Sei uchida airbags mumotokari: musimboti wekushanda, marudzi uye mamiriro ekushanda

Airbags ndeimwe yemhando huru yemotokari yemazuva ano. Zvakaoma kutenda, asi makore makumi mana apfuura, hapana wevatungamiriri veindasitiri akambofunga kuaisa, uye ikozvino SRS system (off. Name) inofanira kunge iri mumotokari dzese dzakagadzirwa. Zvirinani pasina ivo, mugadziri haaone chitupa cheNHTSA.

Vatyairi vazhinji vanonzwisisawo kuti chishandiso ichi chinogona kuponesa hupenyu hwavo uye kusarudza mhando dzakachengeteka.

Saka usati watenga, zvakakosha kufarira kuti mangani airbags anosanganisirwa muhomwe, uye kuti uve neruzivo munyaya iyi, tinokurudzira kuti uzvizive kwete chete neiyo yakaoma dzidziso yeairbag mudziyo, asiwo marudzi avo, nzvimbo dzekuisa, zvinogona kuitika uye kunyange hupenyu hwebasa (zvakakodzera kutenga motokari yakashandiswa).

Airbags akaonekwa rinhi uye sei

Kwenguva yekutanga, vakafunga nezvekugadzira mapiro kumashure kwe40s, kunyange kwete yevatyairi, asi yevatyairi vemauto. Asi zvinhu hazvina kupfuura patents. Mukupera kwema60s, Ford naCrysler vakatangawo kushanda mune iyi nzira, asi nechikanganiso chimwe - airbags yakaonekwa seimwe nzira yebhandi rechigaro.

GM yakakurumidza kugumisa nyaya iyi, kusunungura motokari 10 dzakagadzirirwa ma airbag. Nhamba dzakaratidza kufa kwe000 chete (uye imwe kubva kuhosha yemoyo). Ipapo ndipo chete apo iyo NHTSA yakaona iyi senzira inovimbisa uye yakaisa mutemo pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kuvapo kweAirbags mumotokari yega yega.

Uye sezvo musika weAmerica panguva iyoyo waive mukuru, vagadziri veEurope neJapan vakakurumidza kugadzirisa uye nekukurumidza vakatanga kuburitsa budiriro yavo munzira iyi.

Nyaya yacho inopera muna 1981. Mercedes-Benz inoburitsa iyo W126, uko mabhegi emhepo aive akabatanidzwa nemabhandi ekusimbisa. Iyi mhinduro yakabvumira kuenzana kusvika ku90% yesimba rekukanganisa. Zvinosuruvarisa, mugumisiro wakanakisisa hausati wawanikwa.

Device

Tisati tanzwisisa kuti airbags inoshanda sei, ngatitorei rwendo rupfupi rwezvinhu zvikuru zveSRS system, sezvo iyo airbag pachayo isiri zvese.

Zvatinazvo:

• Impact sensors. Vanoiswa pamberi, kumativi uye shure kwemuviri. Basa ravo nderekugadzirisa nguva yekudhumhana uye nekukurumidza kutumira ruzivo kuECU;
• Gasi jenareta kana pressurization system. Inosanganisira maviri squibs. Yekutanga inopa 80% yegasi inozadza piro, uye yechipiri 20%. Iyo yekupedzisira inongopisa chete mukukonana kwakanyanya;
• Bag (pillow). Iri ndiro jira jena rakafanana, kana kuti goko renylon. Izvo zvinhu zvinomira zvakakura zvenguva pfupi mitoro uye yakareruka, nekuda kweiyo inokurumidza kuvhura pasi pekumanikidzwa kwegasi.

Iyo sisitimu inosanganisirawo sensor seat seat kuitira kuti panguva yekudhumhana sisitimu izive kana zvichifanira kuburitsa mufambi airbag kana kuti hapana munhu ipapo.

Uyezve, dzimwe nguva iyo accelerometer inosanganisirwa muSRS, iyo inosarudza coup yemotokari.

Nheyo yekushanda kweAirbag yemazuva ano

Nekuda kwekukora kwayo uye kupfava, pamwe chete nemabhandi, piro unoita mabasa matatu:

• haibvumiri munhu kurova musoro wake pachidhiraivho kana dashboard;
• inoderedza inertia velocity yemuviri;
• inoponesa kubva mukukuvadzwa kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekuderera kamwe kamwe.

Yekupedzisira yakakodzera kutarisa pairi. Mukudhumhana pakumhanya kukuru, simba risingaite rinoita zvekuti nhengo dzemukati dzinorova mapfupa, izvo zvinoita kuti atsemuka uye abude ropa. Somuenzaniso, kurova kwakadaro kweuropi kudehenya kunowanzouraya.

Mashandiro anoita iyo SRS sisitimu inogona kutofungidzirwa kubva pachigadzirwa, zvisinei zvakakosha kudzokorora:

1. Munguva yetsaona, iyo sensor sensor inoona kudhumhana uye inoendesa kuECU.
2. IECU inoraira jenareta gasi.
3. Iyo squib pombi inobhururuka kunze uye gasi pasi pekumanikidzwa inopihwa kune sefa yesimbi, uko inotonhorera kusvika kune yaunoda tembiricha.
4. Kubva pasefa, inopinda mubhegi.
5. Pasi pesimba regesi, bhegi rinowedzera zvakanyanya muhukuru, rinoputika neganda remotokari uye rinoputika kusvika kuhukuru hwakatarwa.

Zvese izvi zvinoitika mumasekonzi 0.3. Nguva ino yakakwana "kubata" munhu.

Nenzira, ndicho chikonzero muviri wemotokari unofanirwa kukanganiswa ne accordion. Saka haisi kungodzima inertia, asi inopawo SRS system nguva yekuponesa munhu kubva mukukuvara kwakanyanya.

Kana yangotanga, iyo airbag inodzima zvachose mukati memaminitsi mashoma kuti ibvumidze kuwana mabasa ekununura kana kubvumira mutyairi kusiya mota ari ega.

Mhando nemhando dzeairbags

Mushure me1981, kukura kwemapiro hakuna kupera. Zvino, zvichienderana nekirasi yemotokari, vagadziri vanogona kupa akasiyana marongero eSRS system inoderedza kukuvara mumhando dzakasiyana dzetsaona.

Idzi shanduro dzinotevera dzinogona kusiyaniswa:

Pamberi

Mhando yakajairika, inowanikwa kunyange mumotokari zhinji dzebhajeti. Sezvinoreva zita racho, dzinodzivirira mutyairi nemutakuri wepamberi pakudhumhana.

Basa guru remapiro aya nderekupfavisa inertia kuitira kuti vafambi vasarove dashboard uye chidhiraivho. Dzinogona kusiyana muhukuru zvichienderana nedaro riri pakati pe torpedo uye zvigaro zvepamberi.

Ivo pachavo, havazovhuri, kunyangwe vakarohwa netsaona. Asi pane dzimwe nzira dzokuzvidzivirira nadzo. Semuenzaniso, mutakuri haafanire kubata mukwende mumaoko ake, uye kana uchiisa chigaro chemwana, unofanirwa kudzima bhegi remufambi nebhatani rakapihwa.

Central

Maonero aya akaonekwa makore mashoma apfuura, uye kwete, piro haisi panzvimbo yepakati console, asi pakati pezvigaro zvepamberi. Nokudaro, inoshanda sechipingamupinyi elastic pakati pemutyairi nemutyairi.

Activation inoitika chete mudivi pemhedzisiro, uye basa guru reiyi airbag ndere kudzivirira mutyairi nemutyairi kubva kurovanisa misoro yavo kune mumwe nemumwe.

Nenzira, panguva yekuedzwa, zvakazoitika kuti piro iyi inoderedzawo kukuvara panguva yekuputsika kwemotokari padenga. Asi ivo vanoiswa chete pamotokari dzemhando yepamusoro.

Lateral

Aya ma airbags anobatiswa mudivi rinokanganisa uye anodzivirira mutyairi nevafambi kubva mukukuvadzwa kumapfudzi, pelvis uye torso. Iwo haana kukura seaya ekumberi, asi, tichitarisa nemhedzisiro yekuputsika bvunzo, vanokwanisa kutora kusvika ku70% yesimba rekuita.

Nehurombo, iyi mhando yepillow haiwanikwe pabhajeti remota mota, sezvo tekinoroji ichipa kuisirwa kwakaomarara mumaraki kana zvigaro.

Maketeni (musoro)

Maketeni, kana sezvavanodanwawo - mapiro emusoro, akagadzirirwawo kuchengetedza vashandisi vemugwagwa kubva mukukuvadzwa uye zvimedu zvegirazi panguva yekukanganisa. Vanoiswa padivi pehwindo nembiru, nokudaro vachidzivirira musoro. Inowanikwa chete pamotokari dzemhando yepamusoro.

Ibvi

Tichifunga kuti mabhegi epamberi anongodzivirira musoro uye torso yemutyairi uye mutyairi wepamberi, kukuvara kwakawanda kwaive kumakumbo. Izvi zvaive zvechokwadi kumabvi. Nokudaro, vagadziri vakapa piro yakasiyana munzvimbo ino. Vanoshanda panguva imwe chete nema airbags epamberi.

Chinhu chimwe chete, pamberi pemhando iyi ye airbag, mutyairi anofanira kutarisa kureba pakati pemabvi uye torpedo. Inofanira kugara yakakura kudarika masendimita 10. Kana zvisina kudaro, kushanda kwekudzivirira kwakadaro kuchava kwakaderera.

Nzvimbo mumotokari

Kuti uone kuti kupi uye ndeapi mapiro ari mumotokari, hazvidi zvachose kuvhura magwaro ehunyanzvi. Mitemo iyi inosungira vagadziri kumaka nzvimbo dzavo nekunyora kana tag.

Saka, unogona kuona kana mamwe airbags ari mumotokari yako sezvinotevera:

• Mberi dzinoratidzwa nekunyora pachikamu chepakati chechidhiraivho uye panhovo pamusoro pekamuri regirovhosi;
• Mabvi akaiswa chiratidzo nenzira imwechete. Iyo engraving inogona kuwanikwa pasi peiyo inotungamira mbiru uye pasi pechikamu chebhokisi regirovhosi;
• Makushion ekumativi nemaketeni zvinozvipa tag. Ichokwadi, iwe uchafanirwa kuitsvaga zvakanyatsonaka, sezvo vagadziri vanofarira kuvavanza nekuda kweaesthetics.

Nenzira, kana uchitenga motokari yakashandiswa, haufaniri kutarisa chete pane zvinyorwa. Mapillow anoraswa, uye mota inogona kunge yatova mutsaona. Naizvozvo, zviri nani kutarisa chidimbu chiri padivi peiyo airbag mazita. Kana paganda pakatsemuka, maburi, kana maronda ekugadzirisa, kazhinji mapillow anenge asisipo.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu api iyo nzira yekudzivirira inoshanda?

Zvakakoshawo kuratidza pfungwa inotevera - mapiro haashande saizvozvo. Naizvozvo, kana uchityaira, havazombobhururuka pamberi pako pasina chikonzero. Uyezve, kunyange kana njodzi iri kumhanya kusvika kumakiromita makumi maviri, sensor haizopi chiratidzo chekusunungura airbags, sezvo simba re inertia richiri duku.

Kusiyana, zvakakosha kucherechedza zviitiko apo muridzi wemotokari anosarudza kugadzirisa mukati meupholstery panzvimbo yemapiro. Kuti udzivise kuvhurika netsaona uye kukuvara kunotevera, iwe unofanirwa kubvisa zviteshi kubva mubhatiri, uye chete wozotora kugadzirisa.

Airbag inoshanda sei mumotokari?

Kukanganisa

Kufanana nese-on-board masisitimu, mapiro akasungirirwa pakombuta uye anoongororwa ne-on-board network. Kana pane kukanganisa, mutyairi achaziva nezvazvo nechiratidzo chinopenya pane dashboard.

Kukanganisa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Kukanganisa kana kutadza kwehurongwa;
• Kubatana kusiri iko kweAirbag;
• Oxidation yewaya kana kushamwaridzana (inowanikwa mushure mekugeza);
• Kukundikana kwekuvhunduka sensor;
• Hapana chiratidzo kubva ku control unit, mabhandi, mapiro kana sensor;
• Fuse kukundikana (kusangana kungave kwaenda);
• Kuiswa zvisirizvo kwemapiro matsva kana chidhiraivho.

Kana pane chero malfunctions, ndapota taura nesevhisi. Sezvo zvichave zvichibvira kuzvimiririra kuwana chaiyo tekinoroji mamiriro emapiro chete panguva yenjodzi, iyo yakazara nemhedzisiro inosuruvarisa.

Zvakakoshawo kuyeuka kuti kana uchitenga motokari yekare (kubva pamakore gumi nemashanu), mapiro achafanirwa kuchinjwa zvisinganzwisisiki, sezvo mutero we cartridge watove "wakapera" mumakore. Nhasi, kutsiva piro imwe chete kunodhura kubva ku15 rubles. Kana kuchengeteka kuchikosha, zvingave zvakakosha kutsvaga motokari duku.