Mutauro Zvidzidzo, kana "Wieheister" naMichal Rusinek.

Michal Rusinek haamboregi kundishamisa. Kuenderera mberi kumabhuku ake anotevedzana evana, umo anobata nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chekuita nemutauro, handikwanise kupfuura nebasa rakakura kwazvo raaifanira kuita kutsvaga nekudzidza mazwi ese aanokurukura nekuwongorora kubva pamaonero akasiyana. Uyezve, kuverenga kwakanaka kwazvo!

Eva Sverzhevska

Kutuka uye matunhu

Mubhuku "Kutukana. Gwaro revana(Znak Publishing House, 2008) munyori ane hungwaru uye anonakidza akabata nekutukwa kunoshandiswa nevana, kumunhu wese - vaverengi vechidiki nevakuru. Kutanga, akaaunganidza kubva kuvaverengi, uye achibva paari akagadzira bhuku renhetembo.

Mumwe anosvika pabhuku rinonzi "Kubva kuMi'kmaq kuenda kuZazuli…(Imba inodhinda Bezdroża, 2020). Michal Rusinek, nechishuwo chake chenguva dzose, asi panguva imwe chete, kuseka, anoona zvakasiyana-siyana zvematunhu uye anoedza kuzvitsanangura nerubatsiro rwenhetembo pfupi uye tsanangudzo.

Rhetoric uye nhoroondo

Position"Uri kutaura nezvei?! Mashiripiti emashoko kana rhetoric yevana", yakagadzirwa nekubatana naDr hab. Aneta Zalazinska anobva kuJagiellonian University anodzidzisa vaverengi vadiki nzira yekunyengetedza vatauri vavo kana nzira yekukunda kutya kwedariro uye kushushikana kwekutaura paruzhinji.

Mubhuku rake razvino,Wihajster, gwara kune loanwords"(yakaburitswa muZnak, 2020) munyori anongorova muverengi mudiki (asi mukuru zvakanyanya) nemuenzaniso wemazwi ataka"bata" kubva kune mimwe mitauro.

- Ndinofunga kuti havasi vana chete vanofanira kuziva kuti mazwi atinoshandisa anobva kupi. Ndinoziva izvi kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri, nokuti kushanda paWieheister kwakandidzidzisa zvakawanda. Nekutarisa mutauro, tinowana mufananidzo wakajeka wetsika dzedu nebudiriro yaunomiririra,” anodaro Michal Rusinek. - Tichitarisa zvakadzama munhoroondo yemashoko, tinotarisawo munhoroondo yePoland, iyo yaimbova yemarudzi akawanda uye yemarudzi akawanda. Uye aive nekudyidzana kwakasiyana nedzimwe tsika: dzimwe nguva mhirizhonga, dzimwe nguva yekushambadzira, dzimwe nguva kungova muvakidzani, anotsanangura. - Tinogona zvakare kutora mhedziso nezve kwakabva budiriro, tsika uye chikafu. Uku kungava kutanga kwekurukurirano inofadza.

Pamwe chete sechikwata

Wieheister nderimwe remabhuku aya anoratidza pakatarisa kuti hazvitore nguva chete kushanda pazviri, asi zvinodawo tsvakurudzo yakawanda, uye kunyange kubatanidzwa kwevamwe vanhu vanonyanya kugadzirisa nyaya iripo.

- Pakunyora bhuku iri, ndakabvunza Prof. Isabela Winiarska-Gorska, munyori wenhoroondo dzemutauro akanaka kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWarsaw, anoudza munyori. “Sechikumbiro changu, akagadzira masirogani anotsanangura kwakabva mazwi kubva mumadingindira akasiyana-siyana achiripo mumutauro uye nemazita zvinhu zvinogona kusangana nevana vemazuvano,” anotsanangura kudaro. - Takataura zvakawanda nezvazvo, purofesa akaongorora etymology mune zvakawanda zvinyorwa. Basa racho rakatora mwedzi yakawanda. Tisingatauri nezvemifananidzo. Hanzvadzi yangu Joanna Rusinek aive nerimwe basa rakaoma: iro rinosetsa, iro rinokosha mumabhuku evana, riri mubhuku rino mumifananidzo chete. Nekuti zvinyorwa zvacho zvine masirogani chete," anowedzera Rusinek.

