Exhaust system - mudziyo
Mota yakashongedzerwa neinjini yekupisa yemukati inoda sisitimu iyo inoburitsa magasi emhepo. Nzira yakadaro, inonzi exhaust, yakaonekwa panguva imwe chete nekugadzirwa kwejini uye, pamwe chete nayo, yakagadziridzwa uye yakagadziridzwa kwemakore. Chii chinonzi exhaust system yemotokari uye kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvayo chinoshanda sei, tichakuudza munyaya ino.
Mbiru nhatu dze exhaust system
Apo kusanganiswa kwemhepo-mafuta kunopiswa mujini cylinder, gasi rinopera rinoumbwa, iro rinofanira kubviswa kuitira kuti cylinder izadzwe nechiyero chinodiwa chemusanganiswa. Nezvinangwa izvi, mainjiniya emotokari akagadzira exhaust system. Iyo ine zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: exhaust manifold, catalytic converter (converter), muffler. Ngatitarisei chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvegadziriro ino zvakasiyana.
Exhaust system diagram. Muchiitiko ichi, resonator ndeyekuwedzera muffler.
Iyo manifold exhaust yakaonekwa panguva imwe chete neinjini yekupisa yemukati. Iyo injini yekuwedzera inosanganisira akati wandei machubhu anobatanidza kamuri yekupisa yeinjini yega yega silinda kune inoshandura inoshandura. Iyo manifold yekuburitsa inogadzirwa nesimbi (cast iron, Stainless simbi) kana ceramic.
Kusiyana
Sezvo muunganidzi achigara ari pasi pesimba rekushisa kwegasi rinopisa, vateresi vakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa uye simbi isina tsvina inowedzera "kushanda". Muunganidzi wesimbi isina tsvina zvakare anofarira, sezvo condensate inoungana muyuniti panguva yekutonhora mushure mekunge mota yamira. Condensation inogona kukanganisa simbi yakakandwa yakawanda, asi ngura haiitike pasimbi isina tsvina. Kubatsira kweceramic manifold ndiyo huremu hwayo hwakaderera, asi haigone kumira kudziya kwegasi kwakakwira kwenguva yakareba uye kutsemuka.
Hamani anopedza kakawanda
Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo manifold exhaust iri nyore. Exhaust magasi anopfuura nepakati pevharuvhu yekuburitsa kune akawanda eutsi uye kubva ipapo kuenda kune inoshandura inoshandura. Mukuwedzera kune basa guru rekubvisa magasi emhepo, manifold anobatsira kuchenesa makamuri ekupisa ejini uye "kuunganidza" chikamu chitsva chemagetsi emhepo. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumanikidzwa kwegasi mukamuri yekupisa uye yakawanda. Kudzvanywa kuri mune yakawanda kwakadzikira pane mukamuri yekupisa, saka mafungu anoumbwa mumapombi akawanda, ayo, anoratidzwa kubva kune murazvo anosunga (resonator) kana catalytic converter, anodzokera kukamuri yekupisa, uye panguva ino mune inotevera. Exhaust stroke inobatsira kubvisa chikamu chinotevera chemagasi.Kumhanyisa kusikwa kwemasaisai aya kunoenderana nekumhanya kweinjini: kana ikakwira kumhanya, kukurumidza kunoita masaisai "kufamba" achitevedza muunganidzi.
Kubva pakupeta kwakawanda, magasi ekupedza anopinda mushanduri kana catalytic converter. Iyo inoumbwa ne ceramic huchi huchi, pamusoro peiyo pane danda re platinum-iridium alloy.
Schematic ye catalytic converter
Paunosangana neiyi nhurikidzwa, nitrogen uye okisijeni okisijeni inoumbwa kubva kumagasi emhepo semugumisiro wemakemikari ekuderedza reaction, ayo anoshandiswa kunyatsopisa masara emafuta mukubuda. Somugumisiro wekuita kwezvinokonzera reagents, musanganiswa we nitrogen uye carbon dioxide inopinda mupombi yekupedza.
Chekupedzisira, chinhu chechitatu chikuru chemotikari yekuburitsa mhepo ndeye muffler, inova mudziyo wakagadzirirwa kuderedza ruzha kana gasi rinobuda. Iyo, zvakare, inoumbwa nezvikamu zvina: chubhu inobatanidza resonator kana catalyst kune silencer, silencer pachayo, pombi yekupedza uye pombi yekupedza.
Mufudzi
Exhaust magasi akacheneswa kubva kutsvina inokuvadza anobva kune catalyst kuburikidza nepombi kuenda kune muffler. Muviri wemuffler wakagadzirwa nemagiredhi akasiyana esimbi: zvakajairika (hupenyu hwebasa - kusvika kumakore maviri), aluminized (hupenyu hwebasa - makore 2-3) kana simbi isina tsvina (hupenyu hwebasa - 6-10 makore). Iyo ine multi-chamber dhizaini, ine imwe neimwe kamuri yakapihwa nekuvhura iyo kuburikidza neiyo exhaust magasi anopinda mukamuri rinotevera. Kutenda kune iyi kusefa kwakawanda, magasi ekupedza anonyoroveswa, masaisai eruzha emagasi emhepo anodzikiswa. Magasi anobva apinda mupombi yeexhaust. Zvichienderana nesimba reinjini yakaiswa mumotokari, nhamba yepombi dzepombi dzinogona kusiyana kubva kune imwe kusvika kune ina. Chinhu chekupedzisira ndicho chinopedza pombi tip.
Mota dzeTurbocharged dzine zvidhori zvidiki pane zvechisikigo zvinoshuvira. Ichokwadi ndechokuti turbine inoshandisa gasi rinopedza simba kuti rishande, saka mamwe chete anopinda mumagetsi emhepo; saka mamodheru aya ane madiki mufflers.
