Kuchaja mota dzemagetsi mumaminitsi gumi. uye hupenyu hwebhatiri hurefu nekuda…kudziya. Tesla aive nayo kwemakore maviri, ikozvino masayendisiti auya nayo

Masero emazuva ano e-lithium-ion anoonekwa seanoita zvakanyanya pamhepo tembiricha, sezvo achibvumira kugadzikana kunonzwisisika pakati pekuchaja kumhanya uye kuparara kwesero. Nekudaro, zvinozoitika kuti kudzipisa usati wachaja kunobvumidza iwe kuwedzera simba rekuchaja uye hazvikonzerese mashandisiro ebhatiri.

Tafura yezvinyorwa

• Gear kubva kuTesla nekutsvagisa kwesainzi
  • Dambudziko guru nemasero e-lithium-ion ndiro rakavharirwa lithium. Pamwe muSEI kana graphite. Uye kunyange shoma lithium = shoma simba
  • Tembiricha yepamusoro kwenguva pfupi = yakachengeteka kuchaja ine simba rakawanda
  • Mhinduro? Pamunwe wako: 200-500 kW kuchaja uye 20-50 makore ehupenyu hwebhatiri.

Muna 2017, Tesla yakawedzera bhatiri yekupisa mashandiro kumotokari dzayo. pakudziya kwakaderera. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti izvi zvaizowedzera kubhururuka kwendege munguva yechando uye kukurumidza kuchaja panguva yechando. Nekudaro, kudziyisa uye kutonhora mukati uye pachezvavo hazvina kumbove chinhu chakakura, nevagadziri vazhinji vachishandisa maseru akatonhodzwa/anopisa kana mabhatiri mapaketi.

> Mabhatiri emotokari dzemagetsi anotonhodzwa sei? [MODEL LIST]

Kiyi yakabva yabuda Kupisa nenzira yekumhanyisa kubhadharisa pasina kukuvadza maseru.. Zvinoita sekuti mushure mekuvandudza zvakabuda kuti tembiricha inofanira kunge iri yei kuitira kuti uderedze nguva yekudzikira pajaja. Basa rekudziya bhatiri risati rabatana neSupercharger (preheating, pakupedzisira muna 2019: kudziyisa bhatiri uri kuenda) rakaverengerwa zvachose musoftware kubva pakatanga Supercharger v3 munaKurume 2019:

> Tesla Supercharger V3: Inosvika 270km Range muMaminitsi gumi, 10kW Kuchaja Simba, Liquid Yakatonhodzwa Cables [Gadziridza]

Masayendisiti paPennsylvania State University's Center yeElectrochemical Motors vachangobva kuratidza Tesla chokwadi. Uye zvinoreva mota dzemagetsi dzinochaja mumaminitsi gumi z mazana emakiromita kilowatts i usazvinetse nekuderera kwebhatiri makumi emakore, kusvikira tembiricha iyo masero anodziyirwa yakanyatsosarudzwa.

Asi ngatitangei kubva pakutanga:

Dambudziko guru nemasero e-lithium-ion ndiro rakavharirwa lithium. Pamwe muSEI kana graphite. Uye kunyange shoma lithium = shoma simba

Zvinowanzogamuchirwa izvozvo iyo yakakwana yekushanda tembiricha yelithium-ion masero tembiricha yekamuri. Nokudaro, maitiro ekugadzirisa bhatiri anotonhora anovimbisa kuti masero haawedzere kupisa (mushure mezvose, hazviitike nguva dzose kuchengetedza zita re20 degrees Celsius).

Tembiricha yekamuri inobvumidza iwe kudzivirira kukura kweiyo passivating layer - iyo yakaomeswa chikamu che electrolyte, iyo inounganidza pa electrode uye inosunga lithium ions; SEI - uye kusungwa kwe lithium ions mune graphite electrode. Kuwedzera kwekushisa kunoreva kuti maitiro ose ari kukurumidza. Iwe unogona kuona izvi mushure mekutanga bvunzo.

> Tesla anopokana muGermany. Zve "Autopilot", "Fully Autonomous Driving"

Masayendisiti paCentre for Electrochemical Engines akasimbisa izvozvo Lithium-ion maseru anoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi anongogara anenge 50 kuchaji pa6°C. (kureva 6 nguva yekukwanisa kwesero, semuenzaniso 0,2 kWh sero inobhadharwa ne 1,2 kW sosi, nezvimwewo).

