Unoziva here kuti zvipfupiso izvi zvinorevei?

Mota dzemazuvano dzakangomisikidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemasisitimu, iro basa rekutanga nderekuwedzera kuchengetedzeka uye kunyaradza kwekutyaira. Iwo ekupedzisira anoratidzwa nemavara mashoma mapfupiso ayo anowanzoreva zvishoma kune vakajairwa vashandisi vemotokari. Muchikamu chino, tichaedza kwete chete kutsanangura zvazvinoreva, asiwo kutsanangura musimboti wekushanda uye nzvimbo mumotokari dzinopiwa nevanonyanya kuzivikanwa vanogadzira motokari.

Zvakajairika, asi vanozivikanwa here?

Imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anozivikanwa masisitimu anokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwekutyaira ndeye anti-lock brake system, i.e. ABS (eng. Anti-lock braking system). Nheyo yekushanda kwayo inobva pakutonga kwekutenderera kwevhiri, kunoitwa nema sensors. Kana imwe yadzo ikatendeuka zvishoma pane dzimwe, ABS inoderedza simba rekubhureki kudzivirira kudhumhana. Kubva munaChikunguru 2006, mota nyowani dzese dzinotengeswa muEuropean Union, kusanganisira Poland, dzinofanirwa kunge dzakashongedzerwa neABS.

Yakakosha sisitimu yakaiswa pamotokari dzemazuva ano ndiyo tireyi yekutarisa system. TPMS (kubva ku eng. Tire pressure monitoring system). Nheyo yekushanda yakavakirwa pakutarisa kumanikidza kwetai uye kunyevera mutyairi kana yakanyanya kuderera. Izvi zvinoitwa muzviitiko zvakawanda newireless pressure sensors yakaiswa mukati mematairi kana pamavharuvhu, ine yambiro inoratidzwa pane dashboard (yakananga sarudzo). Kune rumwe rutivi, muvhezheni yepakati, kumanikidza kwetai hakuyerwe pane inoenderera, asi kukosha kwayo kunoverengerwa zvichienderana nemapulses kubva kuABS kana ESP masisitimu. Mitemo yeEurope yakaita kuti kumanikidzwa sensors kuve kusungirwa pamotokari dzese nyowani kutanga muna Mbudzi 2014 (yaimbova TPMS yaisungirwa pamotokari dzine matai anomhanya-mhanya).

Imwe yakakurumbira sisitimu inouya yakajairwa pamotokari dzese ndeye Electronic Stability Chirongwa, yakapfupikiswa ESP (jap. Electronic stabilization program). Basa rayo guru nderokuderedza kutsvedza kwemotokari paunenge uchityaira pamakona emigwagwa. Kana masensa achiona mamiriro ezvinhu akadai, iyo yemagetsi system inobhureki vhiri rimwe kana akawanda kuti ichengetedze nzira kwayo. Pamusoro pezvo, ESP inovhiringa kudzora injini nekuona dhigirii rekumhanyisa. Pasi peinozivikanwa chidimbu cheESP, iyo sisitimu inoshandiswa neAudi, Citroen, Fiat, Hyundai, Jeep, Mercedes, Opel (Vauxhall), Peugeot, Renault, Saab, Skoda, Suzuki uye Volkswagen. Pasi peimwe chidimbu - DSC, inogona kuwanikwa muBMW, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, Volvo mota (pasi pechidimbu chakawedzerwa - DSTC). Mamwe mazwi eESP anogona kuwanikwa mumotokari: VSA (inoshandiswa neHonda), VSC (Toyota, Lexus) kana VDC - Subaru, Nissan, Infiniti, Alfa Romeo.

Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa asi zvakakosha

Iye zvino yave nguva yemasisitimu anofanirwa kunge ari mumotokari yako. Mumwe wavo ndiye ASR (kubva kuChirungu Acceleration Slip Regulation), i.e. hurongwa hunodzivirira kutsvedza kwevhiri kana uchitanga. ASR inopesana nekutsvedza kwemavhiri kune iyo drive inofambiswa, uchishandisa yakakosha sensors. Kana iyo yekupedzisira inoona skid (kutsvedza) kwerimwe vhiri, iyo system inoivhara. Kana paine axle skid yese, zvemagetsi zvinoderedza simba reinjini nekudzikisa kukurumidza. Mumhando dzemota dzechinyakare, system yacho inobva paABS, nepo mumamodheru matsva, ESP yatora basa reiyi system. Iyo sisitimu inonyanya kukodzera kutyaira mumamiriro echando uye kune mota dzine simba remagetsi. Inonzi ASR, iyi sisitimu yakaiswa paMercedes, Fiat, Rover uye Volkswagen. SeTCS, tichasangana paFord, Saab, Mazda neChevrolet, TRC paToyota neDSC paBMW.

