Betelgeuse ichaputika here kana kuti kwete?

Pakutanga, kwemwedzi inoverengeka, vazivi venyeredzi vakatarira vachishamiswa sezvo iyi nyeredzi huru inopera. Zvakabva zvaonekwa kuti akabva achinja chimiro (1). Kwave kune fungidziro pamusoro pokuputika kunoshamisa kwesupernova kunobvira, uko, maererano nenguva yeBetelgesian, kungave kwakatoitika, asi nemhaka yedaro hatisati tazviona.

Inopera kubvira 2019, Betelgeuse yakasvika 2020% yekupenya kwayo kwepakutanga mumwedzi yekutanga yemakore makumi matatu nematanhatu. Pamusoro pezvo, mifananidzo inoshamisa kubva kuEuropean Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT) kuCerro Paranal kuChile, yakaburitswa muna Kukadzi, inoratidza kuti dzvuku guru riri kushandurawo chimiro, zvichikonzera shanduko isinganzwisisike mukupenya.

Nei nyeredzi ichichinja kupenya kwayo?

Chikwata chakatungamira Miguel Montages, nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga kuKU Leuven kuBelgium, yakatorwa nyeredzi muna Ndira 2019 isati yaonekwa ichipera muchiedza chinooneka-uye pamusoro payo neiyo VLT inoongorora uye yayo SPHERE spectrographic chiridzwa sekucherechedzwa kwakazoitwa kubva muna Zvita 2019. gore. pakanga paine vanhu vakafanana nemidziyo yakafanana, saka mamiriro acho anenge akanakira kuenzanisa

Vhidhiyo yakagadzirwa kubva pane zvakaonekwa inoratidza shanduko mukupenya pamwe nemaitiro ayo anooneka akashanduka. Saka masayendisiti anonetsekana - chii chiri kuitika?

Montages akataura nezvezvakabuda muongororo iyi. -

Betelgeuse inofungidzirwa kuti iri kure nechiedza-makore 640 (pamwe kana kubvisa 180) uye inyeredzi ine huremu hunosvika ka15-20 pane hweZuva (2). Ihwo huwandu uhu hwakakosha zvikuru kana uchifunga kuti ndeipi nhanho yekushanduka kwenyeredzi chinhu uye chii chingaitika kwachiri nhasi.

2. Kuenzanisa kwehukuru hwenyeredzi dzinozivikanwa

Zvisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa pane mifananidzo inoratidza shanduko muchimiro cheBetelgeuse mifananidzo kubva kune imwe VLT infrared chiridzwa chinonzi VISIR (3). Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvese "itsva" chimiro chinooneka uye kupera kwayo mhedzisiro yekuumbwa kwegore guru reguruva rakatenderedza nyeredzi, iro rinotarisa chimiro chayo uye maonero edu pairi.

3. Mufananidzo wemakore eguruva akatenderedza Betelgeuse kubva kuchiridzwa cheVISIR.

Mifananidzo kubva kuVIZIR yakatorwa neboka rinotungamirirwa na Pierre Kervelli kubva kuParis Observatory muFrance. Makore eguruva anooneka anoumba apo nyeredzi inorasa zvinhu zvayo muchadenga. Vazivi venyeredzi vanonyatsoziva kuti Betelgeuse inorerekera kune izvi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei ichi chiri chikonzero chekudzima kwakaitika kune nyeredzi iyi kare, kunyangwe zvisina kumboitika pachiyero chegore rapfuura.

“Muupenyu hwavo hwose, mhandu dzakatsvuka seBetelgeuse dzakabudisa zvinhu zvakawanda kare kare putika kunge supernovaeakadaro mubhuku resainzi Emily Cannon, muongorori weKU Leuven achishanda pakuongorora kwemifananidzo yakawanikwa kubva pakuona kwerudzi urwu rwenyeredzi vachishandisa SPHERE. "Tekinoroji yemazuva ano yakatibvumira kudzidza zvinhu mazana emakore-yechiedza-makore kure mune zvisati zvamboitika, tichipindura mubvunzo wekuti chii chinokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehuwandu muhupenyu hwenyeredzi."