Kuenzanisa, zvakafanana zvinongedzo:

• vaisvika nyore nyore 2 kuchaja pa500C (yemotokari ine 40 kWh bhatiri i40 kW, yemotokari ine 80 kWh bhatiri i80 kW, nezvimwewo),
• vakatogara 200 chete kuchaja pa4C.

Panguva imwecheteyo, ne "kudzivisa" tinoreva kurasikirwa kwe20 muzana yesimba rekutanga, nokuti ndiyo nzira iyo izwi rinonzwisiswa nayo mumhizha yemotokari.

Lithium-ion cell vatsvakurudzi vave vachiedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kwemakore nekushandura kuumbwa kwe electrolytes kana nekuputira magetsi nezvinhu zvakasiyana kudzivirira kubatwa kwe lithium ions. Nekuti ndiyo lithium ion inofamba mubhatiri inobata nekugona kwayo.

> Renault-Nissan inodyara muEnevate: "Battery charge mumaminetsi mashanu"

Zvisingatarisirwi, zvakazoitika kuti dambudziko rinogona kugadziriswa nyore nyore. Zvakakwana kupisa sero zvakanyanya kuderedza dambudziko re lithium ion trapping. Sezvineiwo, tembiricha yepamusoro yakaita kuti sero capacitance iderere zvakadaro: apo lithium encapsulation mu electrode yaive shoma, iyo passivating layer (SEI) dambudziko rekukura harina kugadziriswa.

Kwete netsvimbo, asi netsvimbo.

Kupisa kwepamusoro kwe nguva pfupi = yakachengeteka kuchaja ine simba rakawanda

Nekudaro, masayendisiti kubva kunzvimbo yakataurwa yekutsvagisa akakwanisa kuwana nzvimbo yepakati. Vakamudaidza Asymmetric tembiricha modulation nzira. Vanodziya sero kwemasekonzi makumi matatu kusvika ku30 madhigirii celsius vobva vachaja kwemaminetsi gumi kuti pakupedzisira vasimudze sisitimu uye tembiricha inodonha.

Sei zvichingotora maminetsi gumi kubhadharisa? Zvakanaka, pa6 C ino inguva yakakwana yekuchaja bhatiri kusvika ku80 muzana yekugona kwayo. 6 C inoreva magetsi:

• 240 kW yeNissan Leaf II
• 400 kW yeHyundai Kona Magetsi 64 kWh,
• 480 kW yeTesla Model 3.

Paunenge uchichaja kubva pa0 kusvika pa80 muzana, iyi simba repamusoro rinoda maminetsi gumi enguva isina basa yejaja. Nekudaro, kana iyo bhatiri yekuburitsa mwero yakaderera (10 muzana, 10 muzana, ...), iyo simba replenish process inotora kunyange isingasviki maminetsi gumi!

Iyo yekutonhodza bhatiri inongofanira kuona kuti tembiricha yebhatiri haikwire pamusoro pemadhigirii makumi mashanu (vanoongorora vanoti 50 madhigirii Celsius) kudzikamisa chiyero chinovaka iyo passivation layer. Panguva imwecheteyo, nguva shoma yekuchaja inoderedza nguva yekukura.

Mhinduro? Pamunwe wako: 200-500 kW kuchaja uye 20-50 makore ehupenyu hwebhatiri.

Masayendisiti akakwanisa kuratidza kuti masero eNMC622 akabatwa nenzira iyi anokwanisa kutsungirira 1 mhosva ine simba re 700 C uye kurasikirwa kusvika ku6 muzana yehuwandu. 20 mhosva haina kunyanya kunakidza, asi kana tikatyaira 1 km pagore uye bhatiri rine simba re 700 kWh, izvi ndizvo. Chigumisiro chinoshandurwa kuva makore makumi maviri nematatu ekushanda.

Wedzera kuti mabhatiri uye huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi dziri kukura uye Mapolesa anowanzo kutyaira asingasviki makiromita makumi maviri-20 pagore, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwebhatiri hunofanira kudonha kusvika makumi matatu muzana mumakore angangoita makumi mashanu-80.

> Hezvo! Mota yemagetsi yekutanga ine nhanho chaiyo ye600 km ndiyo Tesla Model S Long Range.

Warto poczytać: asymmetric tembiricha modulation kune yekupedzisira-inokurumidza kuchaja yelithium-ion mabhatiri

Mufananidzo wekuvhura: electroplating (lithium coating) ye electrode zvichienderana nekupisa kwesero (c) Pakati peinjini ye electrochemical

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