Vhara sirin'i yepamusoro, chikamu 10

Mhedziso yekuronga uye kutenga muna 1936-39. vaiva, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, anti-ndege pfuti caliber 90 mm. Zvishandiso zvinokutendera kuti unyatso chengetedza masisitimu edziviriro emhepo mumaguta makuru uye maindasitiri nzvimbo.

Munhevedzano yezvinyorwa zvakaburitswa mu "Wojsko i Technika Historia" muna 2018 pasi pezita rekuti "Vhara sirin'i yepamusoro ...". midziyo yekutsigira moto yakakurukurwa. Mauto Emauto ePoland, akambundirwa nechirongwa chechimanje-manje chekusimudzira, akawana nhevedzano yezvikwiriso nekudzika zvakave nemhedzisiro yakananga pachimiro chavo munguva yerunyararo uye kugona kwavo kurwa muhondo. Muchinyorwa chinopedzisa kutenderera kwepamusoro, munyori anopa zvinhu zvekupedzisira zvemazuva ano edziviriro yemhepo yeChipiri Polish Republic, yakagadzirwa kubva mukutanga, uye inopfupisa kuedza kwese kwakaitwa muna 1935-1939.

Pamusangano weNational Welfare Service pana December 17, 1936, nhau yeAir Defense of the Domestic Area (OPL OK), yakambokurukurwa pana February 7 naJuly 31 wegore rimwe chetero, yakakurukurwazve. Panguva yekukurukurirana, musoro wekudzivirira kubva kune kutyisidzira kubva kumhepo yezviumbwa, kunyanya mapoka evacheche, yakabatwa zvakare. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga kwakambobvumidzwa neKSUS, DP yega yega yaifanirwa kunge iine 4 platoons ye40-mm 2 pfuti imwe neimwe. Zano rinonakidza rakaitwa pano rekuti kusimba kwakakwana kwemoto munzvimbo dziri pakati nepakati uye pamadaro ari kunze kweunyanzvi hwepfuti 40 mm, kupatsanurwa kunofanirwa kuve neine bhatiri rakasiyana re75 mm pfuti dzinofamba. Iyo postulate yakaita seyakarurama, sezvo nenzira iyi yaifanirwa kurwisa kwete ndege inobhomba chete, asiwo yekuziva artillery, izvo zvakakonzera kusanyanya kunetseka kune anoshanda mayuniti.

Pamberi pekugadzirwa kweStarachowice anti-ndege pfuti mu75 mm caliber 75 mm wz. 97/25 yakagadzira hwaro hwePolish air defense system.

Zvinoenderana neuto rePoland, mota dzekucherekedza dzakashanda paavhareji yakakwirira ye2000 m uye dzaive mukati memhando ye40 mm pfuti (iyo theoretical range yepfuti iyi yaive 3 km). Dambudziko nderekuti kucherechedzwa kubva kune yambotaurwa kureba kwakaitwa kure ne4-6 km kubva kune vavengi nzvimbo. Mufambo uyu waitopfuura wz. . iye kuvhara chikamu chikuru. Chinonyanya kukosha apa yaive nzira yaipfuura iyo yemhando yepamusoro yekutarisa yakananga kupfura uye yakabvumidzwa kupfurwa nenzeve (acoustic zvishandiso). Nokudaro mhedziso yokuti mabhatiri ekuzvidzivirira aifanira kunge akashandiswa nevadzidzi, kunyange panguva iyi yekushanda kwesangano rekudzivirira kwemhepo usiku haina kuverengwa (kushayikwa kwezviono zvakakodzera, zviratidzi, nezvimwewo).

Nehurombo, kusimbiswa kwechivharo chinoshanda chemhepo pamusoro peDP kunofanirwa kunge kwakaitika padanho rekupedzisira, rechitatu rechirongwa chekuwedzera. Yekutanga yaive nechinangwa chekushongedza mahombe ehunyanzvi ane 40-mm zvishandiso, uye yechipiri yaive nhanho yekuzadzazve nhamba yepfuti mumabhatiri kusvika 6 kana 8 zvidimbu. Nhanho yechitatu ndeyekupihwa kwemhepo kudzivirira masisitimu e75 mm caliber uye yakawanda kuuto, kune SZ reserve uye padanho rekupedzisira reDP. Kutsanangura nhanho yechitatu, yairatidzwawo nehumwe hutungamiri hwemabasa:

• • kugadzirira kwekudzivirira kwemhepo yeWarsaw uye kutanga kwebasa pasangano rekudzivirira kwemhepo yezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoratidzwa pasi apa;
  • kugadzirira maumbirwo akakura ezinga rekushanda neatillery anorwisa ndege uye kugadzira SZ reserve;
  • kugadzirira nyika yose kudzivirira mhepo;
  • kugadzirira mahombe tactical mauniti ane mamwe 75-mm anti-ndege zvombo.

Zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti pakupera kwa1936, nguva refu isati yatanga chirongwa chekuunganidza "Z", pakanga paine chirevo chechikamu che33 chepfuti, saka kudikanwa kunofungidzirwa kwaive kunotevera: 264 40-mm pfuti yeDP, 78 40 13-mm pfuti dzeBC, 132 75-mm pfuti dzeDP. Motokari zvikamu (RM) hazvina kubatanidzwa mukuverenga, kunyange kuwedzera kwakaramba kwakazaruka.

BC nhamba kusvika ku15.

Situation yainzi level yanga isingaite. huru yekushanda unit, i.e. boka rakasiyana rekushanda kana uto, nhamba iyo munyaya yeN kana R yakatanga kuiswa pa 7. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aifanira kuva ne 1-3 yezvikamu zvayo zvakasanganiswa, nhamba yacho yose haifaniri kudarika gumi nemaviri. Kuumbwa kweumwe neumwe wavo kwaiva seizvi: 12 mabhatiri 3-mm pfuti - 75 pfuti, 4 kambani ye 1 cm searchlights - 150 zviteshi, 12 bhatiri ye1mm pfuti - pfuti 40 (6 platoons). Pfuti dzinosvika 3 144 mm, 75 144 masendimita ekutsvagisa, 150 72 mm pfuti nepfuti dzinorema 40. Zvisineyi, hutsva huzhinji hunoonekwa pamwero weOK NW neVL, imwe neimwe yakakamurwa kuva nzira dzekumabvazuva nedzekumadokero, zvichiratidza nzira nhatu huru dzemafambisirwo endege yevavengi (Tafura 144). Mutungamiriri-mukuru, kana ari N kana R, anofanira kunge ane mauto mashanu anorema anorwisa ndege, iro basa rekutanga nderekudzivirira nzvimbo dzekutonga dziri munzvimbo dzine njodzi. Mutsetse wega wega weNW waifanira kuve nemabhatiri matatu e1-5 mm pfuti (pfuti gumi nembiri), kambani 3 ye90 mm yekutsvagisa uye 105 bhatiri re12 mm pfuti (1 pfuti).

Zvose: 60 90-105mm pfuti, 60 150cm zviedza zvekutsvagisa, 30 40mm uye pfuti dzinorema makumi matanhatu. Pakupedzisira, nzvimbo yemukati, iyo yakanga yakazara mukati mekusvika kune ndege yevavengi, iyo yaisanganisira 60 inonzi. matunhu uye 10 akasimba madhorobha nzvimbo. Iwo ekupedzisira akaverengerwa muchirongwa ichi zvakanyanya nekubhadhariswa kwenzvimbo dzekutaurirana nenzvimbo dzakakosha dzehurumende, idzo dzaifanirwa kunge dziine dziviriro shoma pakutyisidzirwa nemhepo. Tichifunga nezvezvido zvemumba, yaifanirwa kugadzira marudzi maviri emayuniti: mapoka akareruka muchimiro chechikwata che5-mm semi-stationary kana pfuti dzenhare - mabhatiri matatu, kambani 75 yekutsvaga - 3 posts, 1 bhatiri re12- mm pfuti uye 1 zvombo; mapoka akareba-refu emhando imwechete, asi 40-6-mm anti-ndege pfuti inofanira kutsiva 90-mm pfuti.

Pakazara, chinhu chekupedzisira cheamburera yeAnti-ndege yeChipiri Commonwealth yaive ne336 75-mm cannons, 48 ​​90-105-mm cannons, 300/384 150-cm masendimita ekutsvaga uye 384 inorema muchina pfuti. Pakazara, kuitwa kwechikumbiro chese che "Sangano Itsva yeAnti-Aircraft Artillery" kwaive kukwezva 1356 anti-ndege pfuti WP, 504/588 mavhenekeri ekurwisa ndege uye 654 pfuti inorema kudzivirira nzvimbo dzekupfura mabhatiri panzvimbo. urefu. kureba kusvika 800 m. kutsiva chikamu cheNKM 20 mm inorema muchina pfuti. Hukoshi huri muchinyorwa ichi hwaive hunoshamisa, nepo makore ekutanga nhanho yekuitwa kwesangano idzva rerunyararo, rakatemerwa kanokwana nguva ye1937-1938, raifanirwa kunge rakashandiswa mukugamuchira 40 mm caliber michina uye. kukurumidza kudzidziswa kwevashandi.