WWW ndiyo Balkans yeInternet

The World Wide Web, kana WWW, kubva pakutanga chaingova shanduro yemagetsi yebulletin board, bhuku, pepanhau, magazini, i.e. edition yechinyakare, ine mapeji. Kunzwisisa kweInternet se "dhairekitori remasayiti" kwakatanga kushanduka munguva pfupi yapfuura.

Kubva pakutanga, waida browser kuti uongorore pawebhu. Nhoroondo yezvirongwa izvi yakabatana zvisingaite nenhoroondo yeInternet. MaDinosaurs anorangarira Netscape uye kukwikwidzana kwayo neMicrosoft Internet Explorer, kufarira kwayo Firefox uye kuuya kweGoogle Chrome. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwemakore, manzwiro ehondo dzebrowser akadzikira. Vashandisi venhare zvakanyanya havatomboziva kuti ndeipi browser iri kuvaratidza iyo internet, uye hazvina basa kwavari. Zvinofanira kushanda uye ndizvozvo.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe vasingazive kuti ndeapi mabhurawuza avanoshandisa, ivo vachiri kushandisa application iyo inopa yakawedzera kana kushomeka isina kwayakarerekera Internet. Zvakafanana hazvigone kutaurwa kune akawanda mamwe ma-smartphone app anopa masevhisi avo uye zvirimo "pamusoro" paInternet. Iyo network pano imhando yejira rinobatanidza akasiyana maapplication. Kuzivikanwa kweInternet neWWW directory kwapera.

Kutora nhanho mune ramangwana riri kuitika pamberi pemeso edu, netiweki - umo isu tinofamba kwete chete, asiwo nemuviri, mukati mehomwe yeInternet yezvinhu - isu tinowedzera uye tinowanzo kutaurirana kwete kuburikidza nembeva kufamba, kudzvanya uye kudzvanya pane kiibhodhi, asi izwi, maererano nekufamba uye majeti. Iyo yakanaka yekare WWW haina kunyanya kunyangarika sezvo ichiva chimwe chezvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwedu chaihwo, sevhisi yatinoshandisa mune mamwe mamiriro nemamiriro. Haisisiri yakafanana neInternet sezvainzwisiswa makore gumi nemashanu apfuura.

Kupera kwesarudzo - nguva yekuisa

Kusviba, kana kuti kushatiswa kweWorld Wide Web, kunonyanyobatanidzwa nemaitiro ari kure Kusarerekera paInternet, kunyangwe zvisiri hazvo uye zvisina kufanana. Unogona kufungidzira WWW isina chekuita nekusarerekera, uye isina kwayakarerekera Internet isina WWW. Nhasi, zvese zviri zviviri Google neChina zvinopa vashandisi masevhisi ari mukutonga kwakakwana kweiyo vhezheni yeInternet yavanoti yakazvinakira ivo - ingave iri mhedzisiro yemaitiro algorithm kana ideology yezvematongerwo enyika.

Kukwikwidza browser logos

Iyo Neutral Internet yave kutsanangurwa seyakavhurika cyberpace, mamiriro edhijitari umo pasina anosarudzwa kana kuvharirwa zvekutonga. Mambure echinyakare, chokwadi, akaita izvozvo chaizvo. Mune dzidziso, chero peji inogona kuwanikwa mune yemukati yekutsvaga injini. Ehe, nekuda kwekukwikwidza pakati pemapato uye, semuenzaniso, maalgorithms ekutsvaga akaunzwa neGoogle kune "yakanyanya kukosha" mhedzisiro, iyi dzidziso yakaenzana yave yakasimba ... dzidziso nekufamba kwenguva. Nekudaro, zvakaoma kuramba kuti vashandisi veInternet vaida izvi ivo pachavo, vasingagutsikane nenyonganiso uye zvisina tsarukano yekutsvaga mhinduro mumaturusi ekutanga ekutsvaga pawebhu.

Vatsigiri verusununguko rwepamhepo vakaziva kutyisidzira kwechokwadi kwekusava nekwavakarerekera munzvimbo dzakavharika dzepamhepo dzinotevedzera nharaunda yeruzhinji, senge Facebook. Vazhinji vashandisi vachiri kuona iyi social network senzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera ine yemahara yeruzhinji kuwana kune wese munhu. Chokwadi, kusvika pamwero wakati, mabasa, ngatiti, eruzhinji, anoitwa neFacebook, asi saiti ino yakavharwa zvakajeka uye inodzorwa zvakanyanya. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune vashandisi veFacebook mobile application. Uyezve, iyo yebhuruu application inomhanya pa-smartphone inotanga kuona uye kupesvedzera zvimwe zvehupenyu hweInternet hwemushandisi. Nyika ino haina chekuita nekutsvaga nekusarudza nzvimbo dzatinoda kushanyira, sezvazvaive mune yakanaka yekare WWW. "Iyo" inozvimanikidza, inosundidzira uye inosarudza izvo zvatinoda kuona zvinoenderana nealgorithm.