Mapassword

Kutendeseka, pano ini handibvumirane nemunyori. Hongu, mifananidzo inoita basa rakakosha muWieheister - inosekesa, inokwezva uye inobata ziso, asi kune zvakare kuseka kwakawanda mukutsanangurwa kupfupi, mukusarudzwa kwemasirogani, uye mukubatanidza kune mamwe madhipatimendi. Nekuti kupi muchikamu "Nyika": "Khusarz" uye "Ulan"?

Ndine fungidziro huru yekuti vanyori vebhuku rino vaive nenguva yakanaka yekusarudza nekuzotsanangura zvinyorwa zvega. Izvi zvinonzwika pamapeji ese, kunyanya apo munyori haana kugumira kune tsananguro pfupi, asi akazvibvumira imwe tsananguro yakakura, semuenzaniso, mune yewachi:

Clock - yakauya kwatiri kubva kumutauro wechiGermany, umo wachi yemadziro inonzi Seiger; kare, izwi iri rainzi mvura kana hourglass, kana hourglass, kubva pashoko rechiito sihen, rinoreva "drain", "sefa". Kare, wachi dzakaitwa "ka[-kap", ipapo "tic-tac", uye nhasi dzinonyanya kunyarara.

-Izwi rangu randinofarira nhasi ndiwihajster. Ndinonyatsoda mashoko akavandudzwa anooneka kana tisingazivi shoko kana kurikanganwa, anotsanangura kudaro. Ichi chakakosha nekuti chinobva kumubvunzo wechiGerman: "wie heiss er?" zvichireva kuti "inonzi chii?". Kana ndikabvunzwa kuti chii chinonzi wihaister, ini ndinowanzopindura kuti idhingi rinoshandiswa pakumaka. Zvichida zano.

Akatora kubva kwatiri

Michal Rusinek akasarudza kuunza muchiPolish kwete chete mazwi akakweretwa kubva kumitauro yekunze, asiwo zvinopesana - izvo zvakabva kwatiri kune mimwe mitauro. Zvakazoitika, kunyora zvinyorwa zvakarurama kwakabvumikisa kuva basa rakaoma.

“Ndaida chaizvoizvo kuti bhuku racho ribatanidze mashoko echiPolish, ndiko kuti, mashoko echiPolish akakweretwa mumimwe mitauro,” anobvuma kudaro munyori wacho. -Nehurombo, hakuna akawanda acho uye zvakatora basa rakawanda kuti uzviwane. Uye kana varipo, saka pakutanga havasi chiPolish (chiPolish chaingove chinotumira kune mimwe mitauro), anotsanangura. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika, somuenzaniso, necucumber, iyo yakakweretwa kubva mumitauro yeGermany neScandinavia, asi pakutanga inobva mumutauro wechiGiriki (augoros inoreva girini, isina kuibva).

Mabhuku ese aMichal Rusinek, angave ari pamusoro pemutauro, pakati peandinoda Wieheister nguva pfupi yadarika, kana nezvemamwe misoro, anofanirwa kutariswa kubva kune vese vakuru nevadiki. Iko kusanganiswa kwezivo, erudition uye kuseka mavari inyanzvi chaiyo, uye munyori anobudirira chaizvo nguva dzose.

Mufananidzo webutiro: Edita Dufay

Uye muna Gumiguru 25, pazuva rechigumi nemashanu, iwe uchakwanisa kusangana naMichal Rusinek online paAvtoTachkiu's Facebook profile. Batanidza kune chati pazasi.