Motokari Emissions uye Mhepo Kusvibiswa

Mamirioni evanhu vekuAmerica vanovimba nemotokari pazvido zvavo zvekufambisa, asi motokari dzinonyanya kubatsira mukusvibiswa kwemhepo. Sezvo ruzivo rwakawanda rwunovepo nezve mhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kwemotokari yevatyairi, matekinoroji ari kuvandudzwa kuti mota nedzimwe mota dzive nehushamwari. Zvinetso zvehutano zvinogona kukonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo zvinogona kunge zvakakomba, saka zvakakosha kutsvaga nzira yekudzivirira zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa.

Nhamburiko dzekugadzira motokari dzinochengetedza zvakatipoteredza dzakawedzera mumakore mashoma apfuura, zvichiita kuti pave nemotokari dzinochengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye matekinoroji emafuta ane mukana wekuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nemotokari. Tekinoroji iyi inosanganisira motokari dzisingadyi mafuta uye dzinoshandisa mafuta mashoma, pamwe nedzimotokari dzinoshandisa mafuta akachena, zvichiita kuti hutsi hushoma. Mota dzemagetsi dzakagadzirwa zvakare dzisingaburitse exhaust emissions.

Pamusoro pehunyanzvi hutsva hunogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, danho rakasimba rakatorwa kumatunhu nemubatanidzwa. Zviyero zvekuburitsa mota zvakagadziridzwa izvo zvakabatsira kudzikisa kusvibiswa kwemotokari nemarori nezvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana kubvira 1998. Iyo US Environmental Protection Agency yakagadzira mwero wekuburitsa mota, uye nyika dzakagadzira yadzo mitemo yekuburitsa mota.

Kana mota dzapfuura bvunzo, dzinopasawo bvunzo dzeemission. Huwandu hwezvinosvibisa zvinoburitswa neimwe mota uye chiyero chainoshandisa mafuta zvinoenderana nezvakawanda. The Environmental Protection Agency yakagadzira mhando dzinofungidzira avhareji yekubuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari. Emission test yakarongwa zvichibva pane fungidziro idzi uye mota dzinofanirwa kupasa bvunzo dzekuburitsa, asi pane zvimwe zvinosiyana pakuyedza. Vatyairi vanofanirwa kujairana nemitemo yekuburitsa mota munyika dzavanogara kuti vaone kuti vanotevedzera. Mechanics kazhinji ane maturusi avanoda kuita emission test.

EPA "Level 3" zviyero

EPA Level 3 zviyero zvinoreva seti yezviyero zvakagamuchirwa muna 2014. Izvo zviyero zvinofanirwa kuitwa muna 2017 uye zvinotarisirwa kutanga nekukurumidza kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunokonzerwa nekubuda kwemotokari. Zviyero zveTier 3 zvichabata vagadziri vemotokari, vanozoda kuvandudza tekinoroji yekudzora emissions, pamwe nemakambani emafuta, anozoda kudzikisa sarufa yemukati peturu, zvichikonzera kupisa kwakachena. Kuitwa kweTier 3 zviyero kuchaderedza zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemotokari uye zvakare kubatsira hutano hweveruzhinji.

Zvikuru zvinosvibisa mweya

Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwemhepo, asi zvimwe zvezvinosvibisa zvikuru zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

Carbon monoxide (CO) igasi risina ruvara, risinganhuhwi, rine muchetura rinogadzirwa panguva yekupiswa kwemafuta.
MaHydrocarbons (HC) zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvinoumba ozone yepasi-pasi muhupo hwechiedza chezuva painopindirana nenitrogen oxides. Ground level ozone chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvesmog.
Particulate matter inosanganisira zvimedu zvesimbi uye soot, izvo zvinopa smog ruvara rwayo. Particulate matter idiki kwazvo uye inogona kupinda mumapapu, ichiisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) zvinosvibisa zvinogona kutsamwisa mapapu uye kutungamirira kuzvirwere zvekufema.
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) inosvibisa inogadzirwa kana mafuta ane sulfuri apiswa. Inogona kuita kana yaburitswa mumhepo, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvakanaka.

Iye zvino masayendisiti ave kuziva zvakawanda nezvekukanganisa kwekubuda kwemotokari panharaunda, basa rinoramba richigadzira matekinoroji ekubatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa. Mitemo nemipimo yakagadzwa pamusoro pokubuda kwemotokari yakatobetsera kuderedza kushatiswa kwemhepo, uye zvakawanda zvichiri kuda kuitwa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve kuburitswa kwemotokari uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo, shanyira mapeji anotevera.