Nguva dzose-mavhiri dhiraivha, i.e. tarisiro ye4 × 4 drive masisitimu

Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, iyo 20 × 4 drive yakaita basa rakakura. Akatama kubva kumaSUV kuenda kumota dzinotakura vanhu. Verenga gwara redu kune ese ari maviri axle drive masisitimu.

Mavhiri mana-mavhiri, akapfupikiswa se 4 × 4, anobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nemotokari dzekunze. Basa rayo nderekuvandudza traction, nezvimwe. kunze kwenzira ushingi, i.e. kukwanisa kukunda zvipingamupinyi. Iyo 4x4 drive inoita basa rakafanana mumotokari yakajairika kana SUV. Asi munyaya iyi, hatisi kutaura pamusoro pekugona kuyambuka-nyika zviri nani, asi pamusoro pekuderedza mukana wekusvetuka, i.e. zvakare nezve kuvandudza nzira yekubata.

Onawo: Mhando dze4 × 4 discs - mufananidzo

Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pasi peboka rekuti "drive 4 × 4" kune marudzi akawanda ekugadzirisa uye maitiro.

-Iyo 4 × 4 dhiraivha inoshanda zvakasiyana mumotokari yakasarudzika-mumugwagwa, mota isiri-mumugwagwa, uye yakajairwa mota yevafambi, anotsanangura Tomasz Budny, anoda mota dzisiri-mumugwagwa uye maitiro ekunze.

Kuwedzera kukurumbira kwemhinduro iyi mumotokari dzevafambi kunonyanya kufambiswa nemhando mbiri: Subaru neAudi. Kunyanya mune yekupedzisira kesi, zita rekuti quattro, mhinduro yemuridzi kubva kumugadziri weGerman, yakazviratidza zvakanaka.

- Iyo quattro drive ikozvino iAudi brand. Zvichienderana nemuenzaniso, mhinduro dzakasiyana dzetekinoroji dzinoshandiswa. Parizvino, imwe neimwe yechina Audi inotengeswa mu quattro version, anodaro Dr. Grzegorz Laskowski, mukuru wekudzidzisa kuKulczyk Tradex, uyo ari mumiriri wePoland weAudi.

Pluggable drive

A XNUMX-axle drive system inyaya yechokwadi mumotokari dziri kunze kwemugwagwa. Mazhinji emota idzi ane axiliary drive. Ekisero imwe chete (kazhinji yekumashure) ndiyo inotyairwa nguva dzese, uye mutyairi anosarudza kana obatidza drive kune ekisero yekumberi kana zvichidikanwa.

Kusvikira munguva ichangopfuura, dzinenge dzose SUVs aiva maviri kudzora levers mu kabhini - imwe ine giya bhokisi, imwe ine pakati musiyano, basa ndere kubatanidza motokari kune imwe axle. MumaSUV emazuva ano, lever iyi yakatorwa nedikidiki, mapfundo kana mabhatani anomutsa 4 × 4 drive nemagetsi.

Onawo: Turbo mumotokari - simba rakawanda, asi dambudziko rakawanda. Guide

Kuti uvandudze traction, yega yega yekuzviremekedza SUV inewo gearbox, i.e. michina inowedzera torque inotumirwa kumavhiri pamutengo wekumhanya.

Chekupedzisira, kune anonyanya kutaurwa maSUVs, mota dzakashongedzerwa nepakati misiyano uye makiyi akasiyana pamaakisi ega ega anoitirwa. Nzira yakadaro inogona kuwanikwa, somuenzaniso, muJeep Wrangler.

- Iyi modhi ine kugona kushandisa matatu emagetsi mashoma anotsvedza akasiyana - kumberi, pakati uye kumashure. Mhinduro iyi inopa mhinduro inokurumidza kuchinja mamiriro ekutyaira uye kutapurirana torque kwakawanda, "anotsanangura kudaro Krzysztof Klos, Chigadzirwa Nyanzvi kuJeep Poland.

Iyo plug-in kumberi-vhiri drive inoshandiswa, kunyanya, muOpel Frontera, Nissan Navara, Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Hilux.

Automatic drive

Pasinei nekushanda kwepamusoro kwekukunda zvipingamupinyi, iyo plug-in drive ine zvimwe zvinogumira. Chokutanga pane zvose, haigoni kushandiswa panzvimbo dzakaoma, kureva, kunze kwemugwagwa. Chechipiri, inorema uye haina kukodzera kumota diki. Vagadziri vaifanira kutsvaga chimwe chinhu.

Mhinduro ndeye multi-plate clutches: viscous, electromechanical kana electromagnetic. Ivo vanotamba chinzvimbo chekusiyanisa yepakati, uye yavo yakajairika chimiro ndeye otomatiki dosing yedhiraivha kune axle irikuda izvozvi. Kazhinji ekisi imwe chete ndiyo inotyairwa, asi kana masensa emagetsi aona kutsvedza paakisi yekutyaira, imwe torque inoendeswa kune imwe axle.

Viscous coupling

Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, iyi yaive yakakurumbira 4x4 system mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu uye mamwe maSUV. Zvakanakira chimiro chakareruka uye mitengo yakaderera yekugadzira.

Onawo: Brake system - nguva yekuchinja mapadhi, madhisiki uye fluid - gwara

Iyo sisitimu ine multi-disc viscous clutch yakazadzwa nemafuta akakora. Basa rayo ndere kuendesa otomatiki torque kune yechipiri axle. Izvi zvinoitika chete kana paine musiyano mukuru mukumhanya kwekutenderera kwemavhiri emberi nekumashure. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zvekugadzirisa iyi ndiyo mukana wekupisa kwekugadzirisa.

Electromechanical clutch

Electronics inoridza violin yekutanga pano. Yakakosha controller inoiswa mudhiraivha system, iro basa ndere kudzora clutch zvichibva pane sensor data inotarisa kufamba kwemota.

Iyi sisitimu inogona kumira mitoro yakakura kwazvo kupfuura yekubatanidza viscous. Fiat uye Suzuki (Fiat Sedici uye Suzuki SX4 modhi) vari kufarira mhinduro iyi.

Electromagnetic clutch

Muchiitiko ichi, iyo yakawanda-dhisiki meshini inoshanda zvinoenderana neiyo electromagnetic musimboti. Inogona kuendesa torque kune axles 50 muzana kusvika 50 muzana. Sisitimu inobatiswa kana paine spidhi musiyano pakati pemavhiri emberi neekumashure.

Muenzaniso weizvi mune yakaoma fomu ndeye BMW xDrive system. Iyo dhiraivha inobatsirwa neESP system uye braking system inogona kukiya musiyano pane ese maekisi.

Iko kusakosha kwezvose zviri zviviri izvi clutches - electromechanical uye electromagnetic - dhizaini yakaoma, iyo inowedzera mutengo wekugadzira uye, nekudaro, mutengo wemotokari. Izvo zvinogara kwenguva refu, asi kana pakaitika kuparara, mari yekugadzirisa yakakosha.

Onawo: xenon kana halogen? Ndeapi mavhenekeri ekusarudza kumotokari - mutungamiri

Pamusoro peBMW, Fiat uye Suzuki, iyo 4 × 4 drive inogovera otomatiki torque pakati peaxles, kusanganisira. B: Honda CR-V, Jeep Compass, Land Rover Freelander, Nissan X-Trail, Opel Antara, Toyota RAV4.

Haldex, Thorsen uye 4Matic

Haldex neTorsen masisitimu ndiko kuvandudzwa kweiyo pfungwa yekugovera otomatiki yedhiraivha pakati peaxles.

haldx

Dhizaini iyi yakagadzirwa nekambani yekuSweden Haldex. Kuwedzera kune-multi-plate clutch, yakakura hydraulic system inoshandiswa kuendesa simba pakati peaxles. Kubatsira kweiyi mhinduro ndeye mukana wekudyidzana kwayo nejini iri mhiri. Mukuwedzera, ine huremu hushoma, asi yakaoma kugadzirisa.

Haldex ndiyo Volvo neVolkswagen's favourite all-wheel drive system.

torsos

Iyi mhando ye4 × 4 dhiraivha yakavakirwa pagiya bhokisi rine matatu maviri ehonye magiya, ayo anogovera otomatiki torque pakati peaxles. Mukutyaira kwakajairika, dhiraivha inotamirwa kumaekisi muchikamu che50/50 muzana. Muchiitiko che skid, michina inogona kuendesa kusvika ku90% ye torque kune axle iyo skid isingaiti.

Thorsen inzira inoshanda zvakanaka, asi zvakare ine zvinokanganisa. Chikuru ndicho chimiro chakaoma uye mutengo wakanyanya wekugadzira. Ndokusaka Torsen inogona kuwanikwa mumhando yepamusoro mota, kusanganisira. muAlfa Romeo, Audi kana Subaru.

Onawo: Clutch - sei kudzivirira kupfeka nguva isati yakwana? Guide

Nenzira, izwi rokuti Torsen rinofanira kujekeswa. Kusiyana nezvinotendwa nevakawanda, hazvibvi pazita, asi chidimbu chezvikamu zvekutanga zvemazwi maviri echiRungu: Torque uye Sensing.

Zvakare zvakakosha kutaurwa ndeye 4Matic sisitimu inoshandiswa naMercedes, inoshandisa matatu akasiyana. Permanent drive pama axles ese ari kugoverwa muchikamu che40 percent. mberi, 60 muzana shure.

Sezvineiwo, nyaya ine musiyano wekiya yakagadziriswa. Muchirongwa ichi, basa rekiyi rinopihwa mabhureki. Kana rimwe remavhiri richitanga kutsvedza, rinobva rabvongodzwa kwechinguva uye torque yakawanda inotamiswa kumavhiri nekubatirira kuri nani. Zvese zvinodzorwa nemagetsi.

Kubatsira kwe4Matic system ndeyehuremu hwayo hwakaderera, sezvo vagadziri vakakwanisa kubvisa akawanda emakanika zvikamu. Zvisinei, kukanganisa ndiyo mutengo wakakwirira. Mercedes inoshandisa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, iyo 4Matic system. mukirasi C, E, S, R uye SUVs (kirasi M, GLK, GL).

Wojciech Frölichowski