirwa kwawo kwakaguma. Muna 1999, muenzaniso unotevera wakaonekwa - "Lada-Kalina", iyo yakagadzirwa kubva muna 1993. Pakutanga, kutanga kwakaitika nemuviri wehatchback, ipapo sedan uye ngoro yechiteshi zvakasunungurwa. Chizvarwa chinotevera chemotokari "Lada Kalina" chakagadzirwa kubva munaJuly 2007. Zvino Kalina akanga akashongedzerwa injini 1,4-litre pamwe 16 mavharuvhu. MunaSeptember, motokari yakagamuchira ASB system. Motokari yaigara ichichinjwa. Kubva ku2008 75 muzana yezvikamu zveAvtoVAZ zvakava zveRenault-Nissan Corporation. Kwapera gore, fekitari yemotokari yakasangana nematambudziko makuru emari, kugadzirwa kwakaderedzwa ne2 nguva. 25 bhiriyoni rubles akagoverwa serutsigiro rwenyika, uye mhando yemhando yeTogliatti bhizinesi yakabatanidzwa muchirongwa chehurumende chekutsigira mitengo yechikwereti chemotokari. Renault panguva iyoyo akapa kubudisa Lada, Renault uye Nissan motokari pahwaro bhizimisi. Nechekare muna Zvita 2012, mubatanidzwa pakati peRenault nesangano rehurumende Rostec rakagadzirwa, iro rakatanga kuve neanopfuura 76 muzana yezvikamu zveAvtoVAZ. Chivabvu 2011 yakaratidzwa nekuburitswa kwebhajeti yemotokari LADA Granta, yaive yakavakirwa pamotokari yeKalina. Kubva ku2013 akatanga kuvandudzwa nemuviri wekusimudza. Motokari yakanga yakashongedzerwa injini ye peturu ine distributive mafuta jekiseni, iyo inosvika 1,6 malita. Iyo modhi inoratidzwa mumatatu masimba akasiyana: 87, 98, 106 bhiza. Mota yakagashira gearbox otomatiki. Muenzaniso unotevera ndiLada Largus. Iyo mota inogadzirwa mumatatu matatu: cargo van, station wagon uye wagon ine yakawedzera kugona. Nzira mbiri dzekupedzisira dzinogona kuva 5 kana 7-seater. Nhasi, Lada lineup ine mhuri shanu: Largus station wagon, Kalina liftback uye sedan, uye matatu kana mashanu-masuo 4x4 modhi. Michina yese inoenderana neEuropean environment standards.