Yakakosha uye inodiwa sisitimu zvakare ndeye emergency braking rubatsiro system - BAS (kubva kuChirungu Brake Assist System). Inobatsira mutyairi mune traffic mamiriro anoda mhinduro yekukurumidzira. Iyo sisitimu yakabatana kune sensor inosarudza kumhanya kwekutsikirira brake pedal. Muchiitiko chekuitika kamwe kamwe kubva kumutyairi, iyo system inowedzera kudzvanywa mu brake system. Naizvozvo, simba rebhureki rakazara rinosvika nekukurumidza. Mune imwe vhezheni yepamusoro yeBAS system, marambi ehazard anobatidzwawo kana kuti mabhureki mwenje anovheneka kunyevera vamwe vatyairi. Iyi sisitimu ikozvino iri kuwedzera mwero wekuwedzera kune iyo ABS system. BAS yakaiswa pasi pezita iri, kana BA kwenguva pfupi, pamotokari zhinji. Mumotokari dzechiFrench, tinogonawo kuwana chidimbu cheAFU.

A sisitimu inovandudza kuchengetedzeka kwekutyaira, hongu, zvakare hurongwa EBD (Eng. Electronic Brakeforce Distribution), inova bhureki simba rekugovera corrector. Nheyo yekushanda yakavakirwa pane otomatiki optimization ye braking simba remavhiri ega, kuitira kuti mota ichengetedze yakasarudzwa track. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira kana uchidzikira pasi pamakona mumugwagwa. EBD ndeye ABS booster sisitimu iyo muzviitiko zvakawanda yakajairika pamhando dzemota nyowani.

Zvakakodzera kurumbidzwa

Pakati pemasisitimu anovimbisa kuchengetedza kutyaira, isu tinogona zvakare kuwana masisitimu anowedzera kunyaradza kwekufamba. Mumwe wavo ndiye ACC (Chirungu adaptive cruise control), i.e. active cruise control. Iyi ndiyo inozivikanwa cruise control, inowedzerwa neautomatic speed control system zvichienderana nemamiriro emota. Basa rayo rinonyanya kukosha nderokuchengetedza chinhambwe chakachengeteka kubva pamotokari iri pamberi. Mushure mekuseta imwe sipidhi, mota inozvidzika kana paine bhureki zvakare munzira iri mberi, uye inomhanyisa kana yaona nzira yemahara. ACC inozivikanwawo nemamwe mazita. Semuenzaniso, BMW inoshandisa izwi rekuti "active cruise control" ukuwo Mercedes inoshandisa mazita Speedtronic kana Distronic Plus.

Tichitarisa kuburikidza nemaforodha ane mhando nyowani dzemota, isu tinowanzo kuwana chidimbu AFL (Adaptive Forward Lighting). Aya ndiwo anonzi adaptive headlights, ayo akasiyana nemwenje echinyakare mukuti anobvumidza iwe kuvhenekera makona. Basa ravo rinogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri: static uye dynamic. Mumotokari dzine mwenje wemakona anomira, mukuwedzera kune akajairwa mwenje, marambi ebetsero (senge fog lights) anogonawo kubatidzwa. Kusiyana neizvi, mumagadzirirwo emwenje anochinja, mwenje wemwenje unotevera mafambiro evhiri. Adaptive headlight systems anowanzo kuwanikwa mumatrim levels ane bi-xenon headlights.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuterera kune nzira yekunyevera nzira. AFIL systemnekuti iri pamusoro payo, inoyambira kuyambuka nzira yakasarudzwa uchishandisa makamera ari pamberi pemota. Ivo vanotevera gwara retraffic, vachitevera mitsetse yakadhirowewa panzira, kupatsanura nzira dzega. Muchiitiko chekudhumhana pasina chiratidzo chekutendeuka, sisitimu inonyevera mutyairi neruzha kana chiratidzo chechiedza. Iyo AFIL system yakaiswa paCitroen mota.

Zvakare, pasi pezita Lane Kubatsira tinogona kuzviwana muHonda uye mota dzinopihwa neVAG boka (Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft).

Hurongwa hunofanirwa kukurudzirwa, kunyanya kune avo vanowanzo famba nzendo refu, ndeye Yambiro yemutyairi. Iyi isystem inotarisisa kuneta kwemutyairi nekugara ichiongorora kuti gwara rekufamba uye kutsvedzerera kwekufambisa kwevhiri kunochengetwa sei. Kubva pane data yakaunganidzwa, iyo sisitimu inoona maitiro anogona kuratidza kurara kwemutyairi, semuenzaniso, uye obva avanyevera nechiedza uye chiratidzo chinonzwika. Iyo Driver Alert system inoshandiswa muVolkswagen (Passat, Focus), uye pasi pezita rekuti Attention Assist - muMercedes (makirasi E uye S).

