Sei ngarava dzeChile?
Imwe yematatu matatu eBritish Type 23 Chilean frigates - Almirante Cochrane. Vachabatanidzwa here nezvimwe zvikepe zveiyi nhevedzano izvo zvichiri mubasa reRoyal Navy? Mufananidzo US Navy
Nokuita kuti zvive nyore, kwete pasina hutsinye kana godo, Armada de Chile inogona kunzi "second-hand" zvikepe. Iri izwi harisi remanyepo, asi chirevo charo chepejorative zvachose hachiratidzi kukosha kwerudzi urwu rwemauto eChile, kana kuedza kwevakuru venyika kuvaka nekuchengetedza mauto emvura.
Iri kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweSouth America, Chile inovhara nzvimbo ye756 km950 uye inogarwa nevanhu 2. Inosanganisira zvinenge 18 zvitsuwa nezvitsuwa zviri pedyo nekondinendi uye muPacific Ocean. Pakati pavo pane: Easter Island - inoonekwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzakavandika pasi rose uye Sala y Gómez - chitsuwa chekumabvazuva kwePolynesia. Yekutanga ndeye 380 km, uye yechipiri 000 km kubva kumahombekombe eChile. Nyika ino zvakare ine chitsuwa cheRobinson Crusoe, chiri makiromita 3000 chete kubva kuChile, iyo ine zita rayo kune gamba rebhuku raDaniel Defoe (prototype yake yaive Alexander Selkirk, akagara pachitsuwa muna 3600). Muganhu wegungwa wenyika iyi wakareba makiromita 3210, uye muganho wenyika 600 km. Chile's latitudinal extent inopfuura 1704 km, uye meridian panzvimbo yayo yakakura ndeye 6435 km (munyika huru).
Nzvimbo yenyika, chimiro chemiganhu yayo uye kudiwa kwekutonga zvine hungwaru pazvitsuwa zviri kure zvinounza matambudziko akakomba kumauto ayo ane zvombo, kunyanya mauto emugungwa. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti nzvimbo yehupfumi yeChile ikozvino inodarika mamiriyoni 3,6 km2. Iyo yakakura, ingangoita mamirioni makumi maviri nematanhatu km26, nzvimbo yeSAR yakagoverwa kuChile pasi pezvibvumirano zvepasi rose. Uye nekufamba kwenguva, nhanho yekuomerwa uye kuoma kwemabasa akatarisana nemauto eChile anogona kungowedzera. Zvese nekuda kweChilean inoti kune chikamu cheAntarctica, kusanganisira zvitsuwa zviri padyo, ine nzvimbo inopfuura 2 miriyoni km1,25. Iyi ndima inoshanda mupfungwa dzevagari vemunyika seChilean Antarctic Territory (Territorio Chileno Antártico). Chibvumirano chepasi rose muchimiro cheAntarctic Treaty, pamwe nezvirevo zvakaitwa neArgentina neGreat Britain, zvinomira munzira yezvirongwa zveChile. Inogona zvakare kuwedzerwa kuti 2% yeChilean inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inosiya nyika pazvikepe.
Dzimwe nhamba...
Mauto eChilean Armed Forces anoonekwa seimwe yemauto akadzidziswa uye akashongedzerwa muSouth America. Vanosvika 81 000 masoja, 25 000. Chile ine basa rechiuto rinosungirwa, rinotora mwedzi 12 kune mauto emuchadenga uye mauto epasi uye mwedzi 22 yemauto emugungwa. Iyo bhajeti yeuto reChile inosvika US $ 5135 miriyoni. Chikamu chemari yekutsigira mauto chinobva pamari inowanikwa nekambani yehurumende yeCodelco, inova mutungamiri wenyika yose mukugadzirwa nekutengeswa kwemhangura kunze kwenyika. Zvinoenderana nemutemo wekuChile, mari yakaenzana ne10% yemutengo wekutengesa kunze kwekambani inopihwa gore rega nekuda kwekudzivirira. Mari isina kushandiswa inoiswa muhomwe yehurongwa, yatove yakakosha kutenderedza US $ 5 bhiriyoni.
... Uye zvishoma zvenhoroondo
Mavambo eArmada de Chile anotanga muna 1817 uye hondo dzakarwira rusununguko rwenyika. Mushure mekukunda, Chile yakatanga kuwedzera nzvimbo yayo, panguva iyo mauto ehondo akaita basa rakakosha. Kubva pakuona kwenhoroondo yehondo, zviitiko zvinofadza zvikuru zvakaitika munguva yeHondo yePacific, inozivikanwawo seNitrate War, yakarwa muna 1879-1884 pakati peChile nemauto akabatanidzwa ePeru neBolivia. Iyo Huáscar museum ngarava inobva panguva ino. Pakutanga kwehondo, iyi yekutarisa yakashanda pasi pemureza wePeruvia uye, kunyangwe iyo yakakosha mukana weChilean Navy, yakabudirira zvikuru. Pakupedzisira, zvisinei, chikepe chakatorwa neChile uye nhasi chinoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chekurangarira nhoroondo yezvikepe zvenyika mbiri idzi.
Muna 1879, mauto eChile akaita chirongwa chekumhara chakazoguma nekutorwa kwechiteshi chengarava neguta rePisagua. Ikozvino yava kuonekwa sekutanga kwenguva yemazuva ano yekushanda kweamphibious. Makore maviri gare gare, kumwe kumhara kwakaitwa, nekushandiswa kwezvikepe zvakati sandarara kuti zvive nyore kutakurwa kwemauto kumahombekombe. Kupa hutsva hutsva hwekushanda kweamphibious ibasa rakananga reArmada de Chile mukusimudzira hondo yehondo. Mupiro usina kunanga ibasa raAlfred Thayer Mhan "The Influence of Sea Power On History". Iri bhuku rakava nepesvedzero huru pamurangariro wenyika, richiparira nhangemutange yezvombo mugungwa yakaguma muHondo Yenyika I. Mafungiro arimo akazvarwa panguva yekucherechedza kwehondo ye nitrate uye anonzi akaumbwa muchikwata chevarume muguta guru rePeru - Lima. Mauto emugungwa ekuChile angangove ane rekodhi yekushandisa mauto emugungwa pakakwirira. Mukati mehondo, muna 1883, akatakura chikepe cheColo Colo torpedo (kureba mamita 14,64) kuenda kuLake Titicaca, iri 3812 m pamusoro pemwero wegungwa, uye akarishandisa ikoko kutenderera nokudzora gungwa.
Parizvino, Armada de Chile operation zone yakakamurwa kuita 5 matunhu, umo mirairo yega yega ine basa rekuita mashandiro. Nheyo huru yemauto ehondo (Escuadra Nacional) yemabasa munzvimbo yegungwa iri muValparaíso, uye nzvimbo yepasi pemvura (Fuerza de Submarinos) muTalcahuano. Pamusoro pemubatanidzwa wemugungwa, mauto emugungwa anosanganisirawo mauto emuchadenga (Aviacón Naval) uye Marine Corps (Cuerpo de Infantería de Marina).
