Viscosity yemafuta einjini yezhizha, chando. Tembiricha tafura.
Oiri yeinjini, sezvamunoziva, inoita basa rakakosha kwazvo muinjini - inozora mativi ekubatana, inovimbisa kusimba kwemasilinda uye inobvisa zvese zvinopisa zvigadzirwa. Ese mafuta emota anogadzirwa ne distillation yeoiri uye kupatsanurwa kweanorema zvikamu kubva pazviri, uye yakapihwa seti yemaitiro ekuita inoiswa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweakasiyana ekuwedzera.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveinjini chero ipi zvayo mafuta ndeye viscosity yayo. Iyo viscosity yeoiri iko kugona kuchengetedza yaunoda zvivakwa mune yakapihwa tembiricha renji, ndiko kuti, kuramba uri pakati pezvikamu zvinosangana uchichengetedza fluidity. Kupisa kwekushisa kunoenderana nerudzi rweinjini uye nemamiriro ekunze ayo inoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, kune nyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya, mafuta ane high viscosity index inodiwa, maererano, ichava yakakura kudarika iyo mafuta anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotonhora.
Nzira yekuziva sei viscosity yemafuta?
Kana wakamboona magaba epurasitiki emafuta anotengeswa pazviteshi zvepeturu uye kunyangwe muzvitoro zvikuru, saka ese ane mazita emhando - 10W-40, 5W-30, 15W-40, uye pamagaba emafuta egiya, nigrol, gearbox mafuta. vakasarudzwa - 80W-90, 75W-80, nezvimwewo. Nhamba idzi nemabhii zvinorevei?
W - izvi zvinobva pashoko rechando - chando, ndiko kuti, marudzi ese emafuta emota ane zita rakadaro akakodzera kushandiswa mumamiriro echando. Ichokwadi, inofanira kujekeswa kuti nguva yechando yakasiyana - muCrimea kana muSochi, tembiricha haiwanzo kuwira kune izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya zvinoitika muNovosibirsk kana Yakutsk.
Ngatitorei mhando yakajairika mumamiriro ekunze edu - 10W-40. Nhamba yegumi inoratidza kuti viscosity yemafuta pane chando cheminus 25 degrees (kuti uwane nhamba iyi, unofanira kubvisa 35 kubva kune gumi) inosvika pakukosha kwayo kana zvichiri kukwanisika kutanga injini yakachengeteka.
Kune zvakare pumpability index, iyo inotaridza tembiricha yemhepo yakaderera apo pombi ichiri kukwanisa kupomba mafuta muhurongwa. Kuti uzive tembiricha iyi, iwe unofanirwa kubvisa makumi mana kubva kune yekutanga digit - ye10W-40 tinowana kukosha kwe minus 30 degrees. Nokudaro, rudzi urwu rwemafuta rwakakodzera kune dzimwe nyika uko kusingambotonhori kupfuura 25-30 degrees pasi pe zero.
Kana tikataura pamusoro pechipiri chechipiri mukumaka - 40 - zvino inosarudza kinematic uye dynamic viscosity pa +100 uye +150 degrees, maererano. Kuwanda kwemafuta ndiko kwakanyanya, iyo yakakura chiratidzo ichi. Oiri 10W-40, zvisinei, sezvimwe zvese, mukududzwa kweiyo tsamba W iripo, ndeyese-mamiriro ekunze uye inoshandiswa paavhareji tembiricha kubva -30 kusvika +40. Kune iyo injini dzakashanda hafu yehupenyu hwavo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mafuta apo iyo viscosity index pakupisa kwakanyanya ndeye 50 - 10W-50 kana 20W-50.
Viscosity tafura.
Kana tikataura nezvemafuta egiya, saka pane yakasarudzika chiyero, iyo yatisingazobata pairi, isu tinongotaura kuti iyo yakaderera nhamba yekutanga mukumaka, tembiricha yakaderera iyo oiri inogona kuchengetedza zvinhu zvayo. Semuenzaniso, 75W-80 kana 75W-90 inogona kushandiswa pakupisa kubva -40 kusvika +35, uye 85W-90 - kubva -15 kusvika +40.
Nzira yekusarudza mafuta ne viscosity?
Paunosarudza mafuta einjini yeimwe modhi, unofanirwa kutarisisa kune akati wandei mazita: mhando yeinjini, mhando yemotokari, viscosity - dizeli / peturu, injector / carburetor, mutyairi / rori, zvichingodaro. Zvose izvi zvinowanzo ratidzwa pane label. Mukuwedzera, kune mafuta anokurudzirwa nemugadziri, usaregeredza aya mazano, sezvo injini yakagadzirirwa imwe nhanho yeviscosity.
Sezvo Russia ine musiyano wakakura kwazvo wetembiricha yemwaka, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza chaizvo iwo mafuta anoenderana nemamiriro ako ekunze. Semuenzaniso, pakupisa kwakadzika, kunyange kana kusina kunyanya kunyanyisa, zvichava nyore kutanga injini kana 5W-30 mafuta yakazadzwa mukati, sezvo inochengetedza maitiro ayo ekushanda pakupisa kusvika -40.
Kana tembiricha yegore negore iri pakati pe -20 kusvika +20, saka haufanirwe kuuya nechimwe chinhu chakakosha uye kushandisa multigrade mafuta 10W-40, 15W-40, zvakanaka, kana 10W-50, 20W-50. yeinjini "dzakaneta".
Kuedzwa kwemamwe mafuta emota uye kuita kwawo.
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