Oiri shanduko mune otomatiki kutapurirana: frequency, consumables, maitiro ebasa

Kuchinja oiri mune otomatiki kutapurirana kwakasiyana zvakanyanya nekuita kwakafanana, asi kunoitwa mugiya bhokisi regiya: hazvibviri kudonhedza huwandu hwese hwemafuta. Zvizhinji zvezvimwe zviri mukati me donut, chikamu chidiki mu hydraulic plate uye actuators.

Kunyangwe iyo otomatiki transmissions (hydraulic otomatiki transmissions) inosiyana muhunhu hwavo, maitiro ekuchinja oiri mune otomatiki transmission akafanana kune chero kutapurirana kwerudzi urwu. Chokwadi, zvisinei nehuwandu hwemagiya uye yakanyanya torque, iyo general musimboti wekushanda uye maitiro anoitika mubhokisi akafanana.

Ko iyo otomatiki inofambiswa sei

Iyi unit ine nzira dzinotevera:

• torque converter (GTE kana bagel);
• mapuraneti giya seti (yakaiswa neimwe yemapuraneti emhando magiya mabhokisi);
• selector;
• electronic control unit (ECU);
• hydraulic actuators (cylinders uye pistons);
• pombi yemafuta uye sefa;
• clutches;
• brake bands.

GTD

Iyo bagel inoita mabasa maviri akakosha mune otomatiki kutapurirana - senge clutch, inobvisa zvishoma injini kubva kune gearbox shaft uye inowedzera torque panguva yekutanga nekudzikisa kutenderera.

Torque inoshandura otomatiki kutapurirana

Inonzwa kuchena kwemafuta, asi haikanganisi kuita kwemafuta ekuzora.

giya repuraneti

Iyi ndiyo nzira huru yeautomatic transmission. Zvichienderana nekuvharirwa kweimwe kana imwe giya, giya reshiyo rinoshanduka. Gear ratios inosarudzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti injini inoshanda pasi pemamiriro akakwana. Inonyatsonzwa kuchena kwemafuta, uye painopera, guruva resimbi uye machipisi zvinopinda mumvura yekutapurirana.

Iyo yakasimba iyo abrasion yezvikamu zvepuraneti unit, iyo yakawanda simbi mune lubricant. Nokudaro, nekupfeka kwakanyanya, kuchinja kwemafuta hakubatsiri, nokuti chidimbu chakaonda chesimbi chakaoma chinoparadzwa zvachose, uye mukati mesimbi yakapfava inokurumidza kupera pasi pesimba rekupokana.

Selector

Ichi chikamu chiri mukamuri yevatyairi uye ine-multi-position switch iyo mutyairi anosarudza iyo otomatiki transmission mode. Iyo yakabatana neECU uye haina chekuita neyekutapurirana fluid, saka haina zvinoenderana nekuchena kwayo uye haina kukanganisa mamiriro emafuta.

ECU

Iyi ndiyo "uropi hwemagetsi" hwekutapurirana. Iyo ECU inocherekedza ese maparamita ekufamba kwemota uye, zvinoenderana nealgorithm yakasonwa mairi, inodzora zvese zvinhu zvebhokisi. Izvo hazvienderane nemamiriro emafuta uye hazviiti kuti zviitike nenzira ipi zvayo.

Hydraulic actuators

Hydraulic ndiro uye hydraulic cylinders. Ndivo "maoko" eECU uye, pakuraira kubva kune control unit, ita pamabhureki mabhendi uye friction clutches, uchichinja maitiro ekushanda kwekutapurirana.

Valve body automatic transmission

Kunyanya kunetseka nekuchena kwemafuta, asi usakanganisa mamiriro ayo. Kunyangwe chidimbu chidiki chesoot kana simbi chinogona kuvharira chiteshi kuburikidza neicho mvura inopinda mu hydraulic cylinder, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda kwakajairika kweiyo otomatiki kutapurirana.

Pombi yemafuta uye sefa

Iyo pombi yemafuta ndiyo moyo wegiya bhokisi, nekuti ndiye anogadzira kudzvanywa kwemvura yekutapurirana inodiwa pakushanda kwehydraulic actuators.

Sefa inochenesa kutapurirana kwese zvinosvibisa, kubva kutsvimbo yakatsva kuenda kuguruva resimbi.

Nzira mbiri idzi dzinonzwa kusvibiswa kwemvura. Uye kuchinja kwemafuta kusingatarisirwi mu otomatiki giya bhokisi kunogona kuderedza kubuda kwesefa, izvo zvinozotungamira mukudonha kwekumanikidza muhurongwa uye kusashanda kwekutapurirana.

kubata

Iyi imwe analog ye clutch mune otomatiki kutapurirana, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kushandura magiya uye kuwedzera kutsetseka kweichi chiitiko. Ivo vane hanya nekuchena kwemafuta, uye zvakare ndiwo makuru ekusvibisa. Pasi pemutoro unorema, vanopisa mafuta, izvo zvinoderedza hupenyu hwehutachiwana hwemvura uye zvishoma zvinoshandura zvikamu zvayo zvikuru.

Clutches automatic transmission

Mukuwedzera, kana yakanyanyisa kana kupisa zvakanyanya, tambo dzekuputika dzinopisa, uye guruva rinopisa rinopinda mumafuta.

Mabhureki mabhandi

Ivo vanodzora giya remapuraneti, vachivhara magiya ega ega, nekudaro vachichinja giya reshiyo, ndiko kuti, vanovhura imwe kana imwe kumhanya. Havana hanya nekusvibiswa kwemvura yekufambisa, uye nehupenyu hurefu hwebasa kana mitoro yakakwirira, inopera, ichiwedzera guruva resimbi kumafuta.

Otomatiki transmission inoshanda sei?

Kana iyo yekusarudzika iri munzvimbo ye "N" uye injini iri kunonoka, injini yeturbine yegesi inoendesa chikamu chesimba kune shaft yekupinza yekufambisa, uye nekumhanya kunonoka kutenderera. Muchiitiko ichi, clutch yekutanga yakazaruka, saka simba re torsion harina kuendeswa mberi kupfuura iro uye hapana maitiro pamavhiri. Iyo pombi yemafuta inogadzira kudzvanywa kwakakwana musystem kuti ishandise ese ma hydraulic cylinders. Kana mutyairi achisarudza chero ipi zvayo yekutyaira modes, ma hydraulic cylinders anodzora mabhendi ebhureki anotanga kuvhurwa, nekuda kwekuti giya remapuraneti rinogashira giya regiyo rinoenderana neyekutanga (yakaderera) kumhanya.

Nheyo yekushanda kweiyo automatic transmission

Kana mutyairi achidzvanya gasi, kumhanya kweinjini kunowedzera, ipapo clutch yekutanga inovhurwa, uye iyo gasi turbine injini inoshandura kutenderera kweinjini shaft, ichidzikisa zvakanyanya kumhanya uye kuwedzera torque. Zvese izvi, nekushanda kwakaringana kwebhokisi, zvinopa kutanga kwakatsetseka kwekufamba uye seti inokurumidza yekumhanyisa.

Sezvo bhokisi ECU rinowedzera, rinoshandura magiya, uye kuvhura clutch yekutanga uye kuvharira magiya epuraneti uchishandisa mabhureki mabhendi anoita kuti maitiro aya apfave uye asaonekwe.

Chii chinokanganisa mafuta mune automatic transmission

Iyo yekutapurirana fluid inoita matatu akakosha mabasa mubhokisi:

• inozora uye inotonhorera kukwesha zvinhu;
• inomiririra muviri unoshanda weiyo torque inoshandura, kuendesa simba kubva kune imwe chikamu kuenda kune imwe;
• is hydraulic fluid, inovimbisa kushanda kwese hydraulic drives.

Chero bedzi iyo lubricant yakachena uye ma paramita ayo asina kuchinjika, ese otomatiki ekufambisa masisitimu anoshanda nemazvo, uye kuburitswa kwesoti kana simbi guruva / machipisi kubva mubhokisi kushoma. Sezvo mvura yacho inosvibiswa uye maparamita ayo achidzikira, zvinotevera zvinoitika:

• kupfeka kwezvikamu zvekutsvaira kunowedzera, izvo zvinowedzera zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekuumbwa kwetsvina;
• kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandura torque yejini turbine injini yakaderedzwa;
• kushanda kwe hydraulic plate kunovhiringidzwa, nokuti zvidimbu zvetsvina zvinovhara nzira dzakatetepa uye kuderedza kubuda kwayo.

Transmission Fluid Condition

Aya maitiro anoitika mune chero otomatiki kutapurirana. Asi iyo yakasimba kupfeka kwayo, iyo yekutanga ivo vanotanga uye vanopfuura zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, iyo mileage isati yachinja oiri mune nyowani otomatiki transmission inoratidzika kureba kupfuura mune yakatoneta.

Oiri shanduko

Kuchinja oiri mune otomatiki kutapurirana kwakasiyana zvakanyanya nekuita kwakafanana, asi kunoitwa mugiya bhokisi regiya: hazvibviri kubvisa huwandu hwese hwemafuta. Zvizhinji zvezvimwe zviri mukati me donut, chikamu chidiki mu hydraulic plate uye actuators. Naizvozvo, marudzi anotevera ekuchinja kwemafuta anoshandiswa:

• chikamu (chisina kukwana);
• kaviri chikamu;
• yakazara (hardware).

Nechikamu, inenge hafu yemvura inodururwa, zvino imwe itsva inowedzerwa kune inodiwa. Iyo nzira mbiri inosanganisira mukuti kutanga kushanduka kwemvura kwechikamu kunoitwa, ipapo injini inotangwa kwenguva pfupi kuitira kuti lubricant inosanganiswa, uye imwe shanduko inoitwa. Iyi nzira inogona kutsiva inenge 70% yemvura.

Kuchinja mafuta mukutenderera otomatiki

Iyo hardware nzira inokubvumira kutsiva 95-98% yekutapurirana, asi inoda kupindira kwakakomba mune otomatiki transmission oiri system uye kaviri, uye kazhinji kunyange katatu huwandu hwemafuta matsva.

Partial kutsiva

Kuvhiya uku ndiko kukuru nekuti kunosanganisira zvese zvakakosha zviito:

• kudhonza mvura yekufambisa;
• sefa kutsiva;
• kuchenesa pallet;
• kuzadza mafuta;
• transmission fluid level kugadzirisa.

Izvi zviito zvinonzi zvakakosha nekuti zvinofanirwa kuitwa nechero nzira yekuchinja oiri.

Heano maturusi uye maturusi achadikanwa kuita iyi oparesheni:

• garaji rine gomba, overpass kana kusimudza;
• seti yeakavhurika-magumo uye socket wrenches;
• seti yefreydrivers;
• ndima;
• mudziyo wekuchera migodhi;
• sirinji kana sisitimu yekuzadza mvura nyowani (iwe unofanirwa kusarudza zvinoenderana nebhokisi kana mota).

Kuzadza sisitimu VAS 6262

Ichi chishandiso uye zvishandiso zvinodiwa kuti ushande chero otomatiki kutapurirana.

Maitiro

Kuti uite iyi nzira, ita zvinotevera:

1. Isa muchina pagomba, overpass kana simudza uye utsigire nemavhiri emavhiri.
2. Bvisa bhatiri kuchengetedza injini uye gearbox ECU, pane dzimwe mota zviri nani kuibvisa, izvi zvichaita kuti zvive nyore kuwana pamusoro peiyo otomatiki kutapurirana.
3. Kuwana mahara kune kutapurirana kubva parutivi rwehood, izvi zvinongodiwa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu apo, pane chimwe chikonzero, zviri nyore kuti iwe uzadze mafuta kubva kumusoro, semuenzaniso, kuburikidza negomba rekufema.
4. Bvisa iyo otomatiki yekudzivirira yekudzivirira, inogona kugadzirwa seshizha rimwe chete nekudzivirira injini, kana kumira zvakasiyana.
5. Tsiva chigadziko uye usunungure plug yedhiraivha, pane mamwe ma transmissions iwe unofanirwawo kusunungura chubhu yekuyeresa, pasina izvo hazvizogoneke kubvisa mafuta.
6. Kana mvura yapera, bvisa pani kuti uwane mukana kune sefa uye hydraulic plate.
7. Shandura sefa yemukati. Pasinei nokuti vamwe vatenzi vanokurudzira kuishambidza, tinokupa zano kuti uchinje, nokuti mari yechinhu chitsva haigoni kuenzaniswa nekukuvadza kunokonzerwa nesefa yakashambidzwa.
8. Tsiva sefa yekunze kana kutapurirana kwako kuine imwe (kana zvisiri, tinokurudzira kuimisa, sezvo uchizorebesa hupenyu hweiyo otomatiki kutapurirana).
9. Dzorera gasket uye dzorera pani. Vamwe vanogadzira mota, senge BMW, havatengese gasket zvakasiyana, chete nepellet uye fasteners nyowani. Nokudaro, zviri kwauri kuti usarudze kana kutora chinotsiva, kureva, isiri yepakutanga gasket yehutano husingazivikanwi, kana kuti uchiri kuisa izvo mugadziri anopa.
10. Nyora mudhiraini plug, kana bhokisi rakashongedzerwa nechubhu yekuyeresa, wobva warimonera mukati.
11. Zadza nemafuta kusvika pamwero wakakodzera. Nzira yekutarisa uye kugadzirisa huwandu hwegirisi hunoenderana nekugadzirwa kwebhokisi.
12. Dzorera uye ubatanidze bhatiri.
13. Tanga injini uye tarisa chiyero zvakare, kushanda uku kunoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kweiyo otomatiki kutapurirana.

Chikamu chekuchinja kwemafuta mune otomatiki kutapurirana

Dzorerazve zvikamu zvakabviswa.

Kaviri chikamu chinotsiva

Ita shanduko yakadaro yemafuta mubhokisi re otomatiki zvinoenderana nealgorithm inotsanangurwa pamusoro. Chete mushure mekutsiva kwekutanga, tanga injini uye woirega ichimhanya kwe5-10 maminetsi kuitira kuti mvura yese iri muotomatiki yekufambisa isanganiswe, uye zvakare shandura iyo yekusarudza lever kakawanda mukuchinjana mune zvese zvinzvimbo. Wobva wadzima injini uye shandura lubricant zvakare.

Hardware kutsiva

Iyi nzira ndiyo inonyanya kushanda, asi inofanirwa kuitwa nenyanzvi inonyatsoziva nezve otomatiki transmissions. Nokuda kweiyi nzira, mutsara wekudzoka kwemafuta wakaputsika uye tsvina inodururwa, ipapo pombi inobatanidzwa mumudziyo une tsvina yakachena yekufambisa uye bhokisi rinozadzwa naro, richisuka zvakasara zvegirisi yekare. Kugeza kwakadaro kunobvisa kwete migodhi chete, asiwo tsvina yakagadzika mumatanho. Iyo nzira yakawana zita rayo nekuda kwekuti inogona kuitwa chete nerubatsiro rwechigadziko chakakosha (midziyo), uye kuedza kwese kupfuudza neyakagadziriswa nzira kunoderedza zvakanyanya kushanda zvakanaka.

Hardware shanduko yemafuta mune otomatiki kutapurirana

Kuti unyatso fambisa sisitimu, huwandu hweoiri hunodiwa huri 3-4 nguva yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutapurirana mvura muhurongwa. Mushure mekuchinja kupi kwekutapurirana, bhokisi rinozoda kuchinjika kuitira kuti otomatiki yekufambisa ECU ijaire kushanda nemafuta matsva.

Pasinei nemitengo yakakwira, iyi nzira inowedzera hupenyu hwemayuniti anoshanda zvizere, uye zvakare inomisa kugadziridzwa kwemabhokisi asina ma clutches asina kutsva.

Ndeipi nzira inodiwa mumamiriro akasiyana

Sarudzo yeyakanyanya nzira yekushandura oiri mune otomatiki kuendesa zvinoenderana nemamiriro eyuniti. Kana iyo mvura yakachena uye bhokisi riri kushanda zvakanaka, asi maererano nemitemo, nguva yasvika yekuchinja lubricant (30-60 zviuru zvemakiromita), ipapo kutsiva chikamu kwakakwana. Nekumhanya kwe70-120 zviuru zvemakiromita, ita kaviri chikamu chemvura shanduko, uye kana kumhanya kuri 150-200 zviuru, ita shanduko yehardware. Wobva wadzokorora kutenderera kwese, uchiita chiito chega chega nepakati pemakiromita zviuru makumi maviri-20, kusvika iyo unit yatanga kukanda kana kusashanda zvisizvo. Nekumhanya kweanopfuura mazana maviri ezviuru, zviratidzo zvakadaro zvinoratidza kudikanwa kwekugadzirisa, zvisinei nemuvara kana kunhuwa kwemvura inotapurirana.

Ndeipi nzira yekushandura oiri mune otomatiki kutapurirana kusarudza

Kana iyo unit ichikamhina kana neimwe nzira isingashande nemazvo, zvino kutsiva zvishoma hakuna zvakunobatsira, nekuti tsvina yakawanda yaungana mumvura yekutapurirana, saka ita kanenge kaviri, uye zviri nani kutsiva Hardware. Izvi zvichawedzera mutengo wako nezviuru zveRubles, asi zvinokutendera kuti utarise mamiriro eiyo otomatiki kutapurirana uye kuona kana ichigona kuramba ichishanda kana kana ichitoda kugadziriswa.

Ita zvakafanana kana, neine yakaderera mileage (120 kana zvishoma zviuru zvemakiromita), mafuta ari mukufambisa akasviba kana emulsified, asi hapana kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kwekupisa. Kana, nekumhanya kuduku, kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kwekupisa, saka pasinei neyo nzira yekuitsiva, chikwata chichakurumidza kuda kugadziriswa. Mushure mezvose, zvikwata zvake, uye zvichida kwete ivo chete, zvakasakara, saka havachakwanisi kuita basa ravo nemazvo.

Unogona kuchinja mafuta iwe pachako?

Iwe unogona kutsiva kutapurirana mune otomatiki kutapurirana iwe pachako munzira mbiri dzekutanga, kureva, chikamu uye kaviri chikamu. Nokuda kweizvi, chero garaji rine gomba kana overpass yakakodzera, pamwe chete neyakagadzika seti yezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa motokari. Kana iwe pachako uchiita kanenge imwe mhando yekugadzirisa michina, saka iwe unogona kubata basa iri. Chinhu chikuru ndechokutevera mitemo iri nyore:

Verenga zvakare: Steering rack damper - chinangwa uye kumisikidza mitemo

• usashandise sealant panzvimbo yegasket yenguva dzose;
• dzidza mirairo yekushanda yemotokari uye maforamu ehurukuro apo vashandisi vanosiya maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye mazano;
• tarisa mavhidhiyo mashoma apo nyanzvi inoratidza chaizvo maitiro ekuita chimwe chiitiko;
• kana kuchengetedzwa kweiyo otomatiki kutapurirana uye injini yakagadzirwa neyakakora zvinhu uye yakagadzirwa muchimiro chepepa rimwe chete, saka usaite kubviswa wega, kumbira mumwe munhu kuti akubatsire;
• kuita kuchengetedza kweyuniti, kutarisa kwete chete mileage, asiwo mamiriro ayo;
• kana usina chokwadi chekuti unogona kuita zvese nemazvo, bata kwete hazvo nyanzvi, asi yakanaka mota sevhisi.

Iyi mitemo ichakubatsira iwe kudzivisa zvikanganiso zvakakomba uye kuchengetedza zvakanaka kutapurirana.

mhedziso

Kuchinja kweoiri panguva muotomatiki kutapurirana, pamwe nekushanda kwakaringana kwemota, ndiyo kiyi yebasa refu uye risina mhosva rekutakura otomatiki. Sarudzo chaiyo yenzira yekuita oparesheni iyi inowedzera hupenyu kwete chete otomatiki kutapurirana, asi muchina wese.

Oiri shanduko mukutenderera otomatiki