Internet fencing

Nyanzvi dzave dzichikurudzira pfungwa iyi kwemakore akati wandei ikozvino. Balkanization yeInternet. Izvi zvinowanzotsanangurwa senzira yekudzoreredza miganhu yenyika uye yenyika mumambure epasi rose. Ichi ndicho chimwe chiratidzo chekuderera kweWorld Wide Web sepfungwa yaimbonzwisiswa sepasi rose, supranational uye supranational network inobatanidza vanhu vese pasina zvirambidzo. Panzvimbo peInternet yepasi rose, Indaneti yeGermany, network yeJapan, cyberspace yeChile, nezvimwewo zviri kugadzirwa. Hurumende dzinotsanangura zviito zvekugadzira firewall uye zvipingamupinyi zvemambure nenzira dzakasiyana. Dzimwe nguva tiri kutaura nezvekudzivirira kubva kune espionage, dzimwe nguva nezvemitemo yenzvimbo, dzimwe nguva nezve kurwisa izvo zvinonzi.

Mafirewall anoshandiswa nevakuru veChinese neRussia atove anozivikanwa munyika. Zvakadaro, dzimwe nyika dziri kubatana neavo vakagadzirira kuvaka miganhu nemadhamu. Semuyenzaniso, Germany irikutsvagira hurongwa hwekugadzira network yezvekufambiswa kwemashoko kuEurope iyo inodarika node dzeUS uye kudzivirira kuongororwa neAmerican inozivikanwa. National Security Agency yeSupreme Administrative Court uye muduku wake anozivikanwa Mutevedzeri weBritish - GCHQ. Angela Merkel nguva pfupi yadarika akataura nezve kukosha kwekutaurirana "kunyanya neveEuropean network vanopa masevhisi avo vanozoona kuchengetedzwa kwevagari vedu kuitira kuti maemail nerumwe ruzivo dzisatumirwe mhiri kweAtlantic uye network yekutaurirana inogona kuvakwa." muEurope."

Kune rumwe rutivi, muBrazil, maererano nemashoko achangobva kubudiswa muIEEE Spectrum, mutungamiri wenyika, Dilma Rousseff, anoti anoda kuisa "tambo dzepasi pemvura dzisingapfuuri neUnited States."

Ehe, zvese izvi zvinoitwa pasi pe sirogani yekudzivirira vagari kubva pakuongororwa nemasevhisi eUS. Dambudziko nderekuti kupatsanura yako wega traffic kubva kune yese network haina chekuita neiyo pfungwa yeInternet seyakavhurika, isina kwayakarerekera, yepasirese World Wide Web. Uye sezvinoratidzwa nechiitiko, kunyange kubva kuChina, kuongorora, kutonga uye kudziviswa kwekusununguka nguva dzose kunofambidzana ne "fencing" yeInternet.

Kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi: muvambi weInternet Archive - Brewster Kahle, baba veInternet - Vint Cerf uye mugadziri wetiweki - Tim Berners-Lee.

Vanhu vari kushandiswa

Tim Berners-Lee, muvambi webasa rewebhu uye mumwe wevatsigiri vakasimba vekusarerekera uye kuvhurika, akataura mubvunzurudzo yevatori venhau munaNovember wapfuura kuti munhu anogona kunzwa "isingafadzi" mamiriro paInternet. Mune maonero ake, izvi zvinotyisidzira network yepasi rose, pamwe nekutengeserana uye kuedza kusarerekera. mafashamo emashoko enhema uye propaganda.

Berners-Lee anopomera zvishoma mapuratifomu makuru edhijitari seGoogle neFacebook nekuparadzira disinformation. Iwo ane nzira dzekugovera zvemukati uye kushambadza nenzira yekukwezva kutarisisa kwevashandisi.

 inokwevera kutarisa kwemusiki wesaiti.

Iyi sisitimu haina chekuita netsika, chokwadi kana democracy. Kutarisisa kutarisisa inyanzvi pachayo, uye kushanda kwayo pachayo kunova iyo inonyanya kutariswa, iyo inodudzira kuita mari kana yakavanzika zvinangwa zvezvematongerwo enyika. Ndosaka vanhu vekuRussia vakatenga ads akanangana nevavhoti vekuAmerica paFacebook, Google ne Twitter. Sezvo makambani ekuongorora akazotaura gare gare, incl. Cambridge Analytica, mamiriyoni evanhu anogona kushandiswa nenzira iyi "maitiro microtargeting".

 Berners-Lee akayeuka. Mune maonero ake, izvi hazvisisiri izvo, nokuti pane imwe nhanho kune vanhu vane simba vanodzora kupinda kwemahara kunetiweki nenzira dzakawanda uye panguva imwe chete kutyisidzira kutsva.