Ingori huruva here?

Mune imwe ongororo yakabudiswa muThe Astrophysical Journal, chikwata chenyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzekuAmerica chakaramba kuti zvatinoona muchiedza nemufananidzo weBetelgeuse umboo hwekutamiswa kwesupernova. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, fungidziro idzi dzose dzinonakidza uye dzinofadza hazvisi chinhu kunze kweguruva.

Chidzidzo cheUS chakavakirwa pane zvakaonekwa neBetelgeuse muna Kukadzi 2020 muLowell, Arizona (4). Nyanzvi yenyeredzi Philip Messi uye vaaishanda navo "vakadzidzira" data rekuongorora kubva munzvimbo inocherekedza yemunharaunda kuti vadzidze kuverenga chaiko kweavhareji yetembiricha yenyeredzi. Sei? Nokuti kana Betelgeuse yakabuda, pamusoro payo paizotonhora kupfuura nguva dzose.

4. Shanduko mukupenya kweBetelgeuse

Vatsvakurudzi vakashamiswa kuti nzvimbo yacho yaidziya zvikuru kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Kuverenga kwavo kunoratidza kuti avhareji tembiricha yaro yaive 3325°C. Kuenzaniswa nekuverenga kwekare kwakaitwa muna 2004, kureva, nguva refu kusati kwaonekwa kupera, kupesana kwaiva pakati pe50-100 ° C.

Migumisiro iyi inopesana nedzidziso yokuti Betelgeuse yakatanga kudzikira apo gasi rinopisa rakapfuura kubva mukati menyeredzi richienda pamusoro payo, kwaraitonhodzwa. Dai izvi zvaitika, tembiricha yepasi ingadai yakadzikira zvakanyanya panguva yekuyerwa kwazvino. VaAmerica havana kuona izvi uye vanofungidzira kuti chikonzero chekuchinja kwekupenya kwakabatana nekubudiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu kubva kunze kweyeredzi - iyo, sezvatotaurwa, haisi yakajairika kune dzvuku supergiants. Izvo zvinhu zvinotenderera zvakatenderedza nyeredzi seguruva, iyo inotora chimwe chechiedza chayo, ichivanza chinhu kubva kune vanocherekedza Pasi, vaongorori vakadaro.

Hunhambwe hwepedyo hweBetelgeuse kubva kwatiri zvinoreva kuti tinoiona sezvatinofunga kuti yaive…zana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Kana "kumba" yatova supernova, isu tichiri kumirira kuti chiedza chisvike kwatiri. Mune mamwe mazwi, dai Betelgeuse yakaputika mu "nhasi" yedu, vanhu vangadai vasina kuzviona kusvika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Uye chingava chimwe chinhu chedu-mukuru-mukuru-mukuru-chikuru-mazi--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_ sekuru-baba-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazi-mazikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-dzikuru-zvikuru-zvikuru-zvikuru-vazukuru, nokuti kupenya kwechiitiko ichi kunenge kwakaenzana kana kutopfuura izvozvo. izvo mwedzi unotitumira. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwechinhambwe, kwaisazova kuputika kusingazove nengozi kana kuPasi kana kumunhu, i.e. kuti tirarame.

Nekudaro, kubuda kweBetelgeuse se supernova kunogona kuitika mumazana ezviuru zvemakore, izvo mumashoko emucosmic zvinoreva "muchinguva chidiki", asi kwatiri iyi inguva uye isingagumi, remangwana riri kure.

Zvichangobva kuongororwa zvinoratidza kuti nyeredzi iri kuwedzera kupenya kwayo zvakare, iyo isiri yakanaka kufanotaura kune vanoda firework mudenga.

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