Iwo (parizvino) angori magajeti…

Uye pakupedzisira, akati wandei masisitimu anovandudza kuchengetedzeka kwekutyaira, asi ane zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana-siyana - kubva kune tekinoroji kusvika kumutengo, uye saka ivo vanofanirwa kurapwa - kanenge ikozvino - semagajeti anonakidza. Imwe yemachipisi aya BLIS (Chirungu Blind Spot Information System), ane basa rekunyevera pamusoro pekuvapo kwemotokari mune izvo zvinonzi. "Bofu nzvimbo". Nheyo yekushanda kwayo inobva pane imwe seti yemakamera akaiswa mumagirazi emativi uye akabatanidzwa kune chiedza chinonyevera chinonyevera nezvemotokari munzvimbo isina kuvharwa nemagirazi ekunze. Iyo BLIS system yakatanga kuunzwa neVolvo, uye yave kuwanikwa kubva kune vamwe vagadziri - zvakare pasi pezita Kubatsira kwekupedzisira. Iko kusakosha kukuru kwegadziriro iyi mutengo wayo wepamusoro: kana ukasarudza sarudzo, semuenzaniso muVolvo, mari yekuwedzera ndeye approx. zloty.

mhinduro inofadza zvakare. Kuchengeteka kweguta, kureva, otomatiki braking system. Mafungiro ake ndeekudzivirira kudhumhana kana kudzikisa mhedzisiro yavo kusvika kumhanya kwe30 km / h. Inoshanda pahwaro hwemaradhi akaiswa mumotokari. Kana yaona kuti mota irikumberi irikuuya nekukasira, mota inozongotsika mabhureki. Kunyange zvazvo mhinduro iyi inobatsira mumigwagwa yemaguta, chidimbu chayo chikuru ndechekuti inongopa kuchengetedzwa kwakazara nekumhanya kusvika ku15 km / h. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuchinja nekukurumidza sezvo mugadziri anoti iyo inotevera vhezheni ichapa dziviriro mu50-100 km/h yekumhanya renji. Guta Kuchengetedzwa ndiyo mureza pamusoro Volvo XC60 (kutanga kushandiswa ipapo), uyewo S60 uye V60. MuFord, iyi system inodaidzwa kuti Active City Stop uye kana iri Focus inodhura imwe 1,6 zviuru. PLN (inowanikwa chete mune dzakapfuma shanduro dzehardware).

Yakajairika gadget inzira yekuziva traffic traffic. TSR (chirungu traffic sign recognition). Iyi isystem inoziva zvikwangwani zvemumugwagwa uye inozivisa mutyairi nezvayo. Izvi zvinotora nzira yeyambiro uye mameseji anoratidzwa pane dashboard. Iyo TSR system inogona kushanda nenzira mbiri: chete zvichibva pane data rakagamuchirwa kubva kamera yakaiswa pamberi pemota, kana mune yakawedzera fomu nekuenzanisa data kubva kamera uye GPS kufamba. Chinhu chikuru chinodzosera kumashure kweiyo traffic sign recognition system ndeye kusarongeka kwayo. Gadziriro yacho inogona kutsausa mutyairi, somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokutaura kuti zvinobvira kutyaira nokumhanya zvikuru muchikamu chakapiwa kupfuura zvinoratidzirwa nemicherechedzo chaiyoiyo yomumugwagwa. Iyo TSR system inopihwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, muRenault Megane Gradcoupe itsva (yakajairwa pamatanho epamusoro). Inogonawo kuwanikwa mumotokari zhinji dzepamusoro-soro, asi kwainogona kudhura zviuru zvezlotys sechisarudzo.

Yasvika nguva yekupedzisira ye "gadget" masisitimu anotsanangurwa munyaya ino, iyo-ndinofanira kubvuma - ndakanga ndine dambudziko guru kana rasvika pakuriisa muzvikamu maererano nekubatsira. Iri ndiro dhiri NV, zvakare yakapfupikiswa NVA (kubva kuChirungu Night Vision Assist), inonzi night vision system. Inofanirwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kumutyairi kuona mugwagwa, kunyanya husiku kana mamiriro ekunze akaipa. Mhinduro mbiri dzinoshandiswa muNV (NVA) masisitimu, ayo anoshandisa anonzi passive kana anoshanda ekuona husiku zvishandiso. Passive mhinduro dzinoshandisa mwenje wakawedzerwa uripo. Active njanji - yekuwedzera IR illuminators. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, makamera anorekodha mufananidzo. Inobva yaratidzwa pamamonitor ari mu dashboard kana zvakananga pamhepo yemota. Parizvino, masisitimu ekuona kwehusiku anogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakawanda dzepamusoro-soro uye kunyange dzepakati-renji dzinopihwa neMercedes, BMW, Toyota, Lexus, Audi uye Honda. Pasinei nokuti vanoita kuti vawedzere kuchengeteka (kunyanya kana uchityaira kunze kwenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda), drawback yavo huru imutengo wakakwirira kwazvo, somuenzaniso, unofanira kubhadhara mari yakafanana kuti udzorere BMW 7 Series nehurongwa hwekuona usiku. kunge zviuru gumi zł.

Iwe unogona kuziva zvakawanda nezve masisitimu uye masisitimu anoshandiswa mumotokari mune yedu Motor cleaners: https://www.autocentrum.pl/motoslownik/