Anobatsira patrol ngarava Médoc nePomerol

Imwe bhomba yekuGermany inoinyudza neOF Médoc precision torpedo (yakanyorwa zvisirizvo pano nedivi rinomaka Pomerol). Painting naAdam Werka.

France yakasiya kurwa kwakatanga musi waMay 10, 1940, mazuva makumi mana nematatu chete mushure mekurwisa kweGerman. Munguva yeBlitzkrieg, iyo yakaunza kubudirira kukuru kuuto reGermany, Benito Mussolini, mutungamiri wefascist movement muItaly, akasarudza kujoina kuguma kwenyika yake.

neGermany, ichizivisa hondo kune Allies. Iyi "lousy bulldog," sekudanwa kwazvakaitwa naAdolf Hitler Winston Churchill mukutsamwa kukuru, yaiziva kuti kuitira kutarisana nedutu reAxis uye kuve nemukana wekukunda kwekupedzisira, Britain yaisazorasikirwa nemukana wayo mugungwa. MaBritish akaramba ari ega bastion yakatsunga kuramba mhirizhonga yeGerman, iine panguva iyi chete vakavimbika vanobatana: maCzech, maNorwegians nePoles. Chitsuwa chakatanga kuronga dziviriro panyika uye kusimbisa mauto ayo emugungwa muEnglish Channel nerutivi rwezasi rweNorth Sea. Hazvishamisi kuti British Admiralty yakasarudza nekukasira kubata uye kupedzisa ngarava imwe neimwe yakakodzera kushanda sechikepe chehondo uye yakashongedzerwa nepfuti nepfuti dzinorwisa ndege (zvino zvinonzi anti-aircraft pfuti), "yakagadzirira" kurwisa chero simba rinopinda nechisimba. .

Panguva yekukanda mapfumo pasi kweFrance muzviteshi zvekumaodzanyemba kweEngland - muPlymouth uye chikamu cheDevonport, Southampton, Dartmouth nePortsmouth - pakanga pane zvikepe zveFrance zve200 zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kubva kuzvikepe zvehondo kusvika kune zvikepe zviduku uye zviduku zvekubatsira. Vakasvika kune rumwe rutivi rweChirungu Channel nekuda kwekubviswa kwezviteshi zvekuchamhembe zveFrance pakati pekupera kwaMay na20 June. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kubva muzviuru zvevafambisi vezvikepe, vazhinji vevakuru vakuru, vasina kutumwa basa nevafambisi vezvikepe vakatsigira hurumende yeVichy (2/3 yenyika yaive pasi pehutongi hweGerman) inotungamirwa neMutevedzeri weMutungamiriri wePierre Laval, vasingadi kutora chikamu. mamwe mabasa emugungwa pamwe chete neRoyal Navy.

Musi waChikunguru 1, General de Gaulle akagadza Vadmus mutungamiriri wemauto ehondo eFree French. Émile Muselier, anotarisira mirairo yeuto rengarava pasi pemureza we tricolor uye Muchinjikwa weLorraine.

Zvinoitika kuti pakupera kwaJune, murairo weFrance waifunga nezvepfungwa yekuendesa ngarava kuNorth Africa. KuBritain, chisarudzo chakadaro chakanga chisingagamuchiriki, sezvo pakanga pane ngozi huru yokuti zvimwe zvezvikepe izvi zvingakurumidza kuva pasi poudzori hweGermany. Apo kuedza kwese kwekunyengetedza kwakakundikana, usiku hwaJuly 2-3, mauto ane zvombo evafambisi vezvikepe nemauto eumambo akabata zvikepe zveFrance nechisimba. Zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zveFrance, pavashandi vengarava zviuru gumi neshanu, vakuru makumi maviri chete nevakuru vasina kutumwa mazana mashanu nevafambisi vengarava vakazivisa kutsigira kwavo Muselier. Vafambisi vezvikepe vaya vaitsigira hurumende yeVichy vakavharirwa vachibva vadzoserwa kuFrance.

Munhamburiko yokudzivisa Germany kutora zvimwe zvikepe zvose zveFrance, Churchill akaraira kusungwa kana kuti, kana akakundikana kuvabata, kunyura kwengarava dzeMarine dzakanga dzakamira zvishoma muFrench neFrench African ports. Chikwata cheFrance muAlexandria chakazvipira kuBritish, uye kutadza kwemauto akasara eRoyal Navy 3-8 Chikunguru 1940 akarwisa.

uye akaparadza zvishoma zvikepe zveFrance paMers-el-Kebir pedyo neOran; incl. chikepe chehondo cheBrittany chakanyura uye mamwe mayuniti akati wandei akakuvadzwa. Muzviito zvese zvakapesana neRoyal Navy, 1297 vafambisi vezvikepe veFrance vakafira panzvimbo iyi yeAlgeria, vangangoita mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu vakakuvara.

Pasinei nekuti ngarava huru yeFrance yakasungirirwa muzviteshi zvechirungu, kutaura chokwadi ukoshi hwayo hwekurwa hwakazove husina basa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwevashandi uye kusanyanya kukosha kuumbwa. Mhinduro chete yakanga iri yekuendesa chikamu chemauto emugungwa kune mauto akabatana. Chikumbiro chakadaro chakagamuchirwa, kusanganisira Netherlands, Norway nePoland. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, zvakarongwa kuti zviendese kuUK iyo yazvino mureza weFrench squadron - yehondo "Paris". Kunyangwe zvaiita sekuti nyaya iyi yaizogumiswa, iyo, yaigonawo kusimudza mukurumbira weWWI, pakupedzisira, Naval Command (KMV) yakatenda kuti, kuwedzera kune propaganda dimension.

Mari yenguva yemberi yekushandisa yengarava yehondo isingachashandi yakaramba ichishanda kubva 1914 ichapa mhosva zvikepe zvidiki zvePoland kumutengo wakakura. Pamusoro pezvo, pakumhanya kwakaderera (21 knots), pakanga paine mukana wakakura wekuinyudza nengarava yepasi pemvura. Pakanga pasinawo vatariri vakakwana uye vasina kutumwa (muzhizha ra1940, PMW muGreat Britain yaive nevakuru gumi nerimwe uye 11 vasina-kutumwa vatungamiriri nevafambisi vezvikepe) vanokwanisa kuzadza simbi - yemamiriro ePoland - colossus ine yakazara displacement pamusoro pe1397 matani, ayo akashandira vanhu vangangoita 25.

Rear Admiral Jerzy Svirsky, mukuru weKMW muLondon, mushure mekurasikirwa nemuparadzi ORP Grom musi waMay 4, 1940 muRombakkenfjord pedyo neNarvik, akanyorera chikepe chitsva kuBritish Admiralty. Admiral Sir Dudley Pound, First Sea Lord uye Commander-in-Chief weRoyal Navy kubva 1939-1943, vachipindura mibvunzo kubva kumukuru weKMW, vakanyora mutsamba yemusi wa14 Chikunguru 1940:

Mudiwa admiral,

Ndinonzwisisa kuti unoda sei kuita munhu muparadzi mutsva nevanhu vako, asi sezvaunoziva, tiri kuita zvatinogona kuti tiwane vaparadzi vakawanda mubasa sezvinobvira.

Sezvawakanyatsocherechedza, ndinotya kuti panguva ino hazvibviri kugovera muparadzi mubasa revashandi vatsva.

Naizvozvo, ndine hanya kuti hatigone kuendesa kwauri [muparadzi - M.B.] "Galant" nekuda kwezvikonzero zviri pamusoro. Kana ari [muparadzi weFrance - M. B.] Le Triomphante, haasati agadzirira kuenda kugungwa uye parizvino arikutarisirwa semumiriri wemumiriri wekumashure achiraira vaparadzi. Zvisinei, ndinoda kupa zano kuti varume vauinavo vanokwanisa kufambiswa nengarava yeFrance Hurricane uye ngarava dzeFrance Pomerol neMedoc, pamwe chete nevadzingi vepasi pegungwa veCh 11 neCh 15. Dai izvi zvaiva zvakadaro kwamuri. , zvaizosimbisa zvikuru masimba edu mumvura yegungwa munguva ino yokutanga, iyo inokosha zvikuru kwatiri. Isu tiri kufunga nezve mukana wekuendesa chikepe cheFrance cheParis kwauri, kana pasina zvinopesana, izvo zvandisingazive nezvazvo.

Handizivi kana iwe uchiziva kuti munyaya yezvikepe zveFrance zvinotungamirirwa neBritish vashandi, zvakasarudzwa kuti zvikepe izvi zvinofanira kufamba pasi pemureza weBritish neFrance, uye kana isu varume chikepe cheFrance chine vashandi vePoland, vaviri. Mireza yePolish neFrench yaizoda kupepereswa . .

Ndingatenda kana iwe ukandizivisa kana uchikwanisa kufambisa zvikepe zvataurwa pamusoro apa nevashandi vako uye kana uchibvuma kuti mureza wenyika unofanirwa kubhururuka sepamusoro.