Mota bhatiri mutariri uye voltage: izvo zvinofanirwa kuve chii?

Zviratidzo zvakakosha zvebhatiri rekuchengetera ndiko kugona kwayo, magetsi uye kuwanda kwemagetsi. Unhu hwebasa nekushanda kwechigadzirwa zvinoenderana navo. Mumota, bhatiri rinopa cranking yazvino kune iyo yekutanga iyo injini uye inopa mota yemagetsi system pazvinenge zvichidikanwa. Naizvozvo, kuziva mashandiro ebhatiri rako uye kuchengetedza mashandiro aro zvakakosha kuti uve nemamiriro akanaka emotokari seyakazara.

Bhatiri voltage

Kutanga, ngationei zvinoreva izwi rekuti "voltage". Chaizvoizvo, iyi ndiyo "kumanikidza" kwemaelectronji akachaji akagadzirwa nenzvimbo yazvino kuburikidza nedunhu (waya). Maerekitironi anoita basa rinobatsira (magetsi emagetsi emagetsi, zvikamu, nezvimwewo). Iyo voltage inoyerwa muVolts.

Iwe unogona kushandisa multimeter kuyera bhatiri voltage. Iwo ekutaurirana ma probes echishandiso anoshandiswa kune emota bheta. Zvakarongeka, voltage ye12V inoonekwa seyakajairwa. Iyo chaiyo bhatiri voltage inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pe12,6V -12,7V. Izvi ndizvo zviratidzo zvebhatiri rakazara zvakazara.

Aya manhamba anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye nguva yekuyedza. Pakarepo mushure mekuchaja, chishandiso chinogona kuratidza 13V - 13,2V. Kunyangwe tsika dzakadai dzichionekwawo sekugamuchirwa. Kuti uwane iyo chaiyo data, iwe unofanirwa kumirira awa kana maviri mushure mekuchaja.

Kana iyo voltage ichidonha pazasi pe12 volts, saka izvi zvinoratidza kuburitswa kwebhatiri. Iko kukoshesa kwemagetsi uye mwero wekuchaja unogona kufananidzwa maererano netafura inotevera.

Voltage, Volt	Kubhadharisa mwero,%
12,6 +	100
12,5	90
12,42	80
12,32	70
12,20	60
12,06	50
11,9	40
11,75	30
11,58	20
11,31	10
10,5	0

Sezvauri kuona kubva patafura, voltage pazasi pe12V inoratidza 50% bhatiri kuburitsa. Bhatiri inoda kuchinjwazve nekukurumidza. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti mukati mekudonhedza kunoitika sisitimu yemahwendefa. Kuwanda kwemadonhwe e electrolyte. Sulfuric acid inoputsika nekutora chikamu mumakemikari anoita. Tungamira mafomu esulphate pamahwendefa. Kubhadharisa panguva yakakodzera kunotanga izvi nenzira yakatarisana. Kana iwe uchibvumira kudzika kwakadzika, ipapo bhatiri rinenge ratove rakaoma kumutsazve. Inogona kutadza zvachose, kana kurasikirwa zvakanyanya musimba.

Iwo mashoma voltage pane iyo bhatiri inogona kushanda inoonekwa seye 11,9 Volts.

Yakatakurwa uye kuburutswa

Kunyangwe pazasi magetsi, bhatiri rinokwanisa kwazvo kutanga injini. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti mushure meizvozvo jenareta ichachaja bhatiri. Panguva yekutanga kweinjini, bhatiri rinopa hombe razvino kune iyo yekutanga, uku ichirasikirwa zvakanyanya mukutarisira. Kana bhatiri iri noutano, kuchaja kwacho kunodzoserwa kumagariro akaenzana mukati memasekonzi mashanu.

Iyo bhatiri pabhatiri nyowani inofanirwa kunge iri munzvimbo ye12,6 - 12,9V, asi aya maitiro haagare achiratidza mamiriro chaiwo ebhatiri. Semuenzaniso, pazororo, pasina vatengi vakabatana, iyo voltage iri mukati meyakajairika renji, asi pasi pemutoro inodonha zvakanyanya uye kuchaja kunokurumidza kudyiwa. Izvi zvinogona kudaro.

Ndokusaka zviyero zvinotorwa pasi pemutoro. Kuti uite izvi, shandisa chishandiso senge mutoro plug. Bvunzo iyi inoratidza kana bhatiri rakabata mubhadharo kana kuti kwete.

Iyo plug ine voltmeter, yekutaurirana ma probes uye mutoro coil mudzimba. Chigadzirwa chinogadzira kuramba kuripo kwekaviri bhatiri kugona, kuenzanisa yekutanga kwazvino. Semuenzaniso, kana bhatiri rekugona iri 50A * h, ipapo chishandiso chinotakura bhatiri kusvika ku100A. Chinhu chikuru ndechokusarudza chaiyo kuramba. Kana 100A ikapfuudzwa, zvichave zvakafanira kubatanidza maviri ekudzivirira makoiri kuti uwane chaiyo data.

Pa - mutoro zviyero zvinotorwa nebhatiri rakazara rakazara. Iyo chishandiso inobatwa kwemasekonzi mashanu, ipapo mhedzisiro yakanyorwa. Voltage inodonha pasi pemutoro. Kana bhatiri racho rakanaka, rinodonhedza kusvika gumi volts uye zvishoma nezvishoma richapora kusvika ku5 volts uye pamusoro. Kana iyo voltage ichidonhera ku10V uye pazasi, ipapo bhatiri haribate chibharo uye rakakanganisa. Kunyangwe mushure mekuchaja, zvinogona kuratidza zvakajairwa tsika - 12,4 V kana kupfuura.

Electrolyte arambe achirema

Iyo voltage mwero inoratidzawo kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte. Iyo electrolyte pachayo musanganiswa we 35% sulfuric acid uye 65% mvura yakadhonzwa. Isu takatotaura kuti kusungwa kwesulfuric acid kunoderera panguva yekubuda. Iyo yakakura kuburitsa, iyo yakaderera iyo density. Izvi zviratidzo zvinopindirana.

Kuyera kuwanda kwe electrolyte uye nezvimwe zvinwiwa, chishandiso chakakosha chinoshandiswa - hydrometer. Mune yakasarudzika mamiriro, iine yakazara mutero we12,6V - 12,7V uye mweya tembiricha ye20-25 ° C, iyo electrolyte density inofanira kunge iri pakati pe 1,27 g / cm3 - 1,28 g / cm3.

Iyi tafura inotevera inoratidza kutsamira kweiyo density padanho rekuchaja.

Electrolyte arambe achirema, g / cm3	Kubhadharisa nhanho,%
1,27 - 1,28	100
1,25	95
1,24	90
1,23	80
1,21	70
1,20	60
1,19	50
1,17	40
1,16	30
1,14	20
1,13	10

Iyo yakakwira iyo density, iyo inowedzera kuramba bhatiri ndeye kutonhora. Munharaunda dzine mamiriro ekunze akashata, uko tembiricha inodonha kusvika -30 ° C uye pazasi, kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte kunokwidzwa kusvika 1,30 g / cm3 nekuwedzera sulfuric acid. Iyo yakanyanya density inogona kukwidziridzwa ku1,35 g / cm3. Kana iri yepamusoro, asidhi ichatanga kukanganisa maplate uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Girafu pazasi inoratidza iyo hydrometer kuverenga pane tembiricha dzakasiyana:

Munguva yechando

Munguva yechando, vatyairi vazhinji vanoomerwa nekutanga injini sezvo tembiricha ichidzikira. Bhatiri rinomira kushanda zvizere. Vamwe vanofarira mota vanobvisa bhatiri nehusiku uye vachisiya richidziya. Muchokwadi, kana yakazara zvakazara, iyo voltage haina kudonha, asi kunyange inomuka.

Kutonhora tembiricha kunokanganisa kuwanda kweiyo electrolyte uye mamiriro ayo epanyama. Kana ichinge yazara zvakakwana, bhatiri rinogona kutsungirira chando, asi kana utsi hwacho hwadzikira, pane mvura yakawanda uye iyo electrolyte inogona kuita chando. Electrochemical maitiro anononoka.

Pa -10 ° C -15 ° C, bhatiri rakachaji rinogona kuratidza kuchaja kwe12,9V. Izvi zvakajairika.

Pa -30 ° C, bhatiri kugona kunoderedzwa nehafu yezita. Mhepo inodonha kusvika pa12,4V pakukora kwe1,28 g / cm3. Zvakare, bhatiri rinomira kuchaja kubva kujenareta yatove pa -25 ° C.

Sezvauri kuona, tembiricha dzisina kunaka dzinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ebhatiri.

Nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera, bhatiri remvura rinogona kugara makore mashanu kusvika mashanu. Mumwaka unodziya, mwero wekuchaja uye huwandu hwe electrolyte hunofanirwa kuongororwa kanokwana kamwe pamwedzi miviri kusvika mitatu. Munguva yechando, paavhareji tembiricha ye -5 ° C, kuchaja kunofanira kuongororwa kanokwana kamwe pasvondo mbiri kana nhatu. Mumazaya echando akakomba -7 ° C-10 ° C, zvinokurudzirwa kudzoreredza bhatiri mazuva ese mashanu, kunyangwe uine nzendo dzenguva